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SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 .
Introduction ................................................................................ ............................... 3
2 .
Goals and Objectives ................................................................. ...............................
3
3 .
Physical Conditions .................................................................... ...............................
5
A .
Geology ..................................................................................... ..............................5
B .
Soils ........................................................................................... ..............................5
C.
Topography Slope and Aspect .............................................. ...............................
5
4 .
Vegetation ................................................................................... ...............................
7
A.
Pre - European - Settlement Plant Communities .................... ...............................
7
B.
Existing Plant Communities ................................................. ...............................
8
C.
Proposed Plant Communities ..................... ..................... ...............................
10
D.
Vegetation Management Recommendations ..................... ...............................
10
A. Site Preparation and Plant Community Pre - Establishment .........................
10
B. Proposed Natural Communities and Seeding/Planting Recommendations.
13
5 .
Water Resources ...................................................................... ...............................
16
A .
Lakes ..................................................................................... ...............................
16
B .
Streams .................................................................................... .............................16
C .
Wetlands ............................................................................... ...............................
16
D .
Groundwater .....................................................:.................. ...............................
16
E.
Stormwater Quality and Quantity ..................................... ...............................
16
F.
Water Resource Management Recommendations ............ ...............................
17
6 .
Wildlife Resources ................................................................... ...............................
18
A .
Existing Habitat ................................................................... ...............................
18
B .
Future Habitat ...................................................................... ...............................
18
C.
Wildlife Management Recommendations .......................... ...............................
18
7 .
Adjacent Land Use ................................................................... ...............................
19
8 .
Contaminants ........................................................................... ...............................
19
9 .
Infrastructure ........................................................................... ...............................
19
10.
Human Impact Management .............................................. ...............................
21
11.
Special Resources ................................................................. ...............................
21
12 .
Budget and Schedule ........................................................... ...............................
22
13.
Management Authority ....................................................... ...............................
24
Appendix
A. Proposed Natural Community Species Planting Lists ......................
25
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure1. Site Location Map ................................................................ ............................... 4
Table 1. CD -P86 Soil Survey Data ...................................................... ...............................
5
Figure2. Soils Survey .......................................................................... ...............................
6
Figure 3. Existing Plant Communities ................................................. ...............................
9
Figure4. Site Preparation Map .......................................................... ...............................
12
Figure 5. Proposed Natural Communities .......................................... ...............................
15
Figure 6. Infrastructure Plan .............................................................. ...............................
20
Table 2. Construction Budget and Schedule ...................................... ...............................
22
Table 3. Annual Budgeting Table ...................................................... ...............................
23
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
1. Introduction
A major component of the South Washington Watershed District (SWWD) Greenway Corridor
Plan is to create a natural corridor that connects the northern parts of the District with the
Mississippi River. The corridor alignment generally follows a natural drainageway that runs
north -south through the center of the District. Key parcels included in the SWWD Greenway
corridor include the Cottage Grove Ravine Park, Woodbury chain of lakes and Lake Elmo Park
Reserve just north of the District.
One critical link in the corridor is a series of natural depressions that form the backbone of the
District's central stormwater conveyance route. Known as CD -P86, this ponding area provides
the critical connection between the City of Woodbury's trunk stormwater system and a natural
drainageway through Cottage Grove that discharges into the Mississippi River. Figure 1
identifies the location of CD -P86 and illustrates its importance to a contiguous District -wide
corridor.
The current landscape adjacent to CD -P86 is dominated by row crop agricultural land. A
conservation easement agreement with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
will protect the area from development and insure the site will be conserved and managed as a
natural area. The purpose of this Natural Resources Management Plan (NRMP) is to establish a
framework for future restoration efforts on portions of the site including areas both inside and
outside of the conservation easement. The plan provides information on the current conditions of
the site, and includes recommendations for site preparation, seeding and planting, wildlife
improvement, maintenance and monitoring, and cost estimates. In addition to natural resource
management this plan identifies location of a proposed Washington County Parks regional trail
connection. This NRMP is tied directly to the DNR Conservation Easement document and
easement area. Data used for the plan include the results of the SWWD Greenway Corridor Plan,
Woodbury Natural Resources Inventory, Cottage Grove Natural Resources Inventory and a
detailed environmental assessment completed for the SWWD Greenway Corridor downstream of
CD -P86.
2. Goals and Objectives
The goal of this NRMP is to develop an ecologically -based Management Plan that improves,
protects and maintains the ecological functions of CDP -86. Specific objectives include:
1. Establish corridor connections between CD -P86 and areas to the north and south. The
northern terminus of the Corridor would link to Lake Elmo Regional Park, and on the south,
would connect with the Mississippi River near the 3M Facility.
2. Reestablish native plant communities representative of those present prior to European
settlement. Target natural communities include oak forest, woodland and savanna, dry prairie,
and wet /mesic prairie and ephemeral wetlands.
3. Enhance wildlife habitat through establishment of plant communities, habitat structures and
connections to other adjacent habitats.
4. Provide open space, passive recreation and environmental education opportunities to present
and future residents of local communities.
5. Improve and maintain natural stormwater functions including: infiltration, groundwater
recharge, rate /volume control, and pollutant and sediment reduction.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
Figure 1 South Washington Watershed District
CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
Site Location Map
I Physical Conditions
The physical conditions of this site include the geology, soils, slopes, aspect, water resources,
hydrogeology, as well as past and current land uses.
A. Geology
The site is dominated by depressions formed by ice block deposits during the retreat of recent
glaciers. Ice blocks broke off of the glaciers and melted to form many of the land - locked
depressions located in this landscape. Beneath these depressions are sand and gravel outwash
deposits. These linear outwash deposits have the potential to infiltrate and convey significant
amounts of stormwater. Bedrock is found at or near the surface south of the Woodbury /Cottage
Grove boundary to the east of the project site.
B. Soils
Soils are predominantly moderately well to well drained silt loams. These soils provide moderate
infiltration, provided that they are not subject to compaction from vehicle use or rain drop impact.
Erosion is a concern, particularly on slopes. Dense vegetative cover provides effective protection
from erosion.
