HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018-01-09 PACKET 05.D.Cottage
Grove
here Pride and ?c051)erity Meet
TO: Advisory Committee on Historic Preservation
FROM: John M. Burbank, Senior Planner
DATE: January 5, 2018
RE: Jansen Airway Flight Beacon Marker
Introduction
Earlier this summer, there were print and broadcast reports about the airmail flight beacon marker
that can be found on the Jim Jansen farm on the south side of 90th Street, west of Keats Avenue.
Its..
Discussion
Due to the interest in the marker and its history, Mr. Jansen has indicated a desire to have the
marker placed on the City's Register of Historic Sites and Landmarks. The marker and adjacent
area would be considered eligible to be listed on the local register. The City only initiates registra-
tion upon an owner's request. A variety of information and supporting documentation on the
marker are attached to this memorandum. The process for the registration as mandated by the
City Code and practiced by the City is detailed below.
Ordinance Criteria
The ordinance criteria found in the City Code relating to the eligibility and registration of historic
sites and landmarks are identified below:
Advisory Committee on Historic Preservation
Jansen Flight Beacon Marker
January 5, 2018
Page 2 of 2
9-9-4: DESIGNATION OF HISTORIC SITES AND LANDMARKS:
A. Procedures: The city council, upon the request of the advisory committee on historic preservation,
may by resolution designate a historic site, landmark, or historic district. Prior to such designation,
the city council shall hold a public hearing, notice of which shall have been published in a newspaper
of general circulation at least ten (10) days prior to the date of the hearing; notice of the hearing
shall also be mailed to all owners of property which is proposed to be designated as a historic site,
landmark or historic district and to all property owners within one hundred meters (100 m) of the
boundary of the area to be designated. Every nomination shall be forwarded to the Minnesota His-
torical Society for review and comment within sixty (60) days of the advisory committee on historic
preservation's request.
B. Eligibility Criteria: In considering the designation of any area, site, place, district, building or structure
in the city as a historic site or landmark, the advisory committee on historic preservation shall con-
sider the following factors with respect to eligibility:
1. Its character, interest, or value as part of the history or cultural heritage of the city, the state or
the United States;
2. Its association with persons or events that have made a significant contribution to the cultural
heritage of the city;
3. Its potential to yield information important in history or prehistory;
4. Its embodiment of distinguishing characteristics of architectural type or style, or elements of
design, detail materials or craftsmanship; and
5. Its unique location or singular physical appearance representing an established or familiar
visual.
Summary
• The site and its associated purpose are well documented.
• The site is one of the few remaining markers in the country.
• The City's Engineering Division did not identify potential interference of the designated site with
any future road or utility projects along 90th Street.
• The site could be developed into a historic trail interpretation point with the development of the
Jansen property or the improvement of 90th Street.
Given that the marker meets the eligibility criteria and the owner's interest to include it on the City's
Register, it is recommended that the ACHP instigate the process for the listing.
Recommendation
Review, discuss, and make a recommendation.
Airway beacon - Wikipedia
Airway beacon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An airway beacon was a rotating light assembly mounted atop a tower. These were once used
extensively in the United States for visual navigation by airplane pilots along a specified airway
corridor. Approximately 1,500 airway beacons were constructed to guide pilots from city to city,
[1][21 covering 18,000 miles (29,000 km). Most of the beacons are gone, but the State of Montana
continues to maintain several as navigation aids in mountainous terrain. [31 One beacon is
preserved for historical purposes in Saint Paul, Minnesota[41 at the Indian Mounds Park on a bluff
overlooking the Mississippi River. Recently, the beacon at Grants, New Mexico was restored for
historic preservation, using original items found at other nearby sites. [51
A large concrete slab, in the shape of an arrow, was located near the base of each beacon. Many
of these arrows remain today, some of which are visible from satellite pictures, even in urban
settings. [61
Contents
■ 1 Light characteristics
■ 1.1 White rotating beacon
■ 1.2 Red or green course lights
■ 2 History
■ 3 See also
■ 4 References
■ 5 External links
Light characteristics
An airway beacon has two distinct light characteristics: A revolving narrow white light beam
about 5 degrees wide in azimuth and a set of fixed colored course lights of about 15 degrees
width.[71
White rotating beacon
Pagel of 3
Illustration of Airway beacon, showing
designated number. In this example, for
units digit "1 ", Morse code should be
Remnants of Transcontinental Air Mail
Route Beacon 37A, atop a bluff in St.
George, Utah, with concrete arrow
indicating the direction to the next
beacon
The rotating beacon features a 24 inch (6 10 mm) parabolic mirror and a 110 -volt, 1 kilowatt lamp. [71 spinning at 6 rpm, creating a quick
1/10 second flash every 10 seconds. In clear weather they could be seen for 40 miles (64 km).[7][e1 Montana took steps to modernize their
beacons encasing newer light systems in clear domes.191
Red or green course lights
Just below the white beacon, a set of red or green course lights point along each airway route. Red lights denote an airway beacon
between landing fields while green denotes a beacon adjacent or upon a landing field. [71 These course lights flash a Morse code letter
identifying the beacon to the pilot. Each beacon is identified with a sequential number along the airway, and flash the red or green course
lights with the Morse code ID of one of 10 letters: W, U, V, H, R, K, D, B, G or M. The letters represent the digits of 1 through 10 (W =
1, ..., M = 10).[71 The course lights turn on for 0.5 second for a dot, 1.5 second for a dash with a 0.5 second between each dot or dash. A
pause of 1.5 seconds separates each letter.[10]
https:Hen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway—beacon 8/16/2017
Airway beacon - Wikipedia
Page 2 of 3
To help remember the letters and their sequence number, pilots memorized the following: "When Undertaking Very Hard Routes, Keep
Direction By Good Methods." The beacons are depicted on navigation charts along with their number and Morse code pattern. For
example, beacon number 15 would have a code digit of 5 (the units digit), hence the letter R, and Morse code: "dit dah dit" 11
History
Airway beacons were constructed by the Post Office and the Department of Commerce between
1923 and 1933.181 The Low Frequency Radio Range system began to replace this visual system in
1929.181 The last visual airway beacon was supposedly shut down in 1973,181 but some airway .
beacons are still operating in Western Montanal121 and are charted on the Great Falls sectional 1!
chart. [131 They are maintained by the Montana Department of Transportation Aeronautics
Division. 1121
See also
■ Lighted airway
References
1. "Airway Beacons List - Eastern
US" (https://web. archive. org/web/20120130101200/http://surveymarks.
Roger Barnes. Archived from the original
(http://surveymarks.planetzhanna.com/airway beacons east.shtml) on 30 January 2012
Minnesota, built in 1929 and restored in
the 1990s. It sits on top of a 110 -foot
Retneved 4 April 2012. (34 m) steel tower in Indian Mounds
2. "Airway Beacons List - Western Park.[4]
U.S." (https://web. archive. org/web/20120130101544/http://surveymarks.planetzhanna.com/airway beacons west.shtml).
Roger Barnes. Archived from the original
(http://surveymarks.planetzhanna.com/airway beacons west.shtml) on 30 January 2012.
Retrieved 4 April 2012.
3. Savage, Jason. "Airway Beacons" (http://jasonsavagephotography.com/tag/airway-
beacons/). Retrieved 5 April 2012.
4. Cosimini, Greg (1999-07-09). "Indian Mounds Park "Airway"
Beacon" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080124055432/http://www.tc.umn.edu/--cosim001/beacon.html).
University of Minnesota. Archived from the original
(http://www.tc.umn.edu/-cosim001/beacon.html) on 2008-01-24. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
5. At least one beacon to be fully restored as a local museum.beacon buildings
(http://www.cibolahistory.org/aviation-heritage-museum.html) Archived
(https: //web. archive. org/web/20130930053323/http: //www. cibolahistory. org/aviation-
heritage-museum.html) 2013-09-30 at the Wayback Machine.
6. Aviation Navigation Arrows in Washington County, Utah[l]
(http://wchsutah.org/aviation/navigation-arrows.php)
7. Wood, Charles. "How it Began" (http://www.navfltsm.addr.com/howitbegan.htm). Charles
Wood. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
8. "The Evolution of Airway Lights and Electronic Navigation
Aids"(http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Government Role/navigation/POL13.htm).
U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived
(https://web.archive.org/web/20070930032413/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Government Role/navigation/POL13.htm)
from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-28.
9. Spivey, Brenda (1993). Airway Beacons, an Integral Part of Montana's Night VFR
Navigational System: Past History, Present Service and Present Value
(http://www.eaa5l7.org/newsletters/AirwayBeacons.pdf) (PDF). Embry Riddle
Aeronautical University. p. 21.
10. FAA Advisory Circular Number 170/6850-1. FAA. 1968.
11. Majors, Beverly (July 7, 2009). 'Beacon House was part of changes in air
transportation" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025422/http://www.oakridger.com/columnists/xl35741391/Beacon-
House-was-part-of-changes-in-air-transportation). Associated Press. Oak Ridge, TN:
OakRidger.com. Archived from the original
(http://www.oakridger.com/columnists/Xl35741391/Beacon-House-was-part-of-changes-
in-air-transportation) on September 28, 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-21.
https:Hen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway-beacon 8/16/2017
Airway beacon - Wikipedia
12. "Aviation in Montana" (http://www.mdt.mt.gov/aviation/beacons.shtml). Montana
Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2012-02-21. "Today, Montana is the only state
that still utilizes part of this historic network through our rugged western mountains.
Division personnel climb and maintain approximately 19 of these beacons on a regular
schedule, also providing ownership and ground leases for their operation."
13. Rogan, Michael (2011). Airway Support Officer. "All of our airway beacons and the
associated code are listed on any current Great Falls sectional[...]"
External links
Page 3 of 3
■ "Arrows Across America; Transcontinental Air Mail Routes"(http://www.dreamsmithphotos.com/arrow/arrows.html)
Retrieved from "https:Hen.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airway beacon&oldid=788778745"
■ This page was last edited on 3 July 2017, at 12:44.
■ Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you
agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-
profit organization.
https:Hen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airway—beacon 8/16/2017
Beacon on the Bluff I Saint Paul Historical Page 1 of 3
BEACON ON THE BLUFF
By STEVE TRIMBLE
it travel was changing from a novelty to a serious form of transportation by the 1920's. The feder-
al government supported this new industry by paying to have planes deliver mail. Over 600 airway
beacons were constructed by the post Office and the Department of Commerce between 1923 and 1933
to help pilots find their way on night flights by following lights from city to city.
In 1929, a one hundred foot high steel tower for an airway beacon was constructed in Indian Mounds
Park a little west of Earl. It was designed to light the route between St. Paul and Chicago, and ever since
has been a local landmark. Ironically, in that same year, low frequency radio range system began to re-
place the visual system.
The rotating beacon features a twenty -four -inch mirror with a one kilowatt lamp mirror that spins at six
revolutions per minute. The pilots of old and people in the park today see a flash every ten seconds. In
clear weather they could be seen for forty miles. The Smithsonian wanted to move the Indian Mounds
Park beacon- the last of its kind- still standing- to their museum back east but it's still here. The lamp
still works and revolves, bringing its light to the surrounding neighborhood.
People were fascinated with the development of flight and according to a newspaper, "large crowds of
onlookers throng the bluffs overlooking the airport." On June 24, 1929 they gathered near the park to
gaze at a plane. Unfortunately, it was a Northwest Airlines passenger/air mail plane that had lost power
and crashed near the intersection of Mounds Boulevard and River and today's Wilshire Street. The veter-
an pilot died in the initial impact and the plane caught fire, but all of the seven passengers escaped.
The beacon was restored between 1994 and 1995. The revolving light was taken down and refurbished. A
modern red and white color scheme on the tower was stripped off and was replaced by the original black
and chrome yellow color scheme was restored. An interpretive marker now sits near Mounds Boulevard
and, after more than seven decades, the spinning light continues illuminating the bluff above the St.
Paul Airport across the river.
IMAGES
Vintage Postcard. Airway Beacon is pictured to the right. Date: Unknown
Date: May, 2013 Photo by: Kimmy Tanaka
http://saintpaulhistorical.com/items/show/22 8/16/2017
Beacon on the Bluff I Saint Paul Historical
-Im
11
}4eTFh
Photo by: Tony Andrea, East End Productions
Page 2 of 3
Indian Mounds Park Photographer: St. Paul Daily News Date: Approximately 1930 Image courtesy
of Minnesota Historical Society
A couple looking towards downtown Saint Paul from Indian Mounds Park. Airway Beacon in the
background. Photographer: August E. Hansen Date: Approximately 1935 Image courtesy of Min-
nesota Historical Society
http://saintpaulhistorical.com/items/show/22 8/16/2017
Beacon on the Bluff I Saint Paul Historical
JJLs * —
Page 3 of 3
People were fascinated with the development of flight and according to a newspaper, "large
crowds of onlookers throng the bluffs overlooking the airport." On June 24, 1929, they gathered
near the park to gaze at a plane. Unfortunately, it was a Northwest Airlines passenger/air mail
plane that had lost power and crashed near the intersection of Mounds Boulevard and River Street
(today's Wilshire Street). The veteran pilot, Edwin H. Middagh died in the initial impact and the
plane caught fire, but all of the seven passengers escaped. Photographer: Paul F. Wright, North-
western Photographic Studio, Inc. Date: June 24, 1929 Image courtesy of Minnesota Historical So-
ciety
4
Date: May, 2013 Photo by: Kimmy Tanaka
http://saintpaulhistorical.com/items/show/22 8/16/2017
i
.. -
' I /` � # _ 1� , �� f•S' - tea. ��b A� �,...
it �' � ��•'�� i ��
}fir � � • ,��
I4 -.
Fiwww
-T - -
- - , �- _ •t - _ �-� � Y_'.� . _�� _ - ' yrs-... �- .,, �--
'
_
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 1 of 27
e U -S,, ,,airmail Beacon
a
Scattered across the United States are a network of mysterious concrete
arrows. They are often found in remote locations or areas difficult to access.
Some will be accompanied by a small shack, a few have a metal tower affixed to
their base. Many are in good condition while others have succumbed to nature.
The shape and direction of the arrows vary, but it is clear they served the same
purpose.
The purpose was important: helping early pilots navigate U.S. transcontinental
flights at night.
In a era before radar, pilots used ground-based landmarks for guidance. This
solution worked for flight during the day, but grounded pilots at night. Before
long, a system of beacons was established across the United States to guide
airmail pilots around-the-clock. When radar and radio communications made the
beacons obsolete years later, most were torn down or abandoned.
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 2 of 27
Early Airmail Beacon Route Map circa 1924. (does not include later spur routes)
History
In the mid -19th century the Wild West was largely unexplored. There was no
infrastructure and very little law governing the land. Understandably, coast-to-
coast message delivery was nonexistent. It was not until a gold discovery in
1848 that California became the destination for tens of thousands from the east.
The trip across the country was arduous, dangerous, and could take anywhere
from three to six weeks.
By 1860, the Pony Express revolutionized
transcontinental mail by offering delivery in about ten
days. Nearly unheard-of at the time, this was faster
than the more volatile southern route favored by
others.
Knowledgeable frontiersmen would race across the
country on horseback, covering vast distances in
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting
shorter times. While the Pony Express was significant
in that it proved the northern/central mail route was
possible, it was inefficient compared to stagecoach
lines. Higher costs and poor economies of scale
would see the Pony Express fail to win the mail
contract beyond its first year of operation.
Page 3 of 27
Airmail beacon in Omaha,
Nebraska (circa 1920s)
A year later, the threat of civil war descended upon the country and resources
were diverted to the conflict. When the transcontinental telegraph line was
completed in 1861, it immediately rendered the Pony Express obsolete.
In the late 19th century, reliability of mail delivery improved - but not its speed.
It was not until the invention of the airplane that intercontinental mail delivery
witnessed its next major breakthrough.
(Click thumbnails to enlarge)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 4 of 27
Early Aviation & Airmail
The Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903, and it
wasn't long before pilots adopted air transport for mail
delivery.
By 1911, Fred Wiseman had conducted an unofficial
airmail flight carrying three letters from Petaluma to
Santa Rosa, California.
The next day, a large exhibition orchestrated by Sir
Walter George Windham in British India made the first
official airmail flight. Windham used the event to
generate publicity and raise money for charity. His pilot,
vintage airmail advertisement Henri Pequet, would fly just over 8 miles from Allahabad
to Naini to deliver 6,500 letters.