Table 1 summarizes soils identified by the Washington County Soil Survey
Table 1. CD -P86 Soil Survey Data
Map Symbol
Soil Series
Percent Slope
49
Anti go silt loam
0 -2
49B
Anti go silt loam
2 -6
49C
Anti go silt loam
6 -12
120
Brill silt loam
flat
298
Richwood silt loam
0 -2
301B
Lindstrom silt loam
2 -4
449
Crystal Lake silt loam
flat
529B
Ripon silt loam
2 -6
529C
Ripon silt loam
6 -12
C. Topography Slope and Aspect
Slopes on the site are mostly moderate with the lower -most areas having flat topography. The
site runs northwest to southeast with equal portions of the site having northwest and southeast
exposures.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
Figure 2
South Washington Watershed District
CD -P86 NRMP - Soils Survey
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
4. Vegetation
A. Pre - European- Settlement Plant Communities
Prior to European settlement, plant communities were much different from today. According to
Marschner's map of Pre - Settlement Vegetation (Marschner 1974), the site contained a mixture of
"oak openings and barrens" and "dry prairie" vegetation types. Oak openings (oak woodland)
occurred on northeast- facing slopes, while dry prairie occurred on southwest - facing slopes.
Intermediate between these two plant communities, oak savanna occurred.
The following section describes plant communities present before European settlement.
Information for this section is adapted from Minnesota's Native Vegetation: A Key to Natural
Communities. Version 1.5, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Natural Heritage
Program,. 1993 and Natural Resource Inventory data for similar landscape settings in southern
Washington County, Minnesota.
Dry Sand - Gravel Prairie: Dry Prairies (Sand - Gravel subtype) typically occurred
on sandy, well- drained soils of outwash plains and river terraces. These prairies
were often located on south - southwest facing slopes much like the slopes within
the site. Sand - Gravel Prairies in this area were often dominated by relatively
short, sparse grasses and sedges, with a good diversity of forb species. Typical
grasses included little bluestem, side -oats grama and hairy grama, prairie
junegrass, needle grass, plains muhly, prairie dropseed, Wilcox's panic grass,
blue grama, and sand reedgrass. Some widespread, characteristic forbs included
dotted blazing star, pasque flower, prairie golden- aster, stiff sunflower, silky
aster, stiff goldenrod, gray goldenrod, Missouri goldenrod and narrow - leaved
puccoon, as well as rough blazing star, buffalo -bean, silverleaf, Louisiana
sagewort, prairie larkspur, hoary puccoon, prairie smoke, and wood lily. Three
sub - shrubs - leadplant, prairie rose, and wolfberry - were also generally present.
Dry Oak Savanna: Dry Oak Savanna communities were intermediate between
prairie habitats and woodland, and were characterized by widely spaced to
clumped stands of large, spreading bur oak over a ground layer dominated by
prairie species similar to those listed in previous paragraph. Dry Oak Savanna
communities existed on topography such as the moderately sloping south -
southwest facing slopes and well drained soils of this site.
Oak Woodland: Oak Woodlands occurred on dry to mesic sites, similar to the
areas of moderately to well drained substrates found on this site. Typical oak
woodlands contained a patchy tree canopy and an understory dominated by
shrubs and tree saplings. The canopy was typically dominated by bur oak, with
occasional pin oak, white oak, aspen, or paper birch. Canopy species were
relatively short, with a wide, spreading crown and heavy, low branches. The
shrub layer ranged in density from sparse to thicker pockets. Understory forbs
and grasses occurred in moderate abundance, and sometimes scattered prairie
openings occurred with high plant diversity.
Mesic /Dry Oak Forest: Mesic/Dry Oak Forest occurred on more mesic sites, on
north to northeast- facing slopes. Mesic/Dry Oak Forest also occurred in areas
that were historically more woodland, but in the absence of fire, succeeded to a
more closed canopy forest. Common tree species included white, red and bur
oak, and basswood with ironwood, butternut, butternut hickory, black cherry,
paper birch, and red maple in the subcanopy. Shrubs may have included
chokecherry, hazelnut, gooseberry, and other fruiting shrubs. The ground layer
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
frequently included wild grape, Virginia creeper, poison ivy, wild geranium,
black snakeroot and a variety of ferns and spring ephemerals such as round -lobed
hepatica.
B. Existing Plant Communities and Vegetative Cover Types
Plant communities have been greatly altered from pre - settlement conditions. For the most part,
very little native vegetation can be found on the site. Most of site contains agricultural and old
field cover types. The natural plant communities found within the site are generally small,
fragmented patches of oak woodland and savanna. Figure 3 identifies existing vegetation (1997
photo interpretation) on the site.
Following is a brief description of the existing plant communities and vegetative cover types
present on CD -P86.
Agricultural Land (soybeans & corn)
Row crops are established primarily on lower lying flat areas of the site.
Low Quality Dry Oak Savanna
Dominant species include small, shrubby bur oak averaging 6 -8 inches in
diameter with scattered boxelder, green ash and eastern red cedar. Although
native grasses are uncommon, a good diversity of forbs is present including daisy
fleabane, narrowleaf milkweed, stiff goldenrod, wild bergamot, and
thimbleweed. This site contains many characteristic savanna plants including
lead plant, goldenrod and a variety of shrubs. Several invasive exotic shrubs
persist in the understory, including European buckthorn and Tartarian
honeysuckle. Because this site contains a moderate diversity of native savanna
species, it provides excellent oak savanna restoration possibilities.
Old Field
Areas of old field are dominated by smooth brome with very few scattered young
aspen and boxelder. Other species include sheep sorrel, cinquefoil, ragweed, and
bladder campion.
Non - native Dominated Wet Meadow
Several shallow depressions occur within the site that marginally supports
wetland hydrology, soils and vegetation. Vegetation within these depressions is
generally dominated by reed canary grass and stinging nettle.
Pine Plantation
A small strip of red pine is planted along one of the steeper slopes within the site.
Few other plant species occur within this area.