It wasn't until three years later the range capability of mail delivery aircraft was
really tested. In July of 1914, French pilot Maurice Guillaux carried Australian
mail 584 miles from Melbourne to Sydney - at the time the longest such flight
in the world.
By 1918 the east coast of the United States had limited airmail service. Two
years later, a North American transcontinental airmail route was finally
established. On August 20th, 1920 - sixty years after the Pony Express - rapid
delivery made a return to the U.S.
Beacon Tower System
Aircraft of the era lacked the advanced electronics
for navigation during night flights or through
inclement weather. Long before the advent of
radio guidance or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR),
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 5 of 27
pilots were limited to visual guidance, using
landmarks to chart the route.
Flying at night was out of the question; bad
weather and limited flight times meant delivery
was limited and still spotty in frequency. The Airmail beacon tower design
service was indeed faster, but it lacked flexibility
and reliability of operations.
By 1924 the Postal Service developed a solution that was effective, if not
elegant.
A system of ground-based navigation beacons extending
from New York to San Francisco would help pilots fly
across the country at night and ultimately be the world's
first such system.
The early iterations of the system used approximately
1,500 airmail beacons, each constructed roughly between
3 and 5 miles apart. The beacons featured a 50 -foot
tower with rotating lights placed on top of concrete
foundations in the shape of giant arrows measuring
between 50 and 70 feet long. To increase visibility of the
concrete arrows, they were painted bright yellow.
The first towers contained acetylene -gas powered lights which were fed by fuel
stored in a shed at the base. At the top of the towers, a rotating beacon with
5,000 candlepower and would flash every ten seconds.
In clear weather the beacon lights could be seen
for 10 miles (16 km). Below the main white
beacon, a secondary set of red and green lights
would flash a Morse Code letter to identify the
beacon to pilots.
To accommodate for emergencies, intermediate
landing fields were established every 25 miles
along the route. The fields were constructed with
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 6 of 27
rotating incandescent electric lights mounted on
50 -foot towers set to sweep six times per minute.
These less -common emergency field beacons were
visible up to 75 miles away.
The program was an immediate success and continued to expand throughout its
operational life. By the end of the first year the airmail service had 18 terminal
airfields, 89 emergency airfields, and more than 500 beacon lights in operation.
(Click thumbnails to enlarge)
Rapid Growth Until Obsolete
In 1926 management of the beacon system was turned
over to the Department of Commerce, which continued
expansion or the airmail beacon system until 1929.
As technology improved, so did the towers. Later versions
on spur routes were built 10 miles apart and equipped with
stronger beacon lights - up to one million candlepower -
making them reportedly visible up to 40 miles in clear
weather.
But by the 1930s, navigation and radio technology had improved to allow flight
without land-based visual guidance. The Low Frequency Radio Range (LFRR)
system began to replace older visual -based systems. The airmail beacon
program would continue to operate full-scale until 1933, when technology
advancements and the higher cost of operation during the Great Depression -
finally rendered it obsolete.
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 7 of 27
After the program was de -funded, various beacons would continue to operate in
limited capacities into the 1940s. At that time, the Department of Commerce
decommissioned and disassembled the towers for their steel, a resource in short
supply and desperately needed to support the war effort.
The last airway beacon was officially shut down in 1973, although the Montana
Department of Transportation Aeronautics Division reportedly continues to
operate around 19 updated beacons in the mountains of Western Montana.
U.S. Airmail Beacon Lamps, Un -restored and Restored
(Click thumbnails to enlarge)
Watch: Restored U.S. Airmail Beacon lamp rotates
Today
Ninety years later, most of the towers have been dismantled. Many of the sites
are long gone, victims of war, infrastructure growth, and aggressive private
developers. During World War II, numerous concrete arrows were destroyed as
well - so as to not help enemy pilots visually navigate the country.
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 8 of 27
Still, hundreds of the arrows remain. But today they lack the bright yellow paint,
and the cracks in the concrete worsen with each winter freeze. Arrows on top of
mountains are safe for now, but several along the highways have already been
lost to redevelopment.
airmail beacon system concrete arrow
Mapping
For the explorers out there, Sometimes Interesting has compiled a list with map
links to locations with visible remains from the original airmail beacon system.
This list is not meant to be comprehensive, but it does include many of the
locations still visible today. (List is continually updated as submissions are
received) :
[ Listed alphabetically by state: number of locations identified ]
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 9 of 27
Arizona: 1
• West of Phoenix, Arizona, the remains of beacon #33 of the Los Angeles -
Phoenix Airway are crumbling. The concrete arrow is no longer visible, but the
radio tower remains - albeit in poor condition. S -I reader C. Alexander Leigh
visited the beacon and shared his Flickr photo set which contains an excellent
collection of images of the collapsing tower. (photo below courtesy C.
Alexander Leigh)
Beacon #33 of the LA-PHX route (courtesy C. Alexander Leigh)
California: 9
• On Black Mountain, in between Hornbrook and Yreka, the
remains of an arrow are still visible underneath some shrubs
(beacon number unknown, courtesy S -I reader David Callahan).
• S -I Reader Art Wilson tells us of the beacon tower at the
airport in Blythe, California, which used to be at an emergency
landing strip in Goffs, California, west of Needles (pictured at
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 10 of 27
right, courtesy Art Wilson). Art elaborates: "When the Goffs
strip was dismantled in 1936, the beacon was moved to Blythe,
but at a different location from the current site." Recently some $6,000 was
spent on its renovation.
• The concrete arrow of the former MX1095 Beacon can be seen just east of the
airport in Montague, California.
• The remains of a beacon power shed are keeping a concrete arrow company
tucked away in the hills off I-15 in San Bernardino County, California not far
from Halloran Summit. (photos above courtesy S -I readers Paula and Travis
Cottrill. Beacon number unknown)
• Beacon 14A is still overlooking US -80 in the Tahoe National Forest in
California. The concrete arrow is gone, but the tower remains. A newer building
has replaced the generator shed next to the tower.
• Little other than the tower's foundation of Beacon 5 is still visible in Vacaville,
California.
• A two -arrow, two -tail beacon is vandalized, but visible in Walnut Creek,
California. (courtesy S -I reader Bob Simmons, beacon number unknown)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 11 of 27
• About five miles east of the Manzanita
Reservation and ten miles north of Interstate 8 in
Southern California, the collapsed remains of the
generator shed from Airway Beacon 5 of the San
Diego - Tucson Airway are still visible. (courtesy
S -I reader James Martin, Airway Beacon 5, photo
at right)
• North of Weed, California the remains of a concrete arrow are on private
property, but still visible. (courtesy S -I reader Corey Scysen, beacon number
unknown)
Connecticut: 1
• The remains of a concrete arrow have recently been discovered and are
undergoing restoration at Bethany Airport, CT (pictured below, Courtesy S -I
reader Mark Scott). Thanks to Ray Hawkins, we know the Bethany arrow
""Bethany CAA 9 - 2000x1375 - irregular shaped; 1.25 miles north of town and
9 miles north of New Haven; In the 1927 Airway Bulletin No. 78, listed as CAA
site 9, and as an irregular shape and supported the New York to Boston airway."
Arrow at Bethany Airport, CT (photo courtesy Mark Scott)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 12 of 27
Ray offered the airfields database site as a suggestion for additional resources,
as well as this excellent write-up about Bethany Airport for further reading.
Georgia:1
• The last surviving airway beacon in Georgia is five miles east of Cartersville,
Georgia, the remains of the Atlanta -Nashville route's Beacon #3 concrete arrow
have been preserved and were dedicated in a ceremony on October 7th, 2016.
The arrow is not publicly accessible nor is it visible from Satellite view, hidden
under a canopy of trees in the Waterside Estates gated community just off
Arrow Mountain Drive. (Beacon #3 of the Atlanta -Nashville Airway, courtesy S -I
reader Nancy Reeves & Michael Suter)
Idaho: 4
• There are a host of arrows which have been
discovered around Boise, Idaho. A concrete arrow
just off Interstate 84 about 25 miles SE of town is all
that remains of Beacon 27. (photo at right and
below).
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 13 of 27
S -I reader Glen Smallwood told us about three other Beacon 27 (courtesy Glen
beacons SE of Boise: Beacon 26 is near Mountain Smallwood)
Home municipal airport, while the tower is all that's
left from Beacon OZ1042 at the entrance to the airport. On the SE side of Boise
is Beacon 29.
Beacon 27 in Idaho (photo courtesy Mike Berriochoa)
• A complete beacon is intact and visible in
Dubois, Idaho. This location sits near a 4,750 foot
gravel runway which is open to the public. This
beacon still has its tower and accompanying power
shack, although the equipment inside is long
gone. (Beacon number unknown, ID & photo at
right courtesy from S -I reader Jerry Muller.)
Dubois, Idaho airmail beacon tower &
• A complete beacon shack and tower are still shed
standing in Malad City, Idaho. The concrete arrow
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 14 of 27
is no longer visible, perhaps paved over, but the shack is sealed and appears to
still be in use.
This beacon is located on an open public airport. (Beacon
number unknown, ID & photo at right courtesy from S -I
reader Jerry Muller).
• The concrete arrow by Strevell Road near the
Idaho/Utah border is clearly visible along with the
foundations of other facilities, now gone (beacon number
unknown) .
Illinois:1
• The faint outline of a concrete arrow is hidden in
some corn fields just off German Road in Steward,
Illinois. NOTE: The arrow isn't visible unless the
corn has been recently harvested (courtesy S -I
reader Jeremy Nesemeier, Omaha -Chicago
Airway, beacon number 31 or 33, photo at right
courtesy Erik Croy) .
Indiana: 4
Malad City, Idaho airmail
beacon
• Between Moscow and Milroy the remains of a concrete arrow are still in good
condition, about 15 miles east of Shelbyville in Indiana (part of Cincinnati -
Indianapolis Airway, beacon number unknown, courtesy S -I reader Marvin
Runge).
• A concrete arrow from beacon sits in good condition at Shelbyville Municipal
Airport (KGEZ), about 25 miles southeast of Indianapolis in Indiana (part of
Cincinnati -Indianapolis Airway, beacon number unknown).
• About six miles east of Shelbyville on E 100 N, the
remains of a concrete arrow are visible on Google
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 15 of 27
Streetview (part of Cincinnati -Indianapolis Airway, beacon
number unknown, courtesy S -I reader Marvin Runge).
• Just west of Underwood, Indiana, the remains of a
beacon are well -hidden deep in the forest. Only the tower
remains, and it is mostly hidden by the trees (part of
Indianapolis -Louisville airway, beacon number unknown,
photo at right courtesy S -I reader John Barthold).
Thanks to S -I readers Denver Alt, Darwin milkman, Jesse Finney, and Aaron
Stephenson, who made the trek out to the Underwood beacon in June of 2017
and sent us the photos below. Denver says "The tower is still climbable and
the decking is intact... The pad for the generator station has been broken up,
and there is no longer evidence of the arrow. It looks like they broke up the
pad with a sledge and let nature take its course... Interestingly, we found the
remains of several light bulbs. It seems to reason that the guy why climbed up
there to change them just chucked the old ones off the top... Tower measures
50' and has 39 rungs of ladder to the top that each has 15" of spacing between
them.
Kansas: 2
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 16 of 27
• Just outside of Anthony, Kansas the remains of a
concrete arrow and a beacon tower are visible near
the entrance to the municipal airport (beacon
number unknown, identification & photo at right
courtesy S -I reader Becky McClintock).
• About 10 miles southwest of Wichita, Kansas, the remains of a concrete arrow
from the Amarillo - Kansas City route sit less than 50 feet off West 87th Street
S (beacon number unknown, courtesy S -I reader Randy @ LocoJoe.com)
Minnesota: 2
• The concrete arrow of Beacon 33 is still visible in Cottaae Grove, Minnesota It
is even visible in street view.
• A restored tower is on display in Indian Mounds Park of St. Paul, Minnesota.
This 1929 example has recently been re -painted to its original black & yellow
livery. (courtesy S -I reader Gerald Kackman, detailed information about this
beacon can be found here)
Missouri: 1
• Near Hickory, Missouri, the remains of Amber Airway 4, Beacon 7's tower can
be seen in the Nodaway Valley Conservation Area.
• In Tarkio, Missouri, the tower from a former beacon sits in the front yard of
Congressman Sam Graves, just off State Highway O (the tower is visible in
Google Streetview, courtesy Sam Graves).
Nevada: 10
• The faint outline of a concrete arrow and generator shack is still visible
in Buffalo Valley, Nevada (beacon number unknown), near Battle Mountain. Of
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 17 of 27
note at this particular site is the former emergency airfield in the shape of a
giant triangle.
Thanks to S -I reader Mike Herberth, we know that
the airfield's tower is now gone, but just south of
the arrow the foundation and some metal work
from the beacon tower remain. Runways of the
emergency airfield were marked with concrete
curbs and metal cones, some still visible. The
airfield itself is visible from Google satellite view
(pictured at right), however due to overgrowth
it is not as visible on the ground.
• Ten miles west of Mesquite in the desert of Clark County, Nevada, the remains
of a concrete arrow are still visible (courtesy S -I reader Steven Belknap, beacon
number unknown).
• Just outside of Fernley, Nevada sits a Ione beacon
tower missing the concrete arrow and generator shed
(pictured at right courtesy S -I reader Ken Nussear,
beacon number unknown).
• A concrete arrow is visible off Old Highway 40 near
Golconda, Nevada (beacon number unknown).
• In Humboldt county, Nevada, the remains of an
angled concrete arrow sits halfway between the
Golconda and Winnemucca beacons (beacon number
unknown, courtesy S -I reader Richard Woods).
Airmail beacon in Fernley,
• In Lovelock, Nevada, another concrete arrow can be Nevada
seen (beacon number unknown).
• Up on Beacon Hill Road in the Moapa Valley region of Nevada, a concrete
arrow is still visible (photos be/ow courtesy Scott Alvar, beacon number
unknown) .
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 18 of 27
• There is a right-angle concrete arrow, originally from Beacon 50, still visible in
Montello, Nevada.
• Just outside the Toiyabe National Forest in Reno, the remains of an eastward -
facing concrete arrow can be seen in the mountains south of town. (courtesy S -I
reader Mark Walker, beacon number unknown)
• The well-preserved tower of airway Beacon 32 is still in use at Winnemucca
Municipal Airport in northern Nevada. You can even see this pristine example in
street view. (No concrete arrow or generator shed)
New Mexico: 7
• A concrete arrow is all that is left of Beacon 68 just west of Albuquerque, New
Mexico (pictured below).
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 19 of 27
Airway Beacon 68 in New Mexico (photo courtesy Justin Rushde)
• The faint remains of a concrete arrow can be seen in the defunct municipal
airfield in Columbus, New Mexico (beacon number unknown).
• The generator shed is all that's left of Beacon 61
in the mountains of Grants, New Mexico. The tower
and concrete arrow may be gone, but you can still
see ""61" on the roof of the shed.
• Visit the Aviation Heritage Museum of the Grants -
Milan Airport in New Mexico to see Beacon 62
(originally located in Bonita Canyon) restored to its
original 1930s appearance, complete with painted
tower and corresponding generator shack.
(pictured at right).
• Two miles northwest of Seama, New Mexico. the The Aviation Heritage Museum of the
concrete arrow of Beacon 64 sits behind Flower Grants -Milan Airport in NM has
restored this airway beacon (picture
Mountain, not far from Interstate 40. courtesy cibolahistory.org)
• Between Trinidad, Colorado and Raton, New Mexico, a complete shack & tower
sits in relatively good condition, however there is no
concrete arrow. (If anyone has any information behind
the absence of an arrow at this location, let us know).
EI Paso Puebla Airway Beacon 45 (pictured at right).
(addition & photo courtesy S -I reader Marc @
Skymachines, com)
• About fifteen miles west of Wagon Mound, New Mexico, the tower is all that
remains of Beacon 37 of the Denver -Albuquerque Airway. (courtesy S -I reader
Brian King)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 20 of 27
Ohio:1
• The Newark -Heath Airport in Ohio has the well-preserved example in Beacon 2
of the Columbus -Philadelphia route, circa 1933 (courtesy S -I reader Chris
Little).