D. Rare Features
There are no known rare features within the project area. Natural Heritage Program data bases do
not show records for threatened, endangered, or special concern species within, or adjacent to,
CD -P86. There are also no records of high quality natural communities identified within CD-
P86. State Endangered Kittentails (Bessya bullii) are known to occur about 2 miles southeast of
the site in a similar type setting. Surveys of the CD -P86 area did not uncover any evidence of
Kittentails. Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus), listed as Threatened in Minnesota, are
known to occur several miles to the south and may utilize old field habitat associated with CD-
P86.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan
0 CD -P86 Site Boundaries
Existing Natural Communities
Corn
Degraded Oak Savanna
Non - Native Wet Meadow
Old Field
Pine Plantation *1997
Soybeans
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 9
C. Site Assessment with Respect to Proposed Plant Communities
Site assessment consists of evaluation of soils, slope, aspect, hydrology and past /present
land uses to define the plant community (ies), best adapted to specific areas of the site.
This assessment is then used to prescribe appropriate site preparation practices and
seeding planting techniques required for successful plant community establishment. As a
general rule, mesic soil conditions prevail on CD -P86 due to predominantly silt -loam
soils. Slopes, which may either increase or decrease soil moisture conditions include
predominantly northwest (more moist) or southeast (less moist) slopes. Based on
personal observations and monitoring of surface water conditions on CDP -85, located
just north of CDP -86, groundwater discharge is not known to occur within the site. Finer
textured soils, however; do exist within depressional areas of the site. These depressions
may contain ponded water for brief periods following spring runoff, but are otherwise
dry. Land use is dominated by agricultural row crop and grassland. Portions of the site
that are now typed as grassland or degraded oak savanna were likely grazed historically,
however; no grazing occurs at the present within the site.
Plant community establishment and future maintenance activities should not interfere
with the function of proposed infrastructure. Likewise, consideration should be given to
such features as trails and access roads; that if planned for properly, can be used as fire
breaks for controlled burns and other plant community maintenance activities.
D. Vegetation Management Recommendations
Vegetation Management Recommendations can be described in three steps:
1. Site Preparation and Plant Community Pre - establishment: Activities that prepare the site for
planting, seeding. Where invasive species occur, control of these species is established prior to
seeding or planting.
2. Seeding and Planting: Seeding and Planting includes a wide variety of approaches that may
include:
a. Encouraging native seed banks or vegetative propagals to establish new native plant
populations.
b. Introduction of tree, shrub, grass and forb seeds though drilling, broadcast, timed as
either dormant or nondormant seeding.
c. Planting bare -root, burlap or containerized trees, shrubs, grasses and forbs.
A. Site Preparation and Plant Community Pre - Establishment
Site preparation and plant community pre - establishment areas are shown in Figure 4. For
individual acreages, please refer to Table 2 in Section 12, Budget and Scheduling.
1. Area I - Agricultural Areas
1.1 Final Crop Harvest
1.2 Invasive Species Control - Herbaceous Species: Apply mid to late May application
of glyphosate herbicide to cool season grass dominated areas. Apply glyphosate or
appropriate selective herbicide during middle to late summer (but before target
species go to seed) to control annual weeds.
1.3 Seedbed Preparation: Following a regimen of herbicide treatments disc site to a
minimum depth of 3 inches.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 10
2. Area II - Old Field
2.1 Invasive Species Control - Herbaceous Species: Apply mid to late May application
of glyphosate herbicide to cool season grass dominated areas. Apply glyphosate or
appropriate selective herbicide during middle to late summer (but before target
species go to seed) to control annual weeds.
2.2 Invasive Species Control — Controlled Burns: Once vegetation has died back and
dried out sufficiently, conduct a controlled burn of all treated areas. If conditions are
too wet or if density of vegetation is not sufficient to carry a burn, mow in place of
the controlled burn.
2.3 Seedbed Preparation: Following a regimen of herbicide treatments, disc site to a
minimum depth of 3 inches.
3. Area III - Degraded Oak Savanna
3.1 Invasive Species Control - Woody Species: Flag all desirable woody species to keep;
cut invasive species targeted for immediate removal from the Degraded Oak
Savanna. Larger trees (DBH > 8 ") shall be girdled or treated with a hypohachet and
left standing. Cutting should be conducted during mid - summer, but prior to
fruit /seed production on buckthorn. All woody material should be inspected to insure
that seed material (primarily buckthorn fruits) are not attached and should be piled
for chipping and mulching. All cut stumps and cuts made to girdle trees should be
treated with a basal application of Garlon -4, or other approved herbicide, within
twenty -four hours of cutting or girdling.
3.2 Invasive Species Control - Herbaceous Species: Apply mid to late May application
of glyphosate herbicide to cool season grass dominated areas. Apply glyphosate or
appropriate selective herbicide during middle to late summer (but before target
species go to seed) to control annual weeds.
3.3 Invasive Species Control — Controlled Burns: Once vegetation has died back and
dried out sufficiently, conduct a controlled burn of all treated areas. If conditions are
too wet or if density of vegetation is not sufficient to carry a burn, mow in place of
the controlled burn.
3.4 Seedbed Preparation: Following a regimen of herbicide treatments disc site to a
minimum depth of 3 inches.
4. Area IV. Wetland Area
4.1 Invasive Species Control - Herbaceous Species: Apply mid to late May application
of glyphosate herbicide to cool season grass dominated areas. Apply glyphosate or
appropriate selective herbicide during middle to late summer (but before target
species go to seed) to control annual weeds.
4.2 Invasive Species Control — Controlled Burns: Once vegetation has died back and
dried out sufficiently, conduct a controlled burn of all treated areas. If conditions are
too wet or if density of vegetation is not sufficient to carry a burn, mow in place of
the controlled burn
4.3 Seedbed Preparation: Following a regimen of herbicide treatments disc site to a
minimum depth of 3 inches.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 11
SW WD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 12
B. Proposed Natural Communities and Seeding/Planting Recommendations
Natural communities proposed for CD -P86 include a rich mosaic of woodland, savanna, prairie,
wetland, and forest. To the degree possible, proposed natural communities are selected to mimic
those natural communities that would be expected to occur based on site characteristics. The
following describes the composition, structure and landscape relationship of each of the natural
communities proposed for the site. Figure 5 depicts the location of proposed natural
communities. Appendix A provides species lists for each natural community.