S -I reader and EAA #402 member Barney Kemter is restoring this beacon. He
has already restored and painted the arrow (see below). He also has plans to
re -paint the generator shed (with ""C -P" on the roof) and eventually add a
historical marker. Barney tells us Beacon #2, which dates to 1930, is the last
remaining arrow on the CAM #34 (Columbus to Philadelphia) route. Flights
started October 25th, 1930, by Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT). Barney
also revealed the concrete arrows were placed, not poured.
photos courtesy Barney Kemter
Oregon: 6
• Just above Grants Pass, Oreaon, the remains of a concrete arrow are still
visible. A radio tower on site is currently being used by KFMJ-FM (courtesy S -I
reader Eric Steinbrenner, beacon number unknown).
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 21 of 27
• There's a concrete arrow off a dirt road in Meacham, Oregon (beacon number
unknown) .
• The remains of a concrete arrow from Seattle -San
Francisco route's Beacon 40A are still visible in the
mountains above Myrtle Creek, Oregon (courtesy
S -I reader Eric Steinbrenner).
• A restored beacon tower is part of a protected
monument in Rocky Butte Natural Area of Portland,
Oregon (beacon number unknown, courtesy S -I
reader Scott Kessler).
• Above Roseburg, Oregon the concrete arrow is all
that remains of Beacon 40B from the Seattle -San
Francisco route, in the foothills above the I-5 Arrow near Wolf Creek, Oregon
corridor (courtesy S -I reader Eric Steinbrenner).
• A modern antenna system has been built on top of an old concrete arrow in
Wolf Creek, Oregon. (find & pictured above right courtesy S -I reader Pat
Elliott, beacon number unknown)
South Carolina: 2
• Near Effinaham, South Carolina the concrete pad of Beacon J R 281 circa 1935,
is reportedly still present albeit overgrown by vegetation (courtesy S -I reader
Chris Little).
• Between Reidville and Woodruff, South Carolina, there lies a
very visible arrow from Beacon 14, originally of the Atlanta
-New York line and circa 1935. The arrow is also clearly visible
in Google Street view (courtesy S -I reader Chris Little, picture
at right courtesy Melton B.)
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 22 of 27
Texas: 4
• The concrete arrow and generator shed at Delaware Springs Intermediate
Field are still visible, deep in remote Texas. Read more about Delaware Springs
Field here.
Concrete arrow barely visible at Hudspeth Intermediate Field
• About 55 miles east of EI Paso in the middle of nowhere, Texas, the concrete
arrow of Hudspeth Intermediate Field barely pokes out of the brush (pictured
above). Hudspeth was constructed in the 1930s by the Department of
Commerce for emergency use by airlines, but hasn't been used in half a
century.
• The concrete arrow from Salt Flat Intermediate Field is barely visible in lonely
Salt Flat, Texas. This emergency landing field was another product of the
Department of Commerce in the 1930s. This page has more detail on the now -
defunct Salt Flat Intermediate Field.
• In Schwertner, Texas the remains of a concrete arrow are still visible on some
land owned by a relative of one of our readers. (courtesy S -I reader Tommy
Madden. Beacon number unknown)
• A concrete arrow is still visible just outside of Sweetwater, Texas, however it
is on private land and not accessible. (beacon number known, courtesy S -I
reader Thomas Howlett.)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 23 of 27
Utah: 8
• Beacon 59s concrete arrow is still visible just off the westbound side of US -80
and just southwest of the Great Salt Lake. (courtesy S -I reader Tim Roumph)
• Also southwest of the Great Salt Lake, the concrete arrow of Beacon 59 sits
right off US -80. Like Beacon 58, Beacon 59 is also on the westbound side, and
is less than ten miles away.
• The concrete arrow with twin tails from Beacon 61A can be seen just off the
Lincoln Highway in Lake Point, Utah. (pictured be/ow, courtesy
Bonne villeMariner. com)
• Faint remnants of a concrete arrow in Locomotive Springs, Utah (beacon
number unknown).
• Another concrete arrow - this one from Beacon 37B -
can be seen on the south edge of the Shinob Kibe Mesa
in Utah.
• The concrete arrow from Beacon 37A is visible from the
Bloomington Overlook location in St. George, Utah.
(pictured at right)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 24 of 27
• A concrete arrow is all that's left of Beacon 37C at the
Quail Creek Reservoir in Utah between Hurricane and St. George. (pictured
below)
• In Woods Cross, Utah, there is a concrete arrow northeast of the Salt Lake
City Airport (beacon number unknown).
The remains of airmail beacon 37C near the Quail Creek Reservoir in Utah.
Washington: 1
• About 20 miles northeast of Ellensburg, WA, the foundation remains of a
Beacon #10 from the Seattle -Spokane route can still be seen (courtesy S -I
reader C. Alexander Leigh).
Wyoming: 7
• The remains of a concrete arrow are still visible about a mile north of I-80
near the ghost town of Bryan, Wyoming. (beacon number unknown, courtesy
S -I reader Daniel Quinn)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 25 of 27
• A shed and tower are still visible at the Johnson County Municipal Airport in
Buffalo, Wyoming. (beacon number unknown, courtesy S -I reader Gar
Jorgenson)
• In the wilderness outside of Cheyenne, Wyoming, the remote concrete arrow
of Beacon 38 sits undisturbed (pictured below, courtesy S -I reader John
Breeding).
John shared his encounter with Beacon 38: ""The concrete is still in amazing
shape... the 'concrete' is basically quartz pebbles held together with cement...
that arrow is going to be there for centuries if no one messes with it. The tower
supports were cut off at ground level and what appears to be the fuel oil shed
foundation seems to have been broken up but is still visible. One other
interesting point of note is the barren ground in the shape of the arrow just a
foot or so off the edge of the concrete. My guess is they 'salted' the ground
there to enhance the arrow shape from the air. Decades later there's still
nothing growing there." Before you consider visiting, John notes this may be on
private property.
• About six miles east of Hanna, Wyoming are the overgrown remains of Beacon
31 from the Salt Lake Omaha Airway. Head approximately seven miles west of
Hanna and you'll find the remains of Beacon 29 barely visible and sitting just off
287. (courtesy S -I reader Glenna Hansen)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 26 of 27
• North of I-80 outside Laramie, Wyoming, the shed and
arrow from Summit Radio Beacon 38 (pictured at right)
from the Salt Lake Omaha Airway are visible on Beacon Hill
in the Laramie Range. The concrete arrow from Beacon 40
is also nearby, about 9 miles NW of Cheyenne.
(submissions courtesy S -I reader Glenna Hansen, picture courtesy Mel Duncan).
• In Medicine Bow, Wyoming, the remains of a beacon, shed,
and tower are visible but in poor repair. (Beacon number
unknown, picture at right courtesy S -I reader Glenna
Hansen).
• About five miles south of Superior, Wyoming the remains of a
concrete arrow are visible just North of I-80 (beacon number
unknown, courtesy S -I reader Curtis Johnson).
Don't see a beacon listed here? Find other known beacons with this interactive
map.
Air Traveler's Map, 1929
"Illustrated Map of the Route of
Transcontinental Air Transport," Rand
McNally, 1929. Courtesy David Rumsey Map
1929 air travel map Collection.
Click thumbnail to view full-size. Warning: large file (5 Mb)
http: Hsometimes-intere sting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
Concrete Arrows and the U.S. Airmail Beacon System I Sometimes Interesting Page 27 of 27
Click here to see the 1945 Civil Aeronautics Administration Air Marking
Guide (warning: 45 -page pdf). Big thanks to Steve Owen from cibolahistory org
for sharing this with us!
Do you know of another airway beacon or concrete arrow not listed here but still
visible? Contact us with the coordinates and we'll update the list!
Advertisement.
Share this:
Email Facebook 8K+ Twitter Pintl erest 118
Like this:
http://sometimes-interesting. com/2013/12/04/concrete-arrows-and-the-u-s-airmail-beacon-... 8/16/2017
City of Cottage Grove FYI Re Pioneer Press Article about Cottage Grove Navagation Arrow
From: City of Cottage Grove <webmaster@cottage-grove.org>
Sent: Wednesday, August 16, 2017 1:43 PM
To: Sohn Burbank
Subject: City of Cottage Grove: FYI Re: Pioneer Press Article about Cottage
Grove
"Navagation Arrow"
This is an enquiry email via https://www.cottage-grove.org/ from:
Gary Warren <daddyo6065@yahoo.com>
Note I sent to Mary Divine:
Hi Mary, I read with interest your article in today's Pioneer Press. I recently
retired from the
Metropolitan Airports Commission after 26 years of service there. You might be
interested to know that
there is an additional point of interest located a short distance from the "arrow"
that is one of the few
remaining operating "airway beacons" from the Transcontinental Airway System which
is associated
with the "arrow" as you call it. The St Paul Mounds Park Airway Beacon is 110' tall
and overlooks
Holman Field. It was constructed by the City of St Paul. In 1943 it became the
property of the MAC and
was rehabbed in the mid `90s. It is painted with black and chrome yellow stripping
which is the original
paint scheme. It flashes white -white so as not to be confused with the "airport"
beacon which flashes
green -white. The connection between the "arrow" and the operating "airway beacon" in
Mounds Park
would be an additional point for the City of Cottage Grove to consider in their
deliberations of
significance of the "arrow". By the way, the views of the city and Mississippi river
from the top of the
Mounds Park beacon are fabulous! There is also a monument plaque located along the
trails path in
front of the beacon that provides a good summary of the beacon and it's significance
in the airway
system.
Thanks for your article!
Have a great day!
Gary Warren
Retired VP -Planning Development & Environment MAC
Page 1
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Pagel of 8
NEWS
Looking for St. Paul? Look for
the giant concrete arrow in
Cottage Grove
Jim Jansen of Cottage Grove poses in June 2017 with a concrete arrow next to
his house, built as part of a ground-based navigation system extending from
New York to California in the 1920s and '30s. The arrow was painted bright
yellow and was next to a 50 -foot tower with a beacon atop it. U.S. Post Office
pilots would look for the beacon and then follow the arrow to Holman Field in
St Paul, (Scott Takushi / Pioneer Press)
By MARY DIVINE I mdivine@pioneerpress.com I Pioneer Press
PUBLISHED: July 1, 2017 at 7:00 am I UPDATED: July 1, 2017 at 1:46 pm
http://www.twincities. com/2017/O7/01/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Page 2 of 8
Some of Jim Jansen's earliest memories involve playing on a 51 -foot beacon
tower and giant concrete arrow outside his family's farmhouse in Cottage Grove.
"I used to climb up to the top of the tower," said Jansen, 81, a farmer who still
lives in the house on 50th Street where he was born.
"When I was a young kid, everything looked big. I was this tall," he said, putting his
hand to his hip, "and we've got this big giant thing in the back yard. I couldn't get
into the top part. It was locked shut, but I kept trying."
Jansen's makeshift playground served an important purpose: It was part of an
elaborate navigation system built coast-to-coast early in the 20th centuryto help
pilots deliver mail for the U.S. Post Office.
In the days before radar and GPS, pilots flying the air -mail route to the Twin Cities
knew to look for the shining rotating beacon and the 70 -foot -long bright -yellow
directional arrow in Cottage Grove.
"It points northwest," Jansen said. "That way they knew which way to go to get to
Holman Field (in St. Paul). They used to keep it brightly painted, so it was easy to
see. There were some big numbers painted on it, like, 3-7-9. The numbers were
probably about 3 -feet high; they meant something to the pilots, apparently."
Jansen believes the arrow was installed in 1930, two years after his father, Ben,
bought the 240 -acre farm.
"They wanted to put it out in the field across the road (90th street), and my dad
says: 'Why would you want to put it out in the field? You put it right behind the
house,' " Jansen said. "it turned out to be a good thing because if it was out in the
middle of a field, it would have been in our way, and we would have done away
with ityea rs ago. But behind the house, it never bothered us, so it's just there."
The beacon — about 2 to 3 feet in diameter — rotated every 7 seconds, but
because the tower was so high, the light shone above the house.
"It didn't bother us at night, but it bothered some of our neighbors a mile or two
away because it would shine in their windows," he said. "My uncle used to call this
place the Beacon Light Farm."
http://www.twincities.com/2017/07/0 I/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Page 3 of 8
Jim Jansen of Cottage Grove poses with a concrete arrow next to his house,
built as apart of aground -based navigation system extending from New York
to California in the 1920's and 30's, Monday, June 26, 2017. The arrow was
painted bright -yellow and was next to a 50 -foot tower with a beacon atop it.
United States Postal Service pilots delivering mail would took for the beacon
and then follow the arrow to dolman Field in St. Paul. (Scott Takushi / Pioneer
Press)
Jansen believes his parents received a nominal amount— maybe $10 — for
housing the navigation system. "Of course, $10 in those days was a lot of money,"
he said.
On a clear night, the Jansens could see other beacons flashing near Prescott, Wis.,
and Red Wing, Minn.
The beacon and tower were removed in 1954, a year after Jansen graduated from
St. Paul Park High School.
"Whatever government agency it was, they came and removed it," he said. "They
didn't need it anymore."
NOW A TOURIST ATTRACTION
The arrow remained, however, and Jansen turned part of it into a basketball court
in the 1970s for his three children; the metal hoop and pole are still there.
http://www.twincities. com/2017/O7/01/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Page 4 of 8
It has become somewhat of a tourist attraction in the past few years thanks to
media reports. A Science Channel "What on Earth?" episode about the system
aired last year, and several articles have been published.
"Everybody is curious, once they know about it," Jansen said. "It's a small world
now. Ten years ago, no one knew about this. The communication we have now is
incredible. I had a guy drive up on his motorcycle from Winona just to look at it a
few years ago. Last summer, there was someone from Wisconsin."
Still, he said, most locals who drive by don't notice it.
Local historian Herb Reckinger recently learned about the arrow and visited the
site for the first time last month.
"I am proof that you can drive by something for 35 to 40 years and not pay any
attention to it," said Reckinger, a director of the South Washington County
Heritage Society. "But when you find out what it is — and the significance that it
had to early mail routes through here by plane — it's just a great thing,"
A large concrete arrow on a Cottage Grove farm was part of an elaborate
navigation system built throughout the U.S. in the early 20th Century to help
pilots delivering mail. The arrow was part of the Milwaukee to St. Paul -
Minneapolis route. Each red star marked the location of an airway beacon.
Jansen's site was marked "37." (Courtesy of Ray Hawkins)
http://www.twincities. com/2017/07/01/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Page 5 of 8
More than 14,500 miles of lighted airways were created as part of the navigation
system that operated primarily from 1926 to 1935, before radio beacons began to
take its place, said aviation historian Ray Hawkins of Aurora, Colo.
The system included about 2,000 giant arrows, 10 miles apart. About 100 of them
can still be seen using Google Earth, he said.
Jansen's arrow was known as No. 37 on the Milwaukee to St. Paul -Minneapolis
route, indicating the site was 370 miles from the beginning of the route, Hawkins
said. It's believed to be the only arrow remaining in Minnesota.
115 ARROWS ACROSS AMERICA
Brian and Charlotte Smith, a retired couple from Loomis, Calif., have spent much
of the past four years documenting the surviving arrows and beacons. Their
website, Arrows Across America, shows 115 arrows and 321 beacons remaining in
the U.S.
"We've been traveling across the U.S. taking drone photos of the arrows,"
Charlotte Smith said in a phone interview Monday. "Right now we are in Marshall,
Ill., heading for the arrows near Indianapolis. Then we're headed to Iowa City to
take a picture there. we're trying to get to as many of them as we can. we have
visited 62 of them, and hope to add a few more before we finish this (four-week)
trip."
Charlotte Smith became interested in the topic in 2013 after reading an email that
had been forwarded to her husband from a friend.
"It intrigued me, and I wanted to know where they were because I had never heard
of them," she said, "I'd never seen them, and I wanted to see if I could find one
searched Google every day for about a week. Before I knew it, I had found 52 of
them."
She has created a spreadsheet that contains more than 15,000 entries on the
navigation system, which was established by the U.S. Department of Commerce.
http://www.twincities.com/2017/07/0 I/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Page 6 of 8
Smith's favorite arrow is the Golconda site in Humboldt County, Nevada. "I like
the mountains all around it," she said. "It's up on a little hill, and it looks out over
the freeway. You can see all the traffic going by. You can see the snow-covered
mountains around it in the spring. It'sjust a gorgeous environment."