1. Floodplain Meadow /Mesic Prairie
Floodplain Meadow is proposed for the lower flat area of this site. This area can be subject to
occasional flood events. Most of the floods that have historically occurred are spring floods
resulting from snowmelt runoff and precipitation. During the spring, the site may be under one to
two feet of water, while later in the summer, site conditions may be very dry. The dry /mesic
prairie mix is designed to accommodate both extremes and contains a mixture of warm season
grasses that are generally dormant during spring floods, along with species adapted to more moist
conditions.
Seeding and Planting: For this area, apply cover crop and grass /forb seed mix with Truax Drill or
Trillium Seeder as a dormant fail seeding after soil temperature fall below 54'F. For areas below
the inundation area, apply cover crop and grass /forb seed mix with a Truax Drill in late- spring,
after flooding threat is gone. Apply mulch and anchor with straw crimper.
2. Dry Oak Savanna/Woodland
Dry Oak Savanna/Woodland is proposed for portions of the site with south and west facing
slopes, above the lower flat area. As part of the Oak Savanna/Woodland reclamation, some of the
existing trees and snags will be retained to provide some canopy cover as well as snag habitat for
wildlife.
Seeding - Grasses and Forbs: Apply cover crop and grass /forb seed mix with Truax Drill or
Trillium Seeder. Seeding may be completed as either a dormant seeding or spring seeding.
Apply mulch and anchor with straw crimper. Specific areas marked for seeding oak acorns
should not be planted to prairie grasses and forbs until oak seedlings have had adequate time to
establish themselves.
Seeding - Acorns: Planting acorns provides a cost - effective alternative to seedlings and helps to
establish a more "authentic look" to the oak savanna by creating scattered patches of dense oak
grubs, as opposed to single trees or small groups of trees established from seedlings. Acorns can
be collected locally from Cottage Grove Ravine Park with the help of volunteers. Bur oak and
pin oak acorns should be gathered in the fall. Collected acorns should be soaked in water with
those floating to the surface discarded. Plant acorns two - inches deep, with nuts randomly spaced,
one to two feet apart. Nuts can also be broadcast and then tilled in as part of woodchip mulch,
provided that they are not buried more than two inches deep. Bur oaks, which require cold
stratification, will germinate in the spring, while pin oak will germinate immediately, given
proper soil conditions. Oak acorns should be planted in small, scattered patches and at good
densities. The boundaries of each patch should be permanently marked with fire -proof stakes so
that patches can be relocated. For the first two to three years, competing grasses and forbs should
be weeded to enable the oak seedlings to become established. Once oak seedlings are
established, interseed low- growing oak savanna grasses and forbs into oak seeding area, and oak
seeding areas can be managed with the rest of the site using controlled burns.
Trees and Shrub Planting: Oak trees should be planted at an average rate of 40 trees /acre with an
equal number of white, bur, red, and northern pin oak of local genotype planted. Shrub species
should be planted at a rate of 40 shrubs /acre with shrub planting divided equally among the shrub
species planted. Trees and shrubs should be planted randomly as both individuals and as small
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 13
groups. The density of trees and shrubs should be higher adjacent to edges abutting oak
woodland and lower adjacent to edges abutting prairie. All trees and shrubs should be protected
with hardware mesh enclosures to a height of five feet to protect against deer browsing and rodent
damage. Tubes may also be used for tree seedlings without branches.
3. Mesic/Dry Oak Forest
Mesic/Dry Oak Forest is proposed for the east and north facing slopes. After invasive species are
removed and control established, grasses and forbs can be broadcast seeded and trees and shrubs
interplanted between residual trees.
Seeding and Planting - Grasses and Forbs: Following removal and treatment of invasive
species, broadcast -seed grass and forb seed mix.
Tree and Shrub Planting: Trees and shrubs should be planted randomly at a rate of 75 trees /acre
and 75 shrubs /acre. Shrubs should be distributed across site according to individual species
preference with respect to dryness of soil and /or position on slope. All trees and shrubs should be
protected with hardware mesh enclosures to a height of five feet to protect against deer browsing
and rodent damage. Tubes may also be used for tree seedlings without branches.
4. Wetland
Small ephemeral wetland basins are proposed for the three lowest elevations within CD -P86.
Seeding and Planting - Grasses and Forbs: Following removal and treatment of invasive species
broadcast -seed grass and forb seed mix.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 14
Photo of Existing Low Areas in CD -P86
0
CD-P8
CD-P86 Site Boundaries
Proposed Natural Communities
Dry Oak Savanna[Wood land
Floodplain Meadow
Mesic/Dry Oak Forest KA EMMONS
Wetland "1997 Aerial KIM RESOURCE
Photo
SWWD CD-P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 15
5. Water Resources
The current surface water flow patterns of the area are characterized by discontinuous drainage
patterns and numerous dry depressions. The numerous depressions do not show evidence of
surface overflow on any regular basis. A review of existing topography, soils, geology, and
landscape forms indicates that infiltration and evapotranspiration are the dominant surface water
mechanisms in the hydrologic cycle for the local area.
A. Lakes
There are no lakes in the immediate project area. Bailey Lake is about one mile north of the site
and may in the future contribute surface water to CD -P86. Gables Lake is south of CD -P86 and
currently does not receive surface water from the site area. Cottage Grove Ravine Park Lake is
approximately 4 miles south of the site.
B. Streams
There are no streams running through or adjacent to this site.
C. Wetlands
Three small reed canary grass depressions were identified as part of a natural resource inventory
of the site but they were extremely dry at the time of the survey and do not likely exhibit wetland
hydrology. The SWWD Wetland Management Plan does not identify any wetlands within the
site.
D. Groundwater
Recent drilling indicates subsurface materials are very sandy, typically glacial outwash, which
confirms geologic mapping of the area. The water table encountered in the area of CD -P86 is
relatively deep and does not intersect the surface. The introduction of regional flows into the
study area is still being assessed for the magnitude, timing and duration. The most likely time for
regional overflow to be introduced in this area in significant quantities appears to be in a large
spring snowmelt- runoff event. This area functions as a groundwater recharge area. There are no
springs outletting to the surface of this site.
Groundwater Sensitivity
The Minnesota Geologic Survey has mapped sensitive areas to groundwater pollution as part of
the geologic atlas series. Within the site, the Water Table Aquifer and Prairie du Chien (PdC)
Aquifer are both vulnerable to groundwater pollution. The study area is designated as high
sensitivity. Areas adjacent to the study area are rated as very high sensitivity, specifically near
Gables Lake which is south and east of CD -P86. High groundwater sensitivity in the area is due
to course grained deposits found beneath the surface.
E. Stormwater Quality and Quantity
Past surface water quality monitoring in the District has indicated good water quality in terms of
groundwater recharge waters. Impacts on groundwater quality, if any, are usually associated with
recharge of poorly treated surface waters. The surface waters will be well treated and of good
quality prior to any recharge to the local groundwater system.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 16
F. Water Resource Management Recommendations
The area protected by the DNR easement will serve to improve water resources in the District.
First, the site will be set aside as a natural area producing very little storm water runoff and
functioning as a groundwater recharge area. Significant buffers of natural vegetation will help
protect the site from runoff produced in adjacent areas and help to stabilize the site itself. When
CD -P86 becomes part of the trunk stormwater facility for the District, a considerable amount of
surface water can be retained and infiltrated within the basin. Downstream waterbodies such as
the Mississippi River will benefit from this basin's natural ability to retain and infiltrate
significant volumes of stormwater. Ephemeral wetlands that may form with the additional
volumes of stormwater will be dominated by wet /mesic vegetation and buffered by savanna and
woodland uplands.
Photo of CD -P86 showing Degraded Savanna and Agricultural Land.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 17
6. Wildlife Resources
A. Existing Habitat
Most of the wildlife species currently found within the project area are likely to be well adapted
for open habitat and agricultural areas. Since the diversity of habitat types is very limited, the
project area does not support a wide variety of wildlife species. There is no reliable source of
water within CD -P86 and winter cover is nearly nonexistent. In fact, permanent year -round cover
is extremely limited within the general vicinity.
Wildlife species noted on the nearby Shepard Farm Property (west of the site) include grey fox,
coyote, deer, raccoon, opossum, great- horned owl, red - tailed hawk, downy wood pecker, hairy
woodpecker, mallard, wood duck, blue- winged teal, blue heron and snowy egret. Although many
of these species associate with the forest and wetland habitat on the Shepard Farm site, some of
these species may occasionally travel through the more open, agricultural areas typical of CD-
P86. There are no known listed animals found within the project area and very few within the
general vicinity.
B. Future Habitat
Diversity and quality of wildlife habitat will greatly increase once management activities begin.
Agricultural and exotic /invasive vegetation will be replaced by native vegetation and different
types of natural habitat. Forests, woodlands, savannas, meadows and wetlands will habitat for
many different species of wildlife. See Figure 5 for location and assemblage of natural
communities.
The habitat created will be of significant size to function both as a travel corridor for migrants
and habitat for permanent and seasonal residents. Species requiring interior space will feel safe
within the protected areas of CD -P86 and edge- favoring species will utilize the interface between
adjacent landuses and natural areas. Loggerhead shrikes can be found occasionally within the
project vicinity. The restoration activities proposed as part of this plan may provide habitat for
this rare bird.
C. Wildlife Management Recommendations
A primary objective of these recommendations is to increase abundance and diversity of wildlife
with emphasis on rare and unique species. It is assumed that habitat - generalist species will
continue to exist and will, in all likelihood, increase in numbers. The foundation for wildlife
habitat improvements is reclamation of natural communities. By creating a diverse mosaic of
natural communities that mimic, to the degree possible, historic ecosystems, more habitat niches
will be created for a greater diversity of wildlife. To maximize benefits to wildlife from plant
community reclamation, emphasis is placed on woody and herbaceous species with high value for
wildlife food and cover. Species lists are included in Appendix A for each of the proposed plant
communities.
Following are additional recommendations to improve wildlife habitat:
1. Retain dead /dying snags that are either standing or down. Snags provide excellent habitat
for cavity nesting birds and mammals and support large populations of insects that serve
as an important food source for wildlife.
2. Tree plantings should maximize visual screening for wildlife.
3. Place bird nesting boxes within project area.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 18
7. Adjacent Land Use
Currently most adjacent land consists of agricultural and large lot residential use. To the east of
the site is an old dump, currently within the MPCA VIC program. The site is capped and is no
longer being used for disposal. A large stormwater pumping facility north of the site pumps
water to the large depression (CD -P85) immediately north of CD -P86. The entire basin is owned
by the City of Woodbury and is managed as an infiltration basin. Current land uses do not create
significant conflicts with the proposed natural area other than herbicide drift from adjacent
agricultural fields.
Future use for the area is likely to be primarily residential. As development occurs throughout
the area, more and more pressure will be put on the agricultural lands to convert to homes.
Screening from residences will provide security for wildlife using the area and buffers will
provide protection from stormwater runoff impacts. White- tailed deer residing in the natural area
may become a nuisance for some homeowners if their landscaping plans include delectable
shrubs and forbs.
8. Contaminants
3M manages a VIC (Voluntary Investigation and Cleanup) site located less than one mile east of
CD -P86. Although the site is in close proximity, remediation has not been determined to be
necessary within the CD -P86 site. No evidence of contaminants has been found within the
project area.
9. Infrastructure
Due to agricultural land use, there are no existing recreational facilities or lands in the areas of
Woodbury and Cottage Grove near this site. The majority of the proposed greenway /stormwater
corridor is undeveloped or agricultural. Potential opportunities for the CD -P86 site include
passive recreation and trail connections to active parks and interpretive nature areas.