Brian Smith, a retired officer with the California Highway Patrol, hikes out to the
sites and takes photos. His favorite arrow is the Silver Zone Arrow, off Interstate 80
in Nevada, about 20 miles west of the Nevada -Utah border. "It's a 90 -degree right-
angle arrow," he said. "It points to the Great Salt Lake."
He uses a drone — the couple's grandson, Harrison Houser, then 9, taught him
how to use it two years ago — to photograph the arrows from the air.
"It gives people a better perspective of what these things look like," he said.
"They're usually out in the middle of nowhere."
Some beacons remain in use in remote areas of Montana, but most were removed
during world War II because authorities "did not want the enemy to find their way
inland, especially on the west and East coasts," Charlotte Smith said.
"A lot of the arrows got covered over with dirt at that time, and a lot of them got
broken up," she said. "One in Idaho had rocks piled high on top of it."
Renewed interest in the arrows has led people to go out and clean them up and
paint them again, she said.
"That's the most gratifying thing about finding them all," she said. "People care
about them. They're not being destroyed anymore,"
Tags: Cottage Grove St. Paul Transportation
Mary Mary Divine
http://www.twincities. com/2017/O7/01/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
Looking for St. Paul? Look for the giant concrete arrow in Cottage Grove — Twin Cities Page 7 of 8
Mary Divine is a reporter for the St_ Paul Pioneer Press. She covers Washington
County and the St_ Croix River Valley; but has also spent time covering the state
Capitol. She has won numerous journalism awards, including the Premack Award
and the Minnesota Society of Professional Journalists' Page One Award. Prior to
ruining the Pioneer Press in 1998, she worked for the Rochester, Minn.. Post -Bulletin
and at the St. Joseph, Mo., News -Press. Her work has also appeared in a number of
magazines, including Mpls/St.Paul Magazine, Twin Cities Business Monthly and
Minnesota Magazine. She is a graduate of Carleton College and lives in St. Paul with
her husband, Greg Myers, and their three children, Henry, 16. Frances, 14, and Fred.
11.
V Follow Mary Divine @MaryEDivine
SPONSORED CONTENT Can You Guess The
Word This 10 -Year Old
Used to Describe Her
Mother?
Learn why this Daughter picked
her Mom as her hero.
By C+HAMRF.RI 4r%
r ,
As you comment, please be respectful of other commenters and
other viewpoints_ Our goal with article comments is to provide a
space for civil, informative and constructive conversations. We
reserve the right to remove any comment we deem to be
defamatory, rude, insulting to others, hateful, off -topic or reckless to
the community. See our full terms of use here.
VIEW COMMENTS
http://www.twincities. com/2017/07/01/looking-for-st-paul-look-for-the-giant-concrete-arro... 8/16/2017
I
Historic and Architectural
Survey Manual
Heritage Preservation Department
Revised 6/2017
Acknowledgments
This manual was funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration and the Minnesota Department
of Transportation.
The Heritage Preservation Department would like to acknowledge the following groups for their help
producing the Historic and Architectural Survey Manual and related Individual and Multiple Property
Inventory Forms: the Minnesota Department of Transportation Cultural Resources Unit, Mead & Hunt,
Inc., and the Minnesota Historic Preservation Office Survey and Inventory Team.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction.............................................................................................................................1
II. Standards for Survey Personnel.................................................................................................3
III. Historic Preservation Planning...................................................................................................4
IV. Identification of Historic Properties...........................................................................................5
A. Research Design..................................................................................................................5
B. Archival Research................................................................................................................6
V. Historic Context........................................................................................................................8
VI. Survey......................................................................................................................................9
A. Types of Survey...................................................................................................................
9
1) Reconnaissance Level Survey (Phase 1)..................................................................9
2) Intensive Level Survey (Phase 11)..........................................................................
10
B. Boundaries........................................................................................................................10
C. Recording Surveyed Properties (Inventory Criteria).........................................................
11
D. Linear Resources...............................................................................................................
11
VII. Survey Report Requirements...................................................................................................13
VIII. Inventory Forms......................................................................................................................16
A. Identifying the appropriate inventory form(s).................................................................17
B. Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions...........................................20
C. Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions.............................................30
C. Narratives — Individual and Multiple Property Forms ......................................................
40
1) Narrative Description...........................................................................................40
2) Statement of Significance....................................................................................
41
3) Bibliography.........................................................................................................41
D. Inventory Forms — Required Additional Documentation.................................................41
1) Photographs.........................................................................................................42
2) Maps....................................................................................................................
42
IX. Submittal Requirements.........................................................................................................43
Submission Quick Reference Guide for all HPD survey projects..........................................................44
Appendix A. Architectural Style List for Inventory Form................................................................45
Appendix B. Secretary of the Interior's Standards........................................................................46
Appendix C. National Register Criteria for Evaluation...................................................................49
Introduction
The Minnesota Historical Society's (MNHS) Heritage Preservation Department (HPD) manages and leads
preservation initiatives throughout the state. The Minnesota Historic Preservation Office (MnHPO), a
unit of the HPD, administers the federal preservation program in Minnesota, a program which includes
the National Register of Historic Places (National Register), Federal Historic Tax Credit Program, Section
106 Review and Compliance Program (Review and Compliance), Certified Local Government Program
(CLG) as well as the Minnesota Statewide Inventory. The duties of the MnHPO are defined by the
National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA).' The HPD also manages and administers state and
federally funded grant programs and offers Field Services through its Local History Services program.
This Historic and Architectural Survey Manual is intended to be a reference for historic preservation
professionals who undertake surveys which identify, evaluate, and prepare survey documentation for
historic properties in the state, excluding archaeological properties. For brevity, this manual will be
referred to as the "survey manual" throughout the document—not to be confused with the SHPO
Manual for Archaeology Projects in Minnesota,' which specifically informs archaeological projects. The
survey manual includes instructions and procedures for preparing and transmitting an appropriate level
of survey and inventory documentation to the HPD for inclusion in the Minnesota Statewide Inventory
(inventory) and Minnesota Statewide Inventory Database (database). The inventory is an archive of
information related to surveyed properties but is not intended to be exhaustive. Information is kept in
physical form in the Minnesota Statewide Inventory Files (inventory files). Inventory files on each
property can vary substantially.
The National Park Service (NPS) has, under the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for
Archaeology and Historic Preservation (standards) and National Register Bulletins (bulletins) established
a comprehensive framework of standards and guidelines for both identification and evaluation. The
instructions and procedures in this survey manual are intended to be used in conjunction with, not
replace, applicable standards and guidelines.
The goal of this manual is to provide clear instructions so historic preservation professionals can
complete and submit historic property survey documentation (inventory forms and/or reports) to the
HPD. It is also intended to provide other interested parties with general information for making
informed decisions regarding preservation planning, historic property identification, and evaluation
needs.
The following guidelines represent the minimum standards for documenting historic and architectural
survey projects in Minnesota. Adherence to these guidelines is required for all historic and architectural
survey documentation submitted to the HPD, regardless of which program initiated the survey. When
completing historic and architectural surveys in compliance with federal or state laws, it is important to
1 For more information on the MnHPO's duties, see the statewide preservation plan on the HPD website:
http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/planning/docs pdfs/preservationplan 2012-2017.pdf.
Z SHPO Manual for Archaeology Projects in Minnesota is available on the HPD website:
http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/survey/ or direct PDF link htV://www.mnhs.org/shpo/survey/archsurvey.pdf.
note that the responsible federal or state agency may have additional survey guidance and/or
documentation standards that also must be met. Minimum survey and documentation requirements
include:
1. the survey and documentation must be carried out under the professional direction of a
Principal Investigator that meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification
Standards;
2. the documentation must meet all applicable Secretary of the Interior's Standards and
Guidelines;
3. documentation must include the requirements outlined in this document; and
4. survey, documentation, and analysis must apply relevant NPS guidelines. The two most
applicable are:
• National Register Bulletin No. 15: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for
Evaluation
• National Register Bulletin No. 24: Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation
Planning
2
II. Standards for Survey Personnel
The HPD requires that all historic and architectural surveys be carried out under the direction of a
Principal Investigator that meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification Standards.
Qualified professional personnel in the field of historic preservation are those who have the "defined
minimum education and experience required to perform identification, evaluation, registration and
treatment activities .i3 Historic preservation often requires the combination of multiple disciplines. It
may be necessary to seek multiple professionals to ensure a thorough understanding of the properties
and the applicable contexts. Volunteers and those without professional training may work with or under
the direction of a Principal Investigator. The Professional Qualification Standards are found in Appendix
B of this manual. These minimum education and professional work experience parameters are defined
within the Code of Federal Regulations, 36 CFR Part 61.4
3 National Park Service, Archeology and Historic Preservation: Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines,
Professional Qualifications Standards, Accessed 26 April 2017. http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch_stnds_9.htm.
4A list of the minimum professional qualifications for each discipline can be found on the NPS website:
http://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch studs 9.htm or in Appendix C.
3
III. Historic Preservation Planning
Historic preservation planning is a process that organizes preservation activities including identification,
evaluation, registration, and treatment of historic properties in a logical sequence. It is based on a
number of important concepts that guide the development of comprehensive preservation
planning. Historic contexts are the cornerstone of the planning process. Contexts provide frames of
reference that establish the relative significance of cultural resources, and create a framework for
making management decisions about the resources. They establish a mechanism for assessing and
organizing information about patterns of prehistory and history, and about historic and cultural
resources. A series of preservation goals is systematically developed for each historic context to ensure
that the range of properties representing the important aspects of each historic context is identified,
evaluated, and treated. Then priorities are set for all goals identified for each historic context.
Another essential component of preservation planning is a historic resources survey. The survey includes
archival research and field survey, the physical search for and recording of historic resources on the
ground. Surveys identify and analyze those properties that support, represent, and illustrate the historic
contexts.
Is
IV. Identification of Historic Properties
Identification is undertaken for the purpose of locating historic properties and requires archival
research, survey fieldwork, and analysis of identified properties within applicable contexts. The
requirements for identification can differ depending on project expectations and are often determined
by the program under which the survey is being conducted as well as the level of survey. Archival
research and survey fieldwork will always be integrated (to varying degrees) because one inevitably
informs the other and both are necessary for adequate documentation and analysis.'
A. Research Design
A research design is a general term that can be applied to any type of research project. It can take the
form of a standalone document, be expressed as a scope of work, or be incorporated into a survey
methodology. The research design is typically done early in the survey planning process and provides
the basic direction for guiding the archival research and survey fieldwork. The level of detail will depend
on a number of factors, including the level of survey, which is discussed in subsequent chapters .6
Concepts for development of a research design are discussed in detail in Bulletin 24: Guidelines for Local
Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning. At a minimum a research design should specify:
1. applicable contexts (existing and necessary);
2. research questions or issues to be addressed with respect to each historic context;
3. previous research known to have been done on such issues;
4. the kind of information expected to be researched;
5. the types of sources expected to be used;
6. the types of personnel expected to be used;
7. intended use of the survey;
8. the survey goals;
9. how the survey goals were identified;
10. focus of the survey (industrial buildings, construction era, geographic area, etc.);
11. anticipated community involvement and participation;
12. timetable for completing the project; and
13. where possible, expectation about what will be learned, or hypothetical answers to major
research questions.
5 Additional information on the standards and guidelines for documentation and analysis can be found on the NPS website:
https://www.nps.gov/historVlocal-law/arch studs 5.htm.
6U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 24: Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis
for Preservation Planning (1977, rev. 1985), Accessed 26 April 2017,
https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb24/nrb24.pdf, 29, 69-70; National Park Service, Archeology and Historic
Preservation: Secretary of Interior's Standards for Identification, Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines for Identification, Accessed
26 April 2017, https://www.nps.ov/history/local law/arch studs 2.htm.
5
B. Archival Research
Both preliminary background research, commonly known as a literature search, as well as more in depth
archival research, should be undertaken before, during, and after survey fieldwork. Background research
should not duplicate previous work but must consider existing information, including the inventory files.
Other appropriate research includes, but is not limited to, consultation of standard historical reference
works, historical maps, atlases, photographs, and other related documentation. The NPS provides
considerable amount of information on archival research in Bulletin 24: Guidelines for Local Surveys: A
Basis for Preservation Planning.7
Before a project is initiated, the inventory files and database must be consulted. Searching the inventory
files and database does not constitute complete archival research. Additional resources must be
consulted. It is the responsibility of researchers to familiarize themselves with the HPD's current filing
and database systems. Integrity and contexts change over time, therefore any eligibility determinations
made ten (10) or more years from the date of the current survey are considered out of date and the
property will need to be reassessed. At this time properties are categorized in the following ways:
• National Register Listed.
• NPS Determination of Eligibility (DOE): The NPS has determined that the property is eligible for
listing in the National Register, but it has not been officially listed.
• Considered Eligible Finding (CEF): A federal agency has recommended that a property is eligible
for listing in the National Register and MnHPO has accepted the recommendation for the
purposes of the Review and Compliance process. These properties need to be further assessed
before they are officially listed in the National Register.
• Considered Not Eligible Finding (CHEF): During the course of a Review and Compliance process,
the property was considered not to be eligible, for the purposes of the review. These properties
may need to be reassessed for eligibility under additional or alternate contexts.
• Staff Eligible Finding (SEF): MnHPO staff considers the property eligible for listing in the National
Register, in circumstances other than the Review and Compliance process.
• Inventoried: Properties that are recorded in the inventory but have not be assessed for
eligibility.
Requests for searches of the inventory and reports databases should be sent via email to the Survey and
Inventory Coordinator. Include in the request a complete list of Township/Range/Section coordinates to
be searched. For report search requests provide a reasonable list of key search terms (e.g. author name,
title key word, city, etc.). Query results can be exported as Microsoft Word reports.
The HPD cannot query using shape files, nor can the results be sent in the form of shape files. The
following are more details pertaining to the types of research material available at the HPD.
Bulletin 24, _https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb24/, 29-34.
0
• Historic Contexts: The HPD's historic contexts are gathered together in loose-leaf notebooks.
Each identified historic context consists of a written narrative defining the context's broad
historical patterns, temporal limits, and geographical boundaries. A list of the currently
identified historic contexts can be found on the HPD website
http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/docs pdfs/historic contexts.pdf. Contexts have also been
developed through survey and can be found by searching the reports database. Survey contexts
are often more robust but limit focus to local areas, project areas, or property types.
• Minnesota Statewide Inventory Files: Historic and architectural inventory files are arranged by
civil subdivision (County, City, Township). The amount of information within the inventory files
can vary substantially.
o The documentation in support of individual properties that have been evaluated as
eligible for listing in the National Register are filed alphabetically by county and property
name. For additional information on the inventory files refer to the information in the
Minnesota SHPO Architecture -History Database Metadata document available on the
MnHPO website, http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/survey/architecture_database.pdf.
o A list of Minnesota properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places is
available at: http://nrhp.mnhs.org/NRSearch.cfm.
• Multiple Property Documentation Forms (MPDF): These forms are not nominations in their own
right but serve as a basis for evaluating the National Register eligibility of related historic
properties. The Multiple Property Documentation Form streamlines the method of organizing
information collected in surveys and research for registration and preservation planning
purposes. The form facilitates the evaluation of individual properties by comparing them with
resources that share similar physical characteristics and historical associations.$ MPDFs include
in-depth context information as well as registration requirements.9 A resource to which an
MPDF applies must meet the eligibility requirements set forth by the document to be eligible for
listing in the National Register. A list of the currently identified MPDFs can be found on the HPD
website http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/docs pdfs/multiple property documentation forms.pdf.
8 U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register Bulletin 16A: How to complete the National
Register Registration Form (1991), Accessed 26 April 2017,
hjtps://www.nps. ov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrbl6b/nrb16b llintroduction.htm.
9 Additional information on MPDFs and registration requirements can be found in Bulletin 16B: How to Complete the
National Register Multiple Property Form which can be found on the NPS website:
haps://www.nps.�ov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/nrbl6b.pdf.