There are no developed recreational facilities planned with the CD -P86 site except for the
proposed trail. The proposed trail will be developed in accordance with State Aid Minimum
Bicycle Path Standards for Off -Road Bikeways. The trail is expected to be 10' wide bituminous
with a 10 wide mown shoulder.
Stormwater conveyance structures may be necessary within the CD -P86 site. Although not
determined at this time, it may be necessary to construct structures or facilities serving as
regional stormwater conveyance mechanisms. Access roads may also be necessary to construct,
install, maintain and monitor the facilities. The access roads shall be vegetated with an improved
subgrade to support vehicles and be gated to prevent unauthorized entry.
See Figure 6 for a preliminary plan of proposed infrastructure in CD -P86.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 19
5.1 11
S'n
CD -P86 Site Boundaries
Proposed Trail
Proposed Access Road
*1997
'
Storm water Management
Aerialr
°.. En���ons
DoE " "'ER
Infrastructure
Photo
RESOURCES
=- ---
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 20
10. Human Impact Management
Several issues exist, which may potentially conflict with carrying out proposed management
recommendations. Some of these management issues include:
ATV Trails
Several ATV trails exist in the degraded oak savanna area. In addition to causing general
disturbance, these trails create soil compaction and erosion within the degraded oak savanna.
Signage and periodic patrolling may be necessary to prevent ATV use of the area.
Stormwater Uses
Depending on degree of development and frequency of use as a regional stormwater management
facility, this basin may require special Stormwater management practices. Buffers may need to be
maintained and volumes of Stormwater may need to be controlled in order to insure surface water
is managed properly and the capacity of the basin is not exceeded.
Agricultural Uses /Herbicide Drift
Topsoil erosion and herbicide drift are two impacts associated with adjacent agricultural uses.
Dense buffers of tall residual vegetation will help to minimize impacts from both erosion and
herbicide drift.
Proposed Trail Issues
Proposed trails will fragment the site, and provide additional accessibility. Uses such as off -road
biking can cause significant damage to the sensitive natural vegetation and highly erodible soils.
Off -trail hiking can also trample vegetation and cause disturbances to wildlife. Signage and
periodic patrolling will be necessary to insure trail users use the area appropriately.
Wildlife Road Crossings
As the adjacent areas become more developed and CD -P86 becomes an important link in the
SWWD Greenway, wildlife passage through the site will become more prevalent. Currently
wildlife can travel through the undeveloped agricultural areas but once these areas convert to
homes, their travel patterns will be interrupted. They will begin using, almost exclusively, the
greenway corridor. Critical crossings such as County Rd 19 between this site and Gables Lake
will become very hazardous for wildlife and humans traveling in vehicles. Future considerations
should be given to creating a wildlife crossing that provides safe access for wildlife and will
possibly prevent numerous vehicular accidents.
11. Special Resources
The natural depression or valley of the site will provide aesthetically pleasing views from both
the proposed trail and County Rd. 19. The trail will skirt the area providing a panoramic view of
the valley. This natural depression will be revegetated with native vegetation and will be
reminiscent of presettlement communities.
Aside from the geologic formations functioning as a significant regional groundwater recharge
area there are no unique features within the site.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 21
12. Budget and Schedule
Table 2 shows the budget and schedule for vegetation management and reestablishment
activities.
Table 2. Construction Budget and Schedule
SWWD CD -P86 NRMP
Task
Unit
Cost/Unit
Quantity
Cost
Timeline
Area 1- A rcultural Areas
1.1 Final Crop Harvest
Ac
$0.00
59
$0.00
Fall 2002
1.2 Invasive Herbaceous Species Control
Ac
$100.00
59
$5,900.00
Spring 2003
1.3 Seed Bed Preparation
Ac
$100.00
59
$5,900.00
Fall 2003
Area II - Old Field
2.1 Invasive Herbaceous Species Control
Ac
$100.00
35
$3,500.00
Spring 2003
2.2 Controlled Burn
Ac
$100.00
35
$3,500.00
Spring 2003
2.3 Seed Bed Preparation
Ac
$100.00
35
$3,500.00
Fall 2003
Area III - Degraded flak Savanna
3.1 Remove Woody Invasive Species/Apply Herbicide
Ac
$1,000.00
8
$8,000.00
Summer
2003
3.2 Invasive Herbaceous Species Control
Ac
$100.00
8
$800.00
Spring 2003
3.3 Controlled Burn
Ac
$100.00
8
$800.00
Spring 2003
3.4 Seed Bed Preparation
Ac
$100.00
8
1 $800.00
Fall 2003
Area IV - Area
4.1 Invasive Herbaceous Species Control
Ac
$100.00
1
$100.00
Spring 2003
4.2 Controlled Burn
Ac
$100.00
1
$100.00
Spring 2003
4.3 Seed Bed Preparation
Ac
$100.00
1
$100.00
Fall 2003
Planting and Seeding Schedule
Mesic Prairie/Flood lain Meadow - Grasses/Forbs
Ac
$1,500.00
18
$27,000.00
Fall 2003
Dry Oak Savanna/Woodland - Grasses/Forbs /Acorns
Ac
$2,000.00
46
$92,000.00
Fall 2003
Dry Oak Savanna/Woodland - Plant Oak Seedlings,
Trees, Shrubs
Ac
$2,000.00
46
$92,000.00
Spring 2004
Mesic/Dry Oak Forest - Grass/Forb Seeding
Ac
$1,500.00
35
$52,500.00
Fall 2003
Mesic/Dry Oak Forest - Plant Oak Seedlings, Trees,
Shrubs, and Plants
Ac
$2,000.00
35
$70,000.00
Spring 2004
Wetland Areas - Grass/Forb Seeding
Ac
$1,500.00
4
$6,000.00
Spring 2004
Vegetation Management and Establishment Subtotal
$ 372,500.00
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 22
Table 3 shows the annual estimates for construction, monitoring and contract management
through the Spring of 2005.