V. Historic Context
A historic context is required for identifying historic properties. The Secretary of the Interior's Standards
for Archeology and Historic Preservation define a historic context as: an organizational framework that
groups information about related historic properties based on a theme, geographical area, and period of
time.10 Its primary purpose is to provide the necessary historical framework for identifying and
evaluating resources. Contexts can be developed around any subject; however, they are often narrowed
by year of study, resource type, or geographic area. Historic contexts can also be developed at a variety
of scales appropriate for Reconnaissance (Phase 1) or Intensive (Phase 11) surveys (See Section VI. A. -
Types of Surveys), as well as for local, state, and regional planning efforts.
Additional information on writing historic contexts can be found in the 2009 NPS white paper entitled
The Components of a Historic Context, which provides general guidance on writing a context."
Applicable NPS guidelines should be used to guide content and format of historic contexts submitted to
the HPD. Any context document submitted to the HPD is expected to include, at a minimum:
1. a summary of what the context encompasses;
2. a general historical background of the subject(s);
3. an explanation of the context's parameters (methodology of study);
4. information relevant to the development of the context's theme(s) or area(s) of significance;
5. the identification of the property types associated with the context;
6. the relevance of each National Register Criteria; and
7. a bibliography.
10 Bulletin 24, 6.
11Thecomplete white paper can be found on the HPD website:
http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/docspdfs/components historic context.pdf or on the National Park Service website
https://www.nps.gov/nrbublications/policy.htm.
M
VI. Survey
The NPS defines a survey as "a process of identifying and gathering data on a community's historic
resources. It includes field survey—the physical search for and recording of historic resources on the
ground—but it also includes planning and background research before field survey begins, organization
and presentation of survey data as the survey proceeds, and the development of inventories." 12 Surveys
are used for planning purposes and have the potential to significantly affect a community. It is critical
that the information acquired is both accurate and professional. 13 If a previous survey was conducted
more than ten (10) years from the current date a resurvey of the area is necessary. Survey information,
especially the integrity discussion, is likely outdated after a decade. Surveys are funded in numerous
ways, the most common of which are listed below. Projects can also be initiated through grant funding,
private individuals, non-profit organizations, and/or local governments. It is important to verify the
specific identification and evaluation requirements associated with each project.
• Surveys conducted as part of a local preservation planning program
• Compliance with Federal or State regulations
• Federal Certified Local Government Grants
• Minnesota Historical & Cultural Heritage Grants
A. Types of Survey
Surveys are completed at the reconnaissance (Phase 1) or intensive (Phase 11) level. Surveyors should
work with HPD staff and/or the responsible government unit to determine the appropriate level of
survey for any given project.
1) Reconnaissance Level Survey (Phase 1)
The intention of a reconnaissance level survey, sometimes called a windshield survey, is to collect
enough data to provide a general understanding of the built environment of an area and to answer any
questions posed in the survey scope of work or research design. The survey is intended to characterize
the properties in relation to historic contexts and makes recommendations for additional intensive
survey work. Reconnaissance level surveys completed for Review and Compliance projects often make
preliminary eligibility recommendations. The HPD will comment on these findings in response to a
particular project. This methodology is specific to regulatory projects and is not appropriate for other
HPD surveys.
For a reconnaissance survey, it is required that a Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form
(Individual Property Form) be prepared for individual resources within the defined survey area that
meet the minimum inventory criteria (See Section VI.C. – Recording Surveyed Properties). A Minnesota
Multiple Property Inventory Form (Multiple Property Form) is completed for complexes or districts that
12 Bulletin 24, 2.
13 Bulletin 24, 18.
0
meet inventory criteria and are found entirely within the defined survey boundary. Resource -specific
research is not required for completion of an Individual or Multiple Property Form during this level of
survey. However, if a property has been previously surveyed or evaluated, is known to have an
association with a historic event, has been designed by a known architect, or has an association with a
significant person, that information should be conveyed on the inventory form. Guidance on completion
of the inventory form fields is provided in Section VIII — Inventory Forms.
In addition to inventory forms, a survey report is required for a reconnaissance level survey. Full report
requirements are discussed in Section VII — Survey Report Requirements.
2) Intensive Level Survey (Phase 11)
The goal of intensive level surveys is to document all historic buildings, structures, sites, objects, and
potential districts in sufficient detail to permit their evaluation for listing in the National Register or local
designation under criteria adopted by the local governing body. In addition to field survey to review the
physical attributes of a property, surveyors should perform research to understand the historic and
cultural significance of a property. It is important to note that archival research should be conducted
prior to the field survey, as well as after, to assist in identification of historical and cultural associations.
For an intensive level survey, it is required that an Individual Property Form be completed for all
individual properties within the defined survey area. These inventory forms should reflect all eligibility
recommendations pertaining to the property. For complexes and historic districts being surveyed, a
Multiple Property Form should be completed for the district or complex as well as Individual Property
Forms for each resource on the property. Guidance on completion of the inventory form fields is
provided in Section VIII — Inventory Forms.
In addition to inventory forms, a survey report is required for an intensive level survey. Full report
requirements are discussed in Section VII — Survey Report Requirements.
B. Boundaries
Surveyors should clearly establish the geographic limits of the study area. The rationale behind the
survey boundary must be clearly articulated in the methodology section of the final report and, in the
case of MNHS grants, in the application. 14
Many factors influence the size of a defined survey boundary. Reconnaissance surveys may be limited to
a defined study area, property type, or specific geographic area. Boundaries for reconnaissance surveys
do not need to be justified by historical association or research. These boundaries can be based on any
need so long as that need is articulated. Intensive survey boundaries, however, are defined by archival
14 Additional information on boundary determinations can be found in National Register Bulletin: Defining Boundaries for
National Register Properties (1995, rev. 1997), which can be found on the NPS website:
https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/Boundary.pdf.
10
research or historical association. Justification of these boundaries must be based on research and
context. For Review and Compliance projects, the defined survey area may be limited to the Area of
Potential Effects (APE). The APE is "the geographic area or areas within which an undertaking may
directly or indirectly cause alterations in the character or use of historic properties, if any such
properties exist.""
C. Recording Surveyed Properties (Inventory Criteria)
Inventoried properties are those properties within the survey boundary that meet the minimum
inventory criteria or aid in answering the question posed by the survey, either directly or indirectly.
Inventoried properties have associated inventory numbers as well as Individual Property and/or
Multiple Property Forms, and are incorporated into the inventory. Those properties surveyed but not
inventoried are included in the survey report and provide additional context (See Section VII. 9). Much
of the inventory requirements depend on what type of survey is being conducted.
For intensive level surveys all properties within a survey boundary must be inventoried.
For reconnaissance level surveys only those properties which meet the following minimum inventory
criteria must be inventoried:
• properties that are forty-five (45) years old or older, unless there is likelihood that it will meet
National Register Criteria Consideration G: Properties That Have Achieved Significance Within
the Last Fifty Years;
• properties that are known to meet National Register Criteria or local designation criteria (either
individually or as part of a district);
• properties that assist in establishing an architectural or historical context for those buildings
that are likely to meet these criteria; and/or
• properties that assist in supporting one or more context set forth in the survey scope of work,
methodology, or research design.
D. Linear Resources
Linear resources are long, narrow resources. These can include those that are designed to convey
something (people, goods, power, communications, etc.) across long distances, such as roads, trails,
railroads, canals, irrigation and mining ditches, and transmission lines. Linear resources may also be
designed to bound or separate areas or contain something. Examples include fences, walls, and levees. 16
15 Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regulations, 36 CFR 800—Protection of Historic Properties (incorporating
amendments effective August 5, 2004), Subpart C -Program Alternatives, Section 16 Definitions, part (d), Accessed 26 April 2017,
http:awww.achp.gov/reps-rev04.pdf, 15.
16 Oregon Parks and Recreation Department -Guidance for Recording and Evaluating Linear Cultural Resources -Oregon
State Historic Preservation Office - December 2013.
11
A linear historic district may have more than one historic development pattern, or may have more than
one historic name associated with it. It may be constructed using various materials at various times, or
may be interrupted by contemporary interventions. In these cases it may be appropriate to discuss the
linear resource as a series of segments, defined as individual point-to-point connections along its length.
The linear resource is thus considered a linear historic district with each segment considered an
individual property. The length of a linear historic district and its segments must be identified even when
the project or survey area only encompasses a small part of the property. The length of the linear
historic district's significance must be assessed during the initial survey; however, the integrity of only
those segments that are found significant need be assessed. Additionally, associated features within the
project or survey area need to be individually evaluated.
Reasonable point-to-point connections are determined through archival research under each
appropriate criteria and/or area of significance. Each segment with associated features such as bridges,
culverts, dams, or buildings should be documented and evaluated as a linear historic district in its own
right. Each segment without associated properties is documented and evaluated as an individual
resource.
Each linear historic district is assigned an inventory number and a Multiple Property Inventory Form is
completed. Each associated feature and single resource segment is assigned an inventory number and
an Individual Property Inventory Form is completed.
Note: Individual federal agencies are able to establish differing documentation requirements under
specific circumstances. In such cases the agreed upon documentation requirements supersede those
found in this manual.
Should the survey boundary encompass a linear resource, in whole or in part, contact HPD staff to
determine the appropriate level of documentation necessary.
12
VII. Survey Report Requirements
The results of reconnaissance or intensive level surveys should be synthesized in a report that compiles
the data from field survey and archival research. The depth of information will vary according to the
level of survey. Survey reports for historic and architectural surveys should include the all of the
information listed below:
1. Title page —The title page should include the title of the project; the level of survey; the location
of the survey; the principal investigator(s) or surveyor; sponsoring institution, association, or
agency; and the date the report was prepared.
2. Acknowledgment page— Refer to funding source(s) for appropriate language.
3. Table of contents —The table of contents should list page numbers for all report chapters,
subdivisions, and additional documentation or appendices.
4. Abstract/management summary—The abstract/management summary should provide project
background information and summarize the survey results. At a minimum, the summary should
include:
• brief description of the project, including location and purpose;
• level of survey and an explanation of the reason(s) for undertaking the survey;
• area of survey and number of acres surveyed;
• number of properties surveyed;
• survey results and, if applicable, eligibility recommendations (for example, number of
properties surveyed, number of properties recommended eligible or not eligible,
number of properties recommended contributing or noncontributing, and number of
properties previously listed in or determined eligible for the National Register and/or
local designation);
• name of the Principal Investigator(s), including firm if applicable, and dates of survey;
5. Certification of results language and signature. Insert the following language after the
abstract/management summary:
"I certify that this investigation was conducted and documented
according to the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and
Guidelines and that the report is complete and accurate to the best
of my knowledge."
Signature of Principal Investigator Date
13
6. Methodology -The methodology section is a brief discussion of the objectives, scope, and depth
of the survey. It is often the same information established as part of a research design and is
intended to provide background for understanding survey results. The amount of detail will
depend on a number of factors, including the level of survey. 17 It should clearly explain:
• applicable contexts;
• previous research known to have been done on the subjects;
• the types of sources used;
• the types of personnel used;
• the survey goals;
• intended use of the survey;
• focus of the survey (resource type, construction era, geographic area, etc.);
• the specific boundaries of the surveyed area(s), including a map;
• justification of the boundaries;
• dates of field work;
• methods of research, fieldwork, photography, mapping, and recording survey data
• community involvement and participation;
• type of format of the final deliverables (bound report, printed inventory forms, cd, GIS
files, etc.);
• timetable for completing the project; and
• an explanation of criteria used in evaluating properties.
7. Historic context narratives of the subject(s). For example, history of property type, geography,
settlement patterns, property use, designer biography, etc.
8. Historic and current assessment of the properties located within the survey area.
9. A list or table of inventoried properties located within the survey area. This list includes all
properties for which an inventory form was completed. Include the following information for
each resource:
• inventory number;
• historic name, if known (if unknown, common name);
• address;
• approximate date of construction;
• an eligibility recommendation (if appropriate); and
• a thumbnail image is also recommended.
17Formore information: Bulletin 24, https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb24/nrb24.pdf, 29, 69-70; Secretary
of Interior's Standards for Identification https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch_stnds_2.htm.
14
10. A list or table of resources located within the survey area that were not inventoried as well as a
brief explanation why they do not meet the inventory criteria. Include the following information
for each resource:
• historic name, if known (if unknown common name);
• address;
• approximate date of construction;
• brief explanation as to why the property was not inventoried; and
• a thumbnail image is also recommended.
11. Glossary and/or bibliography— Reports should be written using proper citation methods. All
reports should contain a Works Cited or Bibliography. Glossaries are not necessary, but are
often helpful.
12. Maps — Including but not limited to survey area maps, photo key maps, historic maps, and
various coded survey maps, as applicable.
13. Photographs or drawings — Contemporary or historic photographs or drawings that help
illustrate the context(s), analysis, or finding(s) discussed within the document.
15
Identifying the appropriate inventory form(s)
VIII. Inventory Forms
Inventory forms are used to document individual resources and groups of resources that meet the
inventory criteria outlined in Section VI. B. - Recording Surveyed Properties. Two inventory forms have
been developed for recording properties in Minnesota: the Individual Property Inventory Form
(Individual Property Form) and the Multiple Property Inventory Form (Multiple Property Form). Both
inventory forms are available in a writeable PDF format on the HPD website available at:
http://www.mnhs.org/shpo/survey/. The standard inventory forms are required for all HPD submissions
with the exception of HPD reviewed and approved Certified Local Government standardized inventory
forms.
16
A. Identifying the appropriate inventory form(s)
Properties with multiple resources such as farmsteads, complexes and historic districts must be
recorded on a Multiple Property Form. List all individual resources related to the complex or district in
the Associated Properties section on the form or on a continuation sheet if necessary.
Individual resources including buildings, structures, objects, and sites that individually meet inventory
criteria must be recorded on an Individual Property Form; include ancillary structures in the resource
count and narratives. If the individual resource is also within the boundary of a farmstead, complex, or
historic district enter the historic name and inventory number of the larger property in the Associated
Multiple Property Form field.
The following are examples of how to identify which inventory form or forms to use when documenting
properties.
Property Form to use Notes
House, barn, rock shelter, fire
tower, dam, fountain, natural
feature, etc.
Individual Property Form
Complete the form in its
entirety. Include all ancillary
structures in the resource count
and narratives.
Linear resource (road, railroad
spur, canal, linear historic
Individual Property Form
Document linear resources as
district segment, etc.) without
structures.
associated properties*
Enter appropriate historic
name(s) and inventory
Multiple Property Form for the
number(s) in the Associated
entire linear historic district.
Multiple Property and/or
Associated Property fields to
Linear historic district with
Multiple Property Form for each
sufficiently cross reference
multiple segments (entire trunk
segment that contains
more than one associated
highways, entire rail lines)*
associated properties.
inventory form.
Individual Property Form for
Note: see instructions for
each segment that does not
documenting a linear historic
contain associated properties.
district comprised of a linear
resource with associated
properties below.
17
Property Form to use Notes
18
Multiple Property Form to
document the linear historic
district.
Enter appropriate historic
name(s) and inventory
Individual Property Forms for
number(s) in the Associated
each resource according to the
Multiple Property and/or
following guidelines:
Associated Property fields to
sufficiently cross reference
Linear historic districts
For reconnaissance surveys
more than one associated
comprised of a linear resource
document each resource on the
inventory form.
(road, railroad spur, canal,
property that meets minimum
linear historic district segment,
inventory criteria, including the
Note: one linear historic district
etc.) with associated
linear resource. Resources that
may be a part of a larger linear
properties*
do not meet the criteria should
historic district. Therefore, the
be described in the survey
property may have more than
report and included in the
one Multiple Property Form
resource count.
associated with it. If applicable,
enter both historic names and
For intensive surveys document
inventory numbers in the
all individual resources
Associated Properties field.
including the linear resource,
within the linear historic
district.
18
Property Form to use Notes
* Should the survey boundary encompass a linear resource, in whole or in part, contact HPD staff to
determine the appropriate level of documentation necessary.
19
Multiple Property Form for the
entire property.
Individual Property Forms for
each resource according to the
following guidelines:
Enter appropriate historic
Farmstead, college campus,
name(s) and inventory
religious complex, commercial
For reconnaissance surveys
number(s) in the Associated
historic district, large
document each resource on the
Multiple Property and/or
landscaped parks, residential
property that meets minimum
Associated Property fields to
areas, collections of habitation
inventory criteria. Resources
sufficiently cross reference
and limited activity sites,
that do not meet the criteria
more than one associated
cultural landscapes, etc.
should be described in the
inventory form.
survey report and included in
the resource count.
For intensive surveys document
all individual resources on the
property.
* Should the survey boundary encompass a linear resource, in whole or in part, contact HPD staff to
determine the appropriate level of documentation necessary.
19
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
B. Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
The Individual Property Form should be used to record individual resources. Instructions for the
completion of the Individual Property Form are provided in the table below. Do not use abbreviations or
codes, unless otherwise noted in the table. If additional space is needed to complete a field provide
additional information on a continuation sheet(s). The continuation sheet(s) should include a header
that matches that on pages 2-4 of the inventory form. For definitions and guidance on field names see
National Register Bulletin 16A: How to Complete the National Register Registration Form available at:
https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrbl6a/).
General Information
Field Name
Instructions
Historic Name
Enter the historic name of the property.
If the property has additional names, such as a common name,
current name, or other known name, enter them in this field.
Other Names
Separate multiple names with a semicolon.
Leave blank if no other names have been identified.
Enter the inventory number assigned by the HPD. The inventory
number is a three-part code that identifies the county, civil
subdivision, and individual property number. For example, HE -
MPC -3420: Hennepin County — Minneapolis — assigned property
Inventory Number
number.
If the property does not already have an inventory number,
request one from the HPD. All forms must have an inventory
number prior to submittal.
Enter historic name(s) and inventory number(s) of the Multiple
Property Form(s) with which the individual property is associated.
For example, enter the historic district name and inventory
number of the district for a house that is part of a residential
historic district.
Associated Multiple Property
Form (Name & Inventory No.)
Note: a property associated with a linear historic district may
have more than one Multiple Property Form. For example, a
property associated with a segment within a longer linear historic
district.
Separate multiple property forms with a semicolon.
20
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
General Information
Field Name
Instructions
Select "Updated" if the property was previously surveyed and
assigned an inventory number.
New or Updated Form
Select "New" if the property was not previously surveyed and/or
not assigned an inventory number.
Select "Yes" or "No."
Extant
"No" will apply only to previously surveyed properties that no
longer exist (have been demolished or moved) and for which an
updated form is being prepared.
Select survey type from the dropdown menu. Select
"Reconnaissance" for surveys conducted as part of the Review
Survey Type
and Compliance process that combines Phase I/Phase II surveys.
Property Evaluations are considered intensive surveys.
Enter MnHPO Review and Compliance Number (if known).
Review and Compliance Number
Leave blank if a Review and Compliance Number has not been
assigned or is not applicable.
Enter federal, state, or local agency project number (if known).
Agency Project Number
Leave blank if no agency project number is assigned or is not
applicable.
Enter MNHS Grant Number.
MNHS Grant Number
Leave blank if the survey is not a MNHS grant -funded project.
21
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Location Information
Field Name
Instructions
Enter legal address of the property as assigned by city or county
tax assessor's office. For properties that encompass more than
one address enter the appropriate address range. For example,
300-340 Mills Street.
If street number is not known approximate based on other known
adjacent addresses. For example, "approximately 595 Girard
Avenue."
If there is no legal address or it is unknown, enter location
description including the name of the road, nearby intersections,
and appropriate distances to key points. For example,
"approximately 150 feet south of the southeast corner of Girard
Street Address
Avenue and Pleasant Street."
Do not write out and do not use superscript for numbered street
names. For example, use "4th," not "Fourth" or "41"
Do not use abbreviations for road name such as Street, Avenue,
West, etc. For example, do not use "St.," "Ave.," "W.," etc.
North, South, East, and West should come after the street name
not before it. For example, 123 Pleasant Street South.
For a bridge, describe the feature carried/feature crossed. For
example, Trunk Highway 7 over Huntington Creek.
Select the county where the surveyed property is located from
County
the dropdown menu.
Enter each of the counties in which the property extends if
If Multiple, List All Counties
"Multiple" was selected above.
Below
Separate multiple counties with a semicolon.
Select the city or township where the property is located from the
dropdown menu.
City/Township
Note: A county must be selected to access dropdown options.
22
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Location Information
Field Name
Instructions
Enter each of the cities or townships in which the property
If Multiple, List All
extends if "Multiple" was selected above.
Cities/Townships Below
Separate multiple cities or townships with a semicolon.
Provide the number of acres comprising the property.
Total Acres
Acreage should be accurate to the nearest whole acre. If the
property is substantially smaller than one acre, "less than one
acre" may be entered.
Select the appropriate USGS 7.5 -minute Quad or Quads from the
dropdown menu.
USGS 7.5 Quad Name(s)
Separate multiple Quad names with a semicolon.
This section is based on the U.S. Public Land Survey System
(PLSS). For more information visit the U.S. Geological Survey's
Public Land System map and article available at:
http://nationalmap.gov/small scale/a plss.html.
Township -Range -Section
Enter the portion of the section where the property is located.
The size of the property will determine how many of the Qtr
Qtr fields
fields are filled out. However, in most cases the Qtr fields will be
completed down to the QtrQtrQtr.
If the property extends into more than one section, enter
information for both sections.
Enter subdivision name from legal description as defined by the
city or county tax assessor's office.
Urban: Subdivision
Separate multiple blocks with a semicolon.
Enter block from legal description as defined by the city or county
tax assessor's office.
Urban: Block(s)
Separate multiple blocks with a semicolon.
Enter lot from legal description as defined by the city or county
tax assessor's office.
Urban: Lot(s)
Separate multiple lots with a semicolon.
Enter the Property Identification Number from the city or county
Property Identification Number
tax assessor's office, if known.
(PIN)
Separate multiple PINS with a semicolon.
23
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Location Information
Field Name
Instructions
UTM Coordinates: Datum
Enter the datum (1927 or 1983) for the set of UTM coordinates.
Previous Individual
This section is based on NPS guidelines. For more information see
Determination
National Register Bulletin 16A: How to Complete the National
Register Registration Form available at:
(https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrbl6a/).
Enter the UTM zone for the property based on the UTM grid.
UTM Coordinates: UTM Zone
If one or more boxes are checked, select if the individual resource
For properties consisting of ten (10) acres or less, enter the UTM
Previous District Determination
reference for the point corresponding to the center of the
property.
For properties consisting of ten (10) acres or more, enter three
(3) or more UTM references.
UTM Coordinates: Easting
Enter the six (6) -digit easting site coordinate
UTM Coordinates: Northing
Enter the seven (7) -digit northing site coordinate
Previous Determinations
Field Name
Instructions
Select all applicable box(es).
Previous Individual
Determination
Leave blank if no previous determinations have been made.
Select all applicable box(es) if the resource is within a listed or
designated historic district.
If one or more boxes are checked, select if the individual resource
previously contributed or did not contribute to the historic
Previous District Determination
district. If there is more than one district designation, enter the
National Register district historic name in this District Name
section and include other district names in the statement of
significance.
Leave blank if no previous determinations have been made.
24
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Classification
Field Name
Instructions
Historic: Function/Use Category
Enter the historic name(s) and inventory number(s) of
Historic: Function/Use Category (if
individual resources directly associated with the property being
documented in this inventory form. For example, a garage.
other)
Note: some ancillary properties will not meet individual
Associated properties
Select historic function or use subcategory from the dropdown
inventory criteria and will not have an inventory number. These
Historic: Function/Use Subcategory
should still be noted in this field, omitting the inventory
(if other)
number.
Current: Function/Use Category
Leave blank if there are no associated properties.
Property Category
Select the appropriate category from the dropdown menu.
Enter the number of resources located on the property.
Number of Resources on the
Property
Include all resources, even those that were not individually
inventoried, such as garages.
Function or Use
Field Name
Instructions
Historic: Function/Use Category
Select historic function or use from the dropdown menu.
Historic: Function/Use Category (if
Enter historic function or use if "Other" was selected above.
other)
Historic: Function/Use Subcategory
Select historic function or use subcategory from the dropdown
menu.
Historic: Function/Use Subcategory
Enter historic function or use subcategory if "Other" was
(if other)
selected above.
Current: Function/Use Category
Select current function or use from the dropdown menu.
Current: Function/Use Category (if
Enter current function or use if "Other" was selected above.
other)
Current: Function/Use Subcategory
Select current function or use subcategory from the dropdown
menu.
Current: Function/Use Subcategory
Enter current function or use subcategory if "Other" was
(if other)
selected above.
25
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Description
Field Name
Instructions
Provide full narrative description in the narrative description
field or on continuation sheet(s).
Narrative Description
See Section VIII. C. 1— Narrative Description for more
information.
Select the appropriate architectural style of the primary
resource from the dropdown menu.
Architectural Style
If more research is recommended, include the kind(s) of
Historic Places Criteria
Select "Other" for structures (such as a road or bridge).
Enter style if "Other" was selected above.
Architectural Style (if other)
If an unlisted style is assigned to the property, explain its
architectural features and design elements (including
construction methods) in the narrative description.
Select the primary exterior material from the dropdown menu.
If multiple materials are present, choose the primary facade's
most prevalent.
Exterior Material
Choose the material of the main structural system for
structures.
Exterior Material (if other)
Enter the kind of material if "Other" is selected above.
Significance
Field Name
Instructions
Provide the full statement of significance narrative in the
statement of significance field or on a continuation sheet(s).
Statement of Significance
See Section VIII. C. 2 — Statement of Significance for more
information.
Indicate if the property does or does not have significance for
each criterion, or if more research is recommended.
Applicable National Register of
If more research is recommended, include the kind(s) of
Historic Places Criteria
information needed to make a significance recommendation in
the statement of significance.
Leave blank if significance was not assessed or reassessed.
26
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
27
Check "Yes" or "No" if National Register Criteria Considerations
apply. If a consideration applies, explain in the statement of
Criteria Considerations
significance.
Leave blank if significance was not assessed or reassessed.
Select the primary area of significance for a property from the
dropdown menu.
Area of Significance
Leave blank if area of significance was not defined.
Enter additional areas of significance that apply to the property.
Additional or Other Areas of
Enter area of significance if "other" was selected above and
Significance
explain the area in the statement of significance.
Separate multiple areas of significance with a semicolon.
Enter dates for one or more periods when the property
attained significance.
Period(s) of Significance
Leave blank if period of significance was not defined.
Enter the year(s) of construction. If exact date is unknown or
Date Constructed
cannot be determined, use a circa date. For example, ca. 1910.
Enter other significant construction dates, such as major
alterations or additions.
Other Significant Construction
Dates
If exact date is unknown or cannot be determined include a
circa date. For example, ca. 1910. Explain significance of the
date(s) in the statement of significance.
Enter source for construction date, such as cornerstone, tax
assessor, professional judgment, etc.
Date Source(s)
As appropriate, enter full citation in the bibliography.
27
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Bibliography
Field Name
Enter the full name of the individual who designed the
Preparer Name and Title
property. Enter the last name first. For example, Rapson, Ralph.
Organization/Firm (if applicable)
If more than one person contributed to the design, list the
Bibliography
principal individual in this field and address others in the
statement of significance.
Architect/Builder/Engineer
If the property is the work of a firm or agency and not an
individual, enter the firm or agency name.
Leave blank if no individual or firm is credited with design or
construction.
Enter source of the designer information. For example,
newspaper, architectural history publication, neighbors, etc.
Architect/Builder/Engineer
Leave blank if there is no known firm or individual credited with
Documentation
the design or construction.
As appropriate, enter full citation in the bibliography.
Bibliography
Field Name
Instructions
Preparer Name and Title
Provide primary and secondary sources on continuation
Organization/Firm (if applicable)
sheet(s).
Bibliography
Provide the date the inventory form was completed (not the
date fieldwork was conducted).
See Section VII. C. 3 - Bibliography for more information.
Additional Documentation
See Section VII. D. - Inventory Forms - Required Additional Documentation
Preparer's Information and Recommendation
Field Name
Instructions
Preparer Name and Title
Enter the name and title of the individual preparing the form.
Organization/Firm (if applicable)
Enter the preparer's organization or firm.
Date Inventory Form Prepared
Provide the date the inventory form was completed (not the
date fieldwork was conducted).
28
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form Instructions
Preparer's Information and Recommendation
Field Name
Instructions
Note preparer's recommendation by selecting all appropriate
box(es).
Recommended Individual
Check the "More Information Needed for Evaluation" for
Evaluation
potentially significant properties that have not been evaluated.
Leave blank if no eligibility recommendation is being made.
Check the box if the individual resource is within a historic
district that is being recommended eligible for listing in the
National Register or for local designation (i.e., the property is
within the district boundaries and the district, as a whole, has
been evaluated). If so, note the resources' contributing or
noncontributing status to that district.
Include the name of the historic district and inventory number.
Recommended District Evaluation
If there is more than one district designation, enter the
National Register district name and inventory number in this
section. Include other district name(s) and inventory number(s)
in the Associated Multiple Property Form field in the General
Information section.
Leave blank if no eligibility recommendation is being made.
Field Name Instructions
Minnesota Historic Preservation
Office Comments (HPD Use Only) HPD use only.
29
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
C. Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
The Multiple Property Form should be used to record historic districts and groups of related resources
or complexes. Instructions for the completion of the Multiple Property Form are provided in the table
below. Do not use abbreviations or codes, unless otherwise noted in the table. If additional space is
needed to complete a field provide the information on a continuation sheet(s). The continuation
sheet(s) should include a header that matches that on pages 2-4 of the inventory form. For definitions
and guidance on field names see National Register Bulletin 16A: How to Complete the National Register
Registration Form available at: https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrbl6a/.
General Information
Field Name
Instructions
Enter the historic name of the property.
As linear historic districts may have more than one Multiple
Historic Name
Property Form (or example, segments with associated
properties within a longer linear historic district), enter the
historic name that corresponds to the property being
documented by this form.
If the property has additional names, such as a common name,
current name, or other known name, enter them in this field.
Other Names
Separate multiple names with a semicolon.
Leave blank if no other names have been identified.
Enter the inventory number assigned by the HPD. The inventory
number is a three-part code that identifies the county, civil
subdivision, and individual property number. For example, HE -
MPC -3420: Hennepin County — Minneapolis — assigned property
Inventory Number
number.
If the property does not already have an inventory number,
request one from the HPD. All forms must have an inventory
number prior to submittal.
Select the multiple property category from the dropdown
Multiple Property Category
menu.
Multiple Property Category (if
Enter alternate property category (farmstead, campus, park,
other)
etc.) if "Other" was selected above.
30
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
General Information
Field Name
Instructions
Select "Updated" if the property was previously surveyed and
assigned an inventory number.
New or Updated Form
Select "New" if the property was not previously surveyed
and/or not assigned an inventory number.
Select "Yes" or "No."
Extant
No, will apply only to previously surveyed properties that no
longer exist (have been demolished or moved) and for which an
updated form is being prepared.
Select survey type from the dropdown menu. Select
"Reconnaissance" for surveys conducted as part of the Review
and Compliance process that combines Phase I/Phase II
Survey Type
surveys.
Property Evaluations are considered intensive surveys.
Enter MnHPO Review and Compliance Number (if known).
Review and Compliance Number
Leave blank if a Review and Compliance Number has not been
assigned or is not applicable.
Enter federal, state, or local agency project number (if known).
Agency Project Number
Leave blank if no agency project number is assigned or is not
applicable.
Enter MNHS Grant Number.
MNHS Grant Number
Leave blank if the survey is not a MNHS grant -funded project.
31
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Location Information
Field Name
Instructions
Enter legal address of the property as assigned by city or county
tax assessor's office. Do not enter an owner's address.
Enter either the inclusive street address numbers for all
properties or a rough description of the boundaries. For example,
12-193 Mills Street, 380 Selby Avenue, or 20-125 Delaware Place.
Verbal boundary descriptions are also acceptable. For example,
roughly bounded by Smithfield Lake, North Avenue, Lowell
Avenue, and Main Street.
Enter the district, forest, reserve, or other organizational division
identifying the location of the property for federally owned
properties. For example, Chippewa National Forest.
Street Address
If there is no legal address or it is unknown, enter location
description including the name of the road, nearby intersections,
and appropriate distances to key points. For example,
"approximately 150 feet south of the southeast corner of Girard
Avenue and Pleasant Street."
Do not write out and do not use superscript for numbered street
names. For example, use "4th," not "Fourth" or "41"
Do not use abbreviations for road name such as Street, Avenue,
West, etc. For example, do not use "St.," "Ave.," "W.," etc.