Table 3. Annual Budgeting Table
fall of 2002
Construction
$0.00
Site Monitoring
$250.00
Subtotal
$250.00
Spring of 2003
Construction
$14,700.00
Site Monitoring
$250.00
Construction Contract Management
$1,500
Subtotal
$16,450.00
Summer of 2003
Construction
$8,000
Site Monitoring
$250.00
Construction Contract Management
$800.00
Subtotal
$9050.00
Fail of 2003
Construction
$181,800.00
Site Monitoring
$250.00
Construction Contract Management
$18,000.00
Subtotal
$200,050.00
Spring of 2004
Construction
$168,000.00
Site Monitoring
$250.00
Construction Contract Management
$16,000.00
Subtotal
$184,250.00
Summer of 2004
Site Monitoring
$300.00
Vegetation Maintenance
$5,000.00
S ubtotal
$5,300.00
Fall of 2004
Site Monitoring
$300.00
Vegetation Maintenance
$5,000.00
Subtotal
$5,300.00
Spring of 2005
Site Monitoring
$300.00
Vegetation Maintenance
$5,000.00
Subtotal
$5,300.00
Total Estimated Costs Through Spring of 2005 $425,950.00
Table 3 shows the total estimated cost to implement the SWWD CD -P86 NRMP is $425,950.
This includes cost for final design, permitting, inspection, plant material and a broad range of
reclamation management practices to be carried out over a period of 4 years.
SW WD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 23
13. Management Authority
Many stakeholders will have interest in the CD -P86 property. South Washington Watershed
District will act as the principle manager of the property but other parties involved include
Washington County, City of Woodbury and City of Cottage Grove. The District will monitor
vegetation on the site to insure restoration activities are successful. As the area becomes part of
the central stormwater management facility for the District, the District is expected to take the
lead role in managing the area in this capacity. County and City management roles will be
primarily related to trails and park/open space management issues. The District will rely on
County and City staff for enforcement of violations within the natural area.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 24
Appendix A. Proposed Natural Community Species Planting Lists
MNDOT 25A Modified (25B)
Wetland and Floodnlain Meadow Seed Mix
Grasses,
Common Name
Botanical Name
% of Mix
Big bluestem
Andro 0 on gerardii
5.00
Brome fringed
Bromus ciliatus
5.00
Blue'oint
Calama rostis canadensis
0.10
Sedge bottle -brush
Carex comosa
1.00
Switch grass wild type
Panicum vir atum
1.00
Sedge tussock
Carex stricta
0.50
Indian grass
Sor hastrum nutans
6.00
Sedge fox
Carex vul inoidea
0.40
Wheat grass slender
Elymus trachyeauhis
6.00
Wild rye vir inia
EI mus vir inicus
6.00
Grass reed manna
Glyceria grandis
0.30
Grass fowl manna
Glyceria striata
0.20
Rye grass annual
Lolium italicum
10.00
Regreen
N/A
42.00
Bluegrass fowl
Poa palustris
5.00
Bulrush green
Scir us atrovirens
0.30
Wool grass
Scir us c erinus
0.30
Bulrush softstem
Scir us vandus
1.00
Prairie cordgrass
S artina pectinata
2.00
Wild rye virginia
Elymus vir inicus
6.00
Forbs
Common Name
Botanical Name
% of Mix
Canada anemone
Anemone canadesis
0.10
Milkweed marsh
Ascle ias incarnata
0.50
Aster new en land
Aster novae -art liae
0.60
Aster swamp
Aster puniceus
0.60
Tick trefoil showy
Desmodium canadense
0.40
Weed 'oe- ye
Eu atorium maculatum
0.40
Boneset
Eu atorium petfoliatum
0.30
Sunflower early (oxeye)
Heliopsis helianthoides
0.70
Blue flag iris
Iris vir inica- schrevi
0.50
Rush common
Juncus eff tsus
0.20
Blazing star meadow
Liatris ligulistylis
0.40
Blazing star prairie
Liatris Pycnostackv
0.40
Great blue lobelia
Lobelia si hilitica
0.10
Monkey flower
Minudus rin ens
0.10
Bergamot
Monarda fisttdosa
0.60
Goldenrod grass - leaved
Solidago gramini olio
0.20
Vervain blue
Verbena hastata
0.50
Ironweed
Vernonia fasciculata
0.20
Culvers root
Veronicastrum vir tnicum
0.10
Golden alexanders
Zizia atnrea
0.40
Black -eyed susan
Rudbeckia hirta
0.60
Total:
100.0
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 25
Dry Oak Savanna/Woodland
MNDOT Modified (5B) - Savanna & Woodland Edge
Seed Mix
co mmon Name
Botanical Name
°I° of Mix
Hyssop, fragrant -giant
Agastache foeniczehon
0.25
Bluestem, big
Andropogon gerardi
5.0
Anemone, Canada
Anemone canadensis
0.25
Milkweed, marsh
Asclepias incarnata
0.25
Milkweed, butterfly
Asclepias tuberoses
0.25
Aster, smooth -blue
Aster laevis
0.25
Aster, large- leaved
Aster macrophyllus
0.25
Milkvetch, Canada
Astragahzs canadensis
0.25
Grama, sideoats
Bouteloua curtipendula
4.0
Wood chess, hairy
Bromus purgans
4.0
Tic-trefoil, showy
Desmodium canadense
0.25
Wild rye, Canada
Elymus canadensis
6.0
Bottle brush grass
Elymus hystrix
2.0
Wheat grass, slender
Elymus trachycaulus
10.0
Wild rye, Virginia
Elymus virginicus
6.0
Sunflower, early
Heliopsis helianthoides
0.25
Lobelia, great -blue
Lobelia siphilitica
0.25
Rye grass, annual
Lolium italicum
10.0
Monkey flower
Minnihis ringens
0.25
Bergamot, wild
Monarda fistulosa
0.25
ReGreen
NA
36.0
Switch grass
Panicum virgatum
2.0
Black -eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
0.25
Golden -glow, wild
Rudbeckia laciniata
0.25
Brown -eyed Susan
Rudbeckia triloba
0.25
Bluestem, little
Schizachyrium scoparium
5.0
Aster, upland -white
Solidago ptarmicoides
0.25
Goldenrod, stiff
Solidago rigida
0.25
Indian grass
Sorghastrum nutans
5.0
Spiderwort, prairie
Trandescantia bracteata
0.25
Vervain, blue
Verbena hastata
0.25
Alexander's, golden IZizia
aurea
0.25
Total:
100.0
bate: 30 lbslacre (33 kg /ha).