North, South, East, and West should come after the street name
not before it. For example, 123 Pleasant Street South.
Select the county where the surveyed property is located from
County
the dropdown menu.
Enter each of the counties in which the property extends if
If Multiple, List All Counties
"Multiple" was selected above.
Below
Separate multiple counties with a semicolon.
32
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Location Information
Field Name
Instructions
Select the city or township where the property is located from the
dropdown menu.
City/Township
Note: A county must be selected to access dropdown options.
Enter each of the cities or townships in which the property
If Multiple, List All
extends if "Multiple" was selected above.
Cities/Townships Below
Separate multiple cities or townships with a semicolon.
Provide the number of acres comprising the property.
Total Acres
Acreage should be accurate to the nearest whole acre. If the
property is substantially smaller than one acre, "less than one
acre" may be entered.
Select the appropriate USGS 7.5 -minute Quad or Quads from the
dropdown menu.
USGS 7.5 Quad Name(s)
Separate multiple Quad names with a semicolon.
This section is based on the U.S. Public Land Survey System
(PLSS). For more information visit the U.S. Geological Survey's
Public Land System map and article available at:
http://nationalmap.gov/small scale/a plss.html.
Enter the portion of the section where the property is located.
Township -Range -Section
The size of the property will determine how many of the Qtr
fields are filled out. However, in most cases the Qtr fields will be
completed down to the QtrQtrQtr.
Qtr fields
If the property extends into more than one section, enter
information for both sections.
Often linear historic districts cross through multiple sections.
Complete a continuation sheet if more space is needed to record
all the legal descriptions.
Enter subdivision name from legal description as defined by the
city or county tax assessor's office.
Urban: Subdivision
Separate multiple subdivisions with a semicolon.
Enter block from legal description as defined by the city or county
tax assessor's office.
Urban: Block(s)
Separate multiple blocks with a semicolon.
33
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Location Information
Field Name
Instructions
Enter lot from legal description as defined by the city or county
tax assessor's office.
Urban: Lot(s)
If there is more than one district designation, enter the National
Previous Determinations
Separate multiple lots with a semicolon.
Enter the Property Identification Number from the city or county
Property Identification Number
tax assessor's office, if known.
(PIN)
Separate multiple PINS with a semicolon.
UTM Coordinates: Datum
Enter the datum (1927 or 1983) for the set of coordinates.
This section is based on NPS guidelines. For more information see
National Register Bulletin 16A: How to Complete the National
Register Registration Form available at:
(haps://www.nps.�ov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrbl6a/).
Enter the UTM zone for the property based on the UTM grid.
UTM Coordinates: UTM Zone
For properties consisting of ten (10) acres or less, enter the UTM
reference for the point corresponding to the center of the
property.
For properties consisting of ten (10) acres or more, enter three
(3) or more UTM references.
UTM Coordinates: Easting
Enter the six (6) -digit easting site coordinate
UTM Coordinates: Northing
Enter the seven (7) -digit northing site coordinate
Previous Determinations
Field Name
Instructions
Select all box(es) indicating previous determination(s) for the
property being documented by this form.
If there is more than one district designation, enter the National
Previous Determinations
Register district name in this section and include other district
names on a continuation sheet.
Leave blank if no previous determination was made.
34
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Classification
Field Name
Instructions
Historic: Function/Use Category
Enter the number of buildings, structures, sites, and objects
Historic: Function/Use Category
considered contributing to the property.
Number of Resources
Enter historic function or use if "Other" was selected above.
(Contributing)
Select historic function or use subcategory from the dropdown
Subcategory
Include all resources, even those that were not individually
Historic: Function/Use
inventoried, such as garages.
subcategory (if other)
Enter the number of buildings, structures, sites, and objects
Current: Function/Use Category
considered noncontributing to the property.
Number of Resources
(Noncontributing)
Include all resources, even those that were not individually
inventoried, such as garages.
Enter the historic name(s) and inventory number(s) of properties
directly associated with the property being documented by this
form.
If the property has many ancillary individual properties, list them
Associated Properties (Name and
Inventory Number)
in a table on a continuation sheet, and include historic name,
address (if known), inventory number, and
contributing/noncontributing status recommendation.
Include all resources, even those that were not individually
inventoried, omitting the inventory number.
Function or Use
Field Name
Instructions
Historic: Function/Use Category
Select historic function or use from the dropdown menu.
Historic: Function/Use Category
(if other)
Enter historic function or use if "Other" was selected above.
Historic: Function/Use
Select historic function or use subcategory from the dropdown
Subcategory
menu.
Historic: Function/Use
Enter historic function or use subcategory if "Other" was selected
subcategory (if other)
above.
Current: Function/Use Category
Select current function or use from the dropdown menu.
35
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Function or Use
Field Name
Instructions
Current: Function/Use Category
Provide full narrative description in the narrative description field
(if other)
Enter current function or use if "Other" was selected above.
Current: Function/Use
Select current function or use subcategory from the dropdown
Subcategory
menu.
Current: Function/Use
Enter current function or use subcategory if "Other" was selected
Subcategory (if other)
above.
Description
Field Name
Instructions
Provide full narrative description in the narrative description field
or on continuation sheet(s).
Narrative Description
See Section VIII. C. 1— Narrative Description for more
information.
Enter all appropriate architectural styles from the Style List
provided in Appendix A.
Architectural Style
Select "Other" for structures (such as a road or bridge).
Separate multiple architectural styles with a semicolon.
Enter style if "Other" was selected above.
Architectural Style (if other)
If an unlisted style is assigned to the property, explain its
architectural features and design elements (including
construction methods) in the narrative description.
Select the primary exterior material from the dropdown menu. If
multiple materials, choose the primary facade's most prevalent.
Exterior Material
Choose the material of the main structural system for structures.
Exterior material (if other)
Enter the kind of material if "Other" is selected above.
Significance
Field Name
Instructions
Provide the full statement of significance narrative in the
statement of significance field or on continuation sheet(s).
Statement of Significance
See Section VIII. C. 2 — Statement of Significance for more
information.
36
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Significance
Field Name
Instructions
Indicate if the property does or does not have significance for
each criterion, or if more research is recommended.
Applicable National Register
If more research is recommended, include the kind(s) of
Criteria
information needed to make a significance recommendation in
the statement of significance.
Leave blank if significance was not assessed or reassessed.
Check "Yes" or "No" if National Register Criteria Considerations
apply. If a consideration applies, explain in the Statement of
Criteria Considerations
Significance.
Leave blank if significance was not assessed or reassessed.
Select the primary area of significance for a property from the
dropdown menu.
Area(s) of Significance
Leave blank if area of significance was not defined.
Enter additional areas of significance that apply to the property.
Additional or Other Areas of
Enter area of significance if "other" was selected above and
Significance
explain the area in the statement of significance.
Separate multiple areas of significance with a semicolon.
Enter dates for one or more periods when the property attained
significance.
Period(s) of Significance
Leave blank if period of significance was not defined.
Enter the year(s) of construction. If exact date is unknown or
cannot be determined, use a circa date. For example, ca. 1910.
Date(s) Constructed
Enter construction date ranges for contributing resources. For
example, 1890-1925.
Enter other significant construction dates, such as major
alterations or additions.
Other Significant Construction
Dates
If exact date is unknown or cannot be determined include a circa
date. For example, ca. 1910. Explain significance of the date(s) in
the statement of significance.
37
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Significance
Field Name
Instructions
Preparer Name and Title
Enter source for construction date, such as cornerstone, tax
Bibliography
assessor, professional judgment, etc.
Date Source(s)
See Section VII. C. 3 - Bibliography for more information.
As appropriate, enter full citation in the bibliography.
Enter the full name of the individual who designed the property.
Enter the last name first. For example, Rapson, Ralph. If more
than one person contributed to the design, then list the principal
individual in this field and address others in the statement of
significance.
Architect/Builder/Engineer
If the property is the work of a firm or agency and not an
individual, enter the firm or agency name.
Leave blank if no individual or firm is credited with design or
construction.
Enter source of the designer information. For example,
newspaper, architectural history publication, neighbors, etc.
Architect/Builder/Engineer
Leave blank if there is no known firm or individual credited with
Documentation
the design or construction.
As appropriate, enter full citation in the bibliography.
Bibliography
Field Name
Instructions
Preparer Name and Title
Provide primary and secondary sources on continuation sheet(s).
Bibliography
Enter the preparer's organization or firm.
See Section VII. C. 3 - Bibliography for more information.
Additional Documentation
See Section VII. D. - Inventory Forms - Required Additional Documentation
Preparer's Information and Recommendation
Field Name
Instructions
Preparer Name and Title
Enter the name and title of the individual preparing the form.
Organization/Firm (if applicable)
Enter the preparer's organization or firm.
38
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form Instructions
Preparer's Information and Recommendation
Field Name
Instructions
Provide the date the inventory form was completed (not the date
Date Inventory Form Prepared
fieldwork was conducted).
Note preparer's recommendation by selecting all appropriate
box(es).
Recommended District
Check the "More Information Needed for Evaluation" for
Evaluation
potentially significant properties that have not been evaluated.
Leave blank if no eligibility recommendation is being made.
Field Name Instructions
Minnesota Historic Preservation
office Comments (HPD Use Only) HPD use only.
39
C. Narratives — Individual and Multiple Property Forms
The following instructions apply to both the Individual Property Form and the Multiple Property Form.
Each narrative field on the digital PDF form is expandable. The narratives can be completed by typing
directly into the box or by copying and pasting text into each box. While these fields accommodate some
formatting (bold, italics, etc.), they cannot hold tables, images, or footnotes. Continuation sheets can
also be used; enter "see continuation sheet" in the form field. Parenthetical citations may be used in the
narratives, with full citations included in the bibliography. For citation format refer to Kate L. Turabian's
Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (eighth edition) or other widely
acceptable sources of citation.
1) Narrative Description
Reconnaissance level survey: Provide a brief description of the property. For individual
properties include a discussion of its setting, overall form, type, style, method of construction,
size, and significant architectural features.
For districts and complexes include the natural and designed elements, architectural styles,
general physical relationships of the resources, general character, open space, etc.18 The
description should focus on the exterior of the resource(s). Ancillary resources should also be
listed and briefly described.
If a style is assigned to the property that is not included in the dropdown menu or the identical
style list Appendix A, explain the architectural features and design elements (including
construction methods) that led to the style choice.
Intensive level survey: Provide a detailed description of the property. For individual properties
provide a description of the property's exterior, including an explanation of its setting, overall
form, type, style, method of construction, size, and significant architectural features. Note the
architectural footprint, massing, and style, including the number of stories, exterior construction
materials, roof form, architectural details, decorative elements, fenestration, porches,
chimneys, outbuildings, and landscaping. If the interior is accessible, the description should also
include its detail.
For properties with multiple resources, such as districts and complexes, etc., include a
description of the natural and designed elements, architectural styles, general physical
relationships of the resources, general character, and open spaces, etc. The narrative should
describe, at minimum, the primary facades of each resource.
Include a discussion of original design features versus additions or alterations, noting the date of
each. Address in detail all seven aspects of integrity.
18 For additional information on describing historic properties see Bulletin 16A, 28-34.
.N
If a style was assigned to the property that was not included in the style dropdown menu,
explain the architectural features and design elements (including construction methods) that led
to the style choice.
2) Statement of Significance
Reconnaissance level survey: Include information about potential for significance based on the
reconnaissance survey. This should include any information found on previous inventory forms.
Site-specific research is not expected to be conducted for this level of survey; it is not expected
that surveyors compile a chain of title (for owner history, etc.), or review census records (for
occupant history), or city directories (also for occupant history). Limit the inventory form
narrative specifically to the property.
Intensive level survey: Provide property history including construction history, ownership, and
analysis of the property within applicable historic contexts. Limit the inventory form narrative
specifically to the property. This research should consist of both primary and secondary
research. Site-specific research is expected to be conducted for this level of survey; it is
expected that surveyors compile, at minimum, a chain of title (for owner history, etc.), review
census records (for occupant history), and city directories (also for occupant history).
Provide a narrative detailing how the property meets or does not meet National Register Criteria
A, B, C, and D at the local, state, or national level. If the property is being evaluated for local
designation provide applicable criteria and discuss how the property does or does not meet
those criteria. The narrative should place the property within a context of similar properties. For
properties recommended eligible, detail the applicable area(s) of significance, period(s) of
significance, associated context(s), and associated Multiple Property Documentation Form(s) as
applicable. Note also if a property is recommended eligible with criteria consideratio ns.19
3) Bibliography
List primary and secondary sources used to prepare the inventory form. Cite any historic contexts or
Multiple Property Documentation Forms used to evaluate the property. If the inventory form was
prepared as part of a survey with a final survey report, include the citation of the survey report. For
citation format refer to Kate L. Turabian's Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations (eighth edition) or other widely acceptable source of citation.
D. Inventory Forms — Required Additional Documentation
Required additional documentation should be submitted on continuation sheets that include a header
that matches that on pages 2-4 of the inventory form as well as page numbers (e.g. Additional
19 Bulletin 15 can be found on the NPS website: https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/pdfs/nrbl5.pdf.
41
Documentation 1 of 4). Submit the inventory form, continuation sheets, and all additional
documentation as a single PDF.
1) Photographs
Inventory forms must contain photographs documenting the property at the time of survey. All
photographs are an official record of the property or resources. Careful photographic practices should
be followed. Photographs must meet the following requirements:
• photographs must be embedded on continuation sheets;
• photographs should be no smaller than 4" x 6" in size;
• at least one photograph of each primary elevation is required for every inventoried resource.
Generally a 3/4 view of the resource is preferred. Additional photographs of ancillary resources
or showing the relationship of multiple resources can be included, as applicable;
• for a district or complex, include a minimum of four photographs that provide an overview of
the property's character and representative images of its resources (these are generally
referenced as "streetscape" photographs);
• provide photo captions that include the property's inventory number, image capture date, view,
and subject. For example, ST-OWA-002, June 2017, front elevation, looking north; and
• if a resource being resurveyed is no longer extant, include a photograph of its former location.
2) Maps
Location maps are required for all survey forms and must indicate the location of the resource(s) within
the boundaries of the survey area. All maps must be suitable for reproduction in black and white.
Plat maps, street maps, USGS topographic maps, aerial images, or internet-based tools can be used to
generate maps. For urban properties, a city plat or aerial may be an appropriate base map. For rural
properties, a USGS topographic map or an aerial map may be appropriate. The map must include a scale
and north arrow, and public roads should be labeled. Instructions for Individual Property Form and
Multiple Property Form maps follow.
Individual Property Form: Include a map showing the property, including all ancillary structures, and the
position of the property within its city or township.
Multiple Property Form: Include two maps: one showing the location of the property and its position in
a larger context, such as within its city or township, and one that shows all of the resources included
within the Multiple Property Form.
The second map is a site plan and must include the boundaries of the overall property. The map must
indicate the contributing/noncontributing status of each individual resource.
42
IX. Submittal Requirements
Inventory forms and continuation sheets must be submitted in both hard copy and PDF digital format
for all HPD programs. If a survey is produced using an MNHS grant, submission guidelines are stated in
the grants manual and agreement. Submission requirements are the responsibility of the grantee.
Frequently, initial submissions or drafts require revisions based on comments provided by the HPD. Hard
copy documentation (forms and reports) should be in color and double -sided. All survey materials
submitted become the property of the HPD, along with copyright/reproduction rights.
Each inventory form must be saved as an individual PDF and named using the property's unique
inventory number. The HPD also asks that copies of databases or Excel tables developed for a survey
project be submitted. Please coordinate with the HPD regarding submittal of additional deliverables.
43
Submission Quick Reference Guide for all HPD survey projects
A complete submission consists of both digital and print materials.
Draft Products:
• One unbound print copy of the draft survey report meeting all NPS and HPD standards and
guidelines.
• One digital Word format copy of the draft survey report meeting all NPS and HPD standards and
guidelines.
• One printed copy of each draft individual and multiple property inventory form, including,
continuation sheets, and additional documentation meeting all HPD standards. Printed forms
should be printed in color and double -sided.
• A single digital PDF that includes all draft individual and multiple property inventory forms,
including, continuation sheets, and additional documentation meeting all HPD standards.
Final Products:
• One bound print copy of the final survey report meeting all NPS and HPD standards and
guidelines.