Description: Native woodland edge, mix for use on forest .
transition areas. Reaches a height of approximately 36 to 48
inches, This mix can tolerate up to 50% shade.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 26
Dry Oak Savanna[Woodland (continued)
Trees
Common Name
Botanical Name,T1A
S/A
White oak
Quercus alba
10
Northern pin oak
Quercus elli soidalis
10
Bur oak
Quercus macrocar a
10
Red oak
Quercus rubra
10
Basswood
Tilia americana
10
Sandcherry
Total:
40 T/A
Shrubs
Common Name
Botanical Name
S/A
Juneberry
Amelanchier laevis
5
Lead plant
Amor ha canescens
5
New Jersey tea
Ceanothus americanus
5
Gray dogwood
Corpus oemina
5
Hawthorne species
Cratae us spp.
5
Sandcherry
Primus pumila
5
Choke cherry
Prunus virginiana
5
Currantspecies
Ribes spp.
5
Red raspberry
Rubus stri osus
5
Common snowberry
S m horicar os albus
5
Total:
40 S/A
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 27
Mesic/Dry Oak Forest
MNDOT Modified (5B) - Savanna & Woodland Edge Seed Mix
Common Name
Botanical Name ;
% of Mix
Hyssop, fragrant -giant
Agastache foeniculum
0.25
Bluestem, big
Andropogon gerardi
5.0
Anemone, Canada
Anemone canadensis
0.25
Milkweed, marsh
Asclepias incarnata
0.25
Milkweed, butterfly
Asclepias tuberosa
0.25
Aster, smooth -blue
Aster laevis
0.25
Aster, large- leaved
Aster macrophyllus
0.25
Milkvetch, Canada
Astragalus canadensis
0.25
Grama, sideoats
Bouteloua curtipendula
4.0
Wood chess, hairy
Bromus purgans
4.0
Tic - trefoil, showy
Desmodium canadense
0.25
Wild rye, Canada
Elynnis canadensis
6.0
Bottle brush grass
Elynuts hystrix
2.0
Wheat grass, slender
Elynms trachycauhis
10.0
Wild rye, Virginia
Elymus virginicus
6.0
Sunflower, early
Heliopsis helianthoides
0.25
Lobelia, great -blue
Lobelia siphilitica
0.25
Rye grass, annual
Lolium italicum
10.0
Monkey flower
Mimulus ringens
0.25
Bergamot, wild
Monarda fistulosa
0.25
ReGreen
NA
36.0
Switch grass
Panicum virgatum
2.0
Black -eyed Susan
Rudbeckia hirta
0.25
Golden -glow, wild
Rudbeckia laciniata
0.25
Brown -eyed Susan
Rudbeckia triloba
0.25
Bluestem, little
Schizachyrium scoparium
5.0
Aster, upland -white
Solidago ptarmicoides
0.25
Goldenrod, stiff
Solidago rigida
0.25
Indian grass
Sorghastrum nutans
5.0
Spiderwort, prairie
Tiandescantia bracteata
0.25
Vervain, blue
Verbena hastata
0.25
Alexander's, golden
Zizia aurea
0.25
Total:
100.0
Rate: 30 lbslacre (33 kg'/h6).
Description: Native woodland edge mix for use on forest transition
areas. Reaches a height of approximately' 36 to 48:1 nches. This 'mix
can tolerate up to 50% shade.
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 28
Mesic/Dry Oak Forest (continued)
Trees
Common Name
Botanical Name
Trees /Acr
e
Paper bark birch
Betula papyrifera
5
Trembling aspen
Po ulus tremuloides
5
Northern pin oak
Quercus elli soidalis
15
Bur oak
Quercus macrocar a
20
Red oak
Quercus rubra
10
Basswood
Tilia americana
20
Choke cherry
Total:
75 T/A
Shrubs
Common Name
Botanical Name
Shrubs /Acre
Juneberry
Amelanchier laevis
10
Lead plant
Amor ha canescens
5
New Jersey tea
Ceanothus americanus
10
Gray dogwood
Cormis oemina
5
American hazel
Corylus americana
5
Hawthorne species
Cratae us s .
10
Choke cherry
Primus vir iniana
10
Currantspecies
Ribes spp.
10
Red ras be
Rubus stri osus
10
Star - flowered Solomon's seal
Total:
75 S/A
Plants Within Planted Shrubs and Trees
oTrimon Name ° ;
.Botanical Name
PlantslAt re .'
Enchanter's nightshade
Circaea lutetiana
680
False Solomon's seal
Smilacina racemosa
680
Lo seed
Phr ma le tostach a
680
Pointed - leaved tick trefoil
Desmodium ghitinosum
680
Poke milkweed
Ascle ias exaltata
680
Rue anemone
Anemonella thalictroides
680
Shining bedstraw
Galium concinnum
680
Showy goldenrod
Solida o s eciosa
680
Spreading do bane
Apocynum
androsaemi olium
680
Star - flowered Solomon's seal
Smilacina stellata
680
Tall meadow rue
Thalictrum das car um
680
White snakeroot
Eu atorium ru osum
680
Wild geranium
Geranium maculatum
680
Wood anemone
Anemone quinquefolia
680
Woodland sunflower
Helianthus hirsutus
680
Zig-zag goldenrod
Solida o exicaulis
680
Pennsylvania sedge
Carex pensylvanica
10,900
Total:
21,780 P/A
SWWD CD -P86 Natural Resources Management Plan 29
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South Washington Watershed District
Phase 11 2011-2013
0 150 300 600 900 1,200
Phase 11 Prairie Reconstruction 2011 -2013 (25 acres ) Peet
Phase II Woody Invasive Removal 2011 -2013 (5 acres)