• One digital Word format copy of the final survey report meeting all NPS and HPD standards and
guidelines.
• One printed copy of each final individual and multiple property inventory form, including,
continuation sheets, and additional documentation meeting all HPD standards. Printed forms
should be printed in color and double -sided.
• One digital PDF copy of each final individual and multiple property inventory form, including,
continuation sheets, and additional documentation meeting all HPD standards. Digital files
should be saved individually and named using the inventory number.
To facilitate a future digital database and assist with keeping our current database accurate. The HPD
requests that final submissions also include the following information, if it is available, as the HPD
anticipates they will become required at a point in the future.
• A complete copy of the database or Excel table developed for the survey.
• An image of each surveyed property on a compact disc (CD). Preferably, each image will have a
minimum resolution of 300 ppi and be at least 3000 pixels on the longest side (approximately 8" x
10") and named using the inventory number.
Appendix A. Architectural Style List for Inventory Form
The following is the list of architectural styles for the "Style" field on the inventory form. If a style is not
on the list, select "Other.".
Art Deco
Georgian
Organic Expressionism
Art Moderne
Georgian Cottage
Oriental Revival
Art Nouveau
Georgian Revival
Other
Beaux Arts
Googie
Post -Medieval English
Brutalism
Gothic Revival
Prairie
Bungalow
Greek Revival
Pueblo Revival
Carpenter Gothic
High Victorian Eclectic
Queen Anne
Chateauesque
High Victorian Gothic
Ranch
Chicago Style
International
Renaissance Revival
Classical Revival
Italian Renaissance
Richardsonian
Collegiate Gothic
Revival
Romanesque
Colonial Revival
Italianate
Roman Revival
Commercial Italianate
Jacobean orJacobethan
Romanesque Revival
Commercial Style
Jacobean Revival
Rustic
Corporate Modernism
Late Gothic Revival
Second Empire
Corporate
Late Victorian
Second Gothic Revival
Postmodernism
Commercial
Second Modernism
Craftsman
Mediterranean Revival
Second Renaissance
Deco nstructivism
Miesian
Revival
Dutch Colonial Revival
Mission/Spanish
Shingle Style
Eclectic Period Revival
Colonial Revival
Skyscraper
Egyptian Revival
Moderne
Spanish Colonial
Elizabethan
Monumental Classicism
Stick/East Lake
Elizabethan Revival
Moorish Revival
Streamlined Moderne
English Cottage
Neo Classical
Stripped Classical
English Gothic
Neo -Formalism
Sullivanesque
Federal
Neo -Mediterranean
Swiss Chalet, Swiss
Folk Victorian
Neo -Modernism
Tudor Revival
French Colonial
Neo -Traditional
WPA Rustic
French Renaissance
Neo -Tudor
Revival
Octagon Mode
45
Appendix B. Secretary of the Interior's Standards
The following standards and criteria apply to the work detailed in this survey manual. The information is
provided as a reference tool. Additional information on each standard can be found under the Secretary
of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation and is available on
the NPS website: https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch stnds O.htm.
Professional Qualifications Standards
The Professional Qualification Standards are those set by the National Park Service and are published in
the Code of Federal Regulations, 36 CFR Part 61. The qualifications define minimum education and
experience required to perform identification, evaluation, registration, and treatment activities. Historic
preservation often requires the combination of multiple disciplines. It may be necessary to seek multiple
professionals to ensure a thorough understanding of the properties and the applicable contexts.
History
The minimum professional qualifications in history are a graduate degree in history or closely related
field; or a bachelor's degree in history or closely related field plus one of the following:
1. At least two years of full-time experience in research, writing, teaching, interpretation, or other
demonstrable professional activity with an academic institution, historic organization or agency,
museum, or other professional institution; or
2. Substantial contribution through research and publication to the body of scholarly knowledge in
the field of history.
Archaeology
The minimum professional qualifications in archaeology are a graduate degree in archaeology,
anthropology, or closely related field plus:
1. At least one year of full-time professional experience or equivalent specialized training in
archaeological research, administration or management;
2. At least four months of supervised field and analytic experience in general North American
archaeology, and
3. Demonstrated ability to carry research to completion.
In addition to these minimum qualifications, a professional in prehistoric archaeology shall have at least
one year of full-time professional experience at a supervisory level in the study of archaeological
resources of the prehistoric period. A professional in historic archaeology shall have at least one year of
full-time professional experience at a supervisory level in the study of archaeological resources of the
historic period.
Architectural History
The minimum professional qualifications in architectural history are a graduate degree in architectural
history, art history, historic preservation, or closely related field, with coursework in American
architectural history, or a bachelor's degree in architectural history, art history, historic preservation or
closely related field plus one of the following:
1. At least two years of full-time experience in research, writing, or teaching in American
architectural history or restoration architecture with an academic institution, historical
organization or agency, museum, or other professional institution; or
2. Substantial contribution through research and publication to the body of scholarly knowledge in
the field of American architectural history.
Architecture
The minimum professional qualifications in architecture are a professional degree in architecture plus at
least two years of full-time experience in architecture; or a State license to practice architecture.
Historic Architecture
The minimum professional qualifications in historic architecture are a professional degree in
architecture or a State license to practice architecture, plus one of the following:
1. At least one year of graduate study in architectural preservation, American architectural history,
preservation planning, or closely related field; or
2. At least one year of full-time professional experience on historic preservation projects.
Such graduate study or experience shall include detailed investigations of historic structures,
preparation of historic structures research reports, and preparation of plans and specifications for
preservation projects .20
Secretary of Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation
Standards For Identification
Identification activities are undertaken to gather information about historic properties in a particular
locale. The scope of these activities depend on existing knowledge about properties; goals for survey
activities developed in the planning process; current management needs.
Standard I — Identification of Historic Properties Is Undertaken to the Degree Required To Make
Decisions
Standard II — Results of Identification Activities Are Integrated Into the Preservation Planning
Process
Standard III — Identification Activities Include Explicit Procedures for Record -Keeping and
Information Distribution 21
20 The information in this section was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch_stnds-9.htm.
47
Standards For Evaluation
Evaluation is the process of determining whether identified properties meet defined criteria of
significance and therefore should be included in an inventory of historic properties determined to meet
the criteria. The criteria employed vary depending on the inventory's use in resource management.
Standard I — Evaluation of the Significance of Historic Properties Uses Established Criteria
Standard 11 — Evaluation of Significance Applies the Criteria Within Historic Contexts
Standard III — Evaluation Results in A List or Inventory of Significant Properties That Is Consulted In
Assigning Registration and Treatment Priorities
Standard IV — Evaluation Results Are Made Available to the Public22
Standards For Historical Documentation
Historic documentation provides important information related to the significance of a property for use
by historians, researchers, preservationists, architects, and historical archaeologists. Research is used
early in planning to gather information needed to identify and evaluate properties. (These activities are
discussed in the Standards and Guidelines for Preservation Planning and the Standards and Guidelines
for Identification.) Historical documentation is also a treatment that can be applied in several ways to
properties previously evaluated as significant; it may be used in conjunction with other treatment
activities (as the basis for rehabilitation plans or interpretive programs, for example) or as a final
treatment to preserve information in cases of threatened property destruction. These Standards
concern the use of research and documentation as a treatment.
Standard I — Historical Documentation Follows a Research Design that Responds to Needs Identified
in the Planning Process
Standard II — Historical Documentation Employs an Appropriate Methodology to Obtain the
Information Required by The Research Design
Standard III —The Results of Historical Documentation Are Assessed Against the Research Design
and Integrated into the Planning Process
Standard IV —The Results of Historical Documentation Are Reported and Made Available to the
Public23
21 The information in this section was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch_stnds-2.htm.
22 The information in this section was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch_stnds-3.htm.
23 The information in this section was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/history/local-law/arch_stnds-5.htm.
m•'
Appendix C. National Register Criteria for Evaluation
Criteria for Evaluation
The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture is
present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that:
• are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of
our history; or
• are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or
• embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that
represent the work of a master, or distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual
distinction; or
• has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 24
A property must also meet integrity requirements to be eligible. The evaluation of integrity is often a
subjective judgment, but it must always be grounded in an understanding of a property's physical
features and how they relate to its significance and its surroundings.
Integrity of a Property
To retain historic integrity a property will always possess several, and usually most, of the aspects. The
retention of specific aspects of integrity is paramount for a property to convey its significance.
Determining which of these aspects are most important to a particular property requires knowing why,
where, and when the property is significant. 25 Below are the seven aspects of integrity defined by the
NPS.
• Location
• Design
• Setting
• Materials
• Workmanship
• Feeling
• Association
24 National Register Criteria language was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/nR/publications/bulletins/nrb15/NRB15_2.HTM.
25 Integrity discussion and aspect list was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/nr/publications/bulletins/nrbl5/nrbl5 8.htm.
Criteria Considerations
Certain kinds of properties are not usually considered for listing in the National Register. However, such
properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within
the following categories:
A. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or
historical importance;
B. a building or structure removed from its original location but which is significant primarily for
architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a
historic person or event;
C. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no appropriate
site or building associated with his or her productive life;
D. a cemetery which derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent
importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events;
E. a reconstructed property when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in
a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure
with the same association has survived;
F. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has
invested it with its own exceptional significance; or
G. a property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance .26
26 Criteria considerations language was taken directly from the National Park Service website:
https://www.nps.gov/nR/publications/bulletins/nrb15/NRB15 2.HTM.
50
MINNESOTA
Minnesota Individual Property Inventory Form
HISTORICAL
14SOCIETY
Please refer to the Historic and Architectural Survey Manual before completing this form.
Must use Adobe Acrobat Readerto complete and save this form. Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded at: https://aet.adobe.com/reader/?promoid=KLXME
General Information
Historic Name:
Other Names:
Inventory No.:
Associated MN Multiple Property Form (Name and Inventory No.):
New or Updated Form:
Extant:
Survey Type:
Location Information
Street Address:
County:
If Multiple, List All Counties Below:
Total Acres:
USGS 7.5 Quad Name(s):
Township:
Range:
E/W:
QtrQtrQtr:
QtrQtr:
Qtr:
Township:
Range:
E/W:
QtrQtrQtr:
QtrQtr:
Qtr:
Urban:
Subdivision:
Block(s):
Lot(s):
Property Identification Number (PIN):
Previous Determinations
Previous Individual Determination
❑ National Register Listed
❑ NPS DOE
❑ State Register Listed
❑ CEF
❑ SEF
❑ Locally Designated
❑ Not Eligible
Review and Compliance No.:
Agency Proj. No.:
MNHS Grant No.:
City/Twp:
If Multiple, List All Cities/Townships Below:
UTM Coordinates:
Datum:
UTM Zone Easting
Section:
Section:
Previous District Determination:
District Name:
❑ Within a National Register -Listed District
Contributing Status:
❑ Within a State Register -Listed District
Contributing Status:
❑ Within a CEF District
Contributing Status:
Page 1 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Northing
❑ Within a SEF District
Contributing Status:
❑ Within a Locally Designated District
Contributing Status:
Minnesota Individual Property Historic Name:
Inventory Form Inventory No.:
Associated MN Multiple Property Form (Name and Inventory No):
Classification
Associated Properties (Name and Inventory No.):
Property Category:
Function or Use
Historic:
Function/Use Category:
Function/Use Category (if other):
Function/Use Subcategory:
Function/Use Subcategory (if other):
Description
Provide full Narrative Description on Continuation Sheet.
Architectural Style:
Architectural Style (if other):
Exterior Material:
Exterior Material (if other):
Number of Resources on the Property:
Buildings: Structures: Sites: Objects:
Current:
Function/Use Category
Function/Use Category (if other):
Function/Use Subcategory:
Function/Use Subcategory (if other)
Significance
❑ More Research Recommended
Provide full Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet.
❑ More Research Recommended
Applicable National Register of Historic Places Criteria:
❑ More Research Recommended
Criterion A: Property is associated with significant events.
❑ Yes
Criterion B: Property is associated with the lives of significance persons.
❑ Yes
Criterion C: Property has significant architectural characteristics.
❑ Yes
Criterion D: Property may yield important information in history/prehistory.
❑ Yes
Criteria Considerations? ❑ No ❑ Yes
Area of Significance:
Period(s) of Significance:
Date(s) Constructed:
Other Significant Construction Dates:
Date Source(s):
Architect/Builder/Engineer:
Architect/Builder/Engineer Documentation:
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
If yes, describe in Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet.
Additional or Other
Area(s) of Significance:
Discuss in Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet.
Page 2 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Minnesota Individual Property Historic Name:
Inventory Form Inventory No.:
Associated MN Multiple Property Form (Name and Inventory No):
Bibliography
Complete Bibliography on Continuation Sheet.
Additional Documentation
For all properties, the following additional documentation must be submitted with the inventory form. Refer to the Historic and
Architectural Survey Manual for guidance.
1. Photographs
2. Maps
Preparer's Information and Recommendation
Preparer Name and Title:
Organization/Firm (if applicable):
Date Inventory Form Prepared:
Recommended Individual Evaluation
❑ Eligible for the National Register
❑ Not Eligible for the National Register
❑ More Information Needed for Evaluation
❑ Eligible for Local Designation
❑ Not Eligible for Local Designation
❑ More Information Needed for Local Designation
Recommended District Evaluation:
❑ Within a National Register -Eligible District
Contributing Status:
District Name:
District Inventory Number:
❑ Within a Locally -Eligible District
Contributing Status:
District Name:
District Inventory Number:
Minnesota Historic Preservation Office Comments (MnHPO Use Only)
Initials:
Date:
Individual Recommendation (NRNP)
❑ Concur F-1 Does Not Concur ❑ More Information Needed
Historic District Recommendation (NRNP)
❑ Concur F-1 Does Not Concur ❑ More Information Needed
Contributing/Noncontributing Status Recommendation
❑ Concur ❑ Does Not Concur ❑ More Information Needed
Comments:
Page 3 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Minnesota Individual Property Historic Name:
Inventory Form - Continuation Sheet Inventory No.:
Associated MN Multiple Property Form (Name and Inventory No):
Narrative Description
Statement of Significance
Bibliography
Page 4 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Minnesota Multiple Property Inventory Form MINNESOTA
14 HISTORICAL
Please refer to the Historic and Architectural Survey Manual before completing this form. SOCIETY
Must use Adobe Acrobat Readerto complete and save this form. Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded at: https://aet.adobe.com/reader/?promoid=KLXME
General Information
Historic Name:
Other Names:
Inventory No.:
Multiple Property Category:
Multiple Property Category (if other):
New or Updated Form:
Extant:
Survey Type:
Location Information
Street Address:
County:
If Multiple, List All Counties Below:
Total Acres:
USGS 7.5 Quad Name(s):
Township: Range: E/W:
QtrQtrQtr: QtrQtr: Qtr:
Township: Range: E/W:
QtrQtrQtr: QtrQtr: Qtr:
Urban:
Subdivision:
Block(s):
Lot(s):
Property Identification Numbers (PINs):
Section:
Section:
Review and Compliance No.:
Agency Proj. No.:
MNHS Grant No.:
City/Twp:
If Multiple, List All Cities/Townships Below:
UTM Coordinates:
If more space is needed for location information, please submit on a separate sheet.
Previous Determinations
❑ National Register Listed
❑ NPS DOE
❑ State Register Listed
❑ CEF
Datum:
UTM Zone
❑ SEF
❑ Locally Designated
❑ Not Eligible
District Name:
Page 1 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Easting Northing
Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name:
Inventory Form Inventory No.:
Classification
Number of Resources (Contributing): Buildings: Structures: Sites: Objects:
Number of Resources (Noncontributing): Buildings: Structures: Sites: Objects:
Associated Properties (Name and Inventory No.):
Function or Use
Historic:
Function/Use Category
Function/Use Category (if other):
Function/Use Subcategory:
Function/Use Subcategory (if other)
Description
Provide full Narrative Description on Continuation Sheet.
Architectural Style(s):
Architectural Style (if other):
Primary Exterior Material(s):
Exterior Material (if other):
Current:
Function/Use Category
Function/Use Category (if other):
Function/Use Subcategory:
Function/Use Subcategory (if other)
Significance
❑ More Research Recommended
Provide full Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet.
❑ More Research Recommended
Applicable National Register of Historic Places Criteria:
❑ More Research Recommended
Criterion A: Property is associated with significant events.
❑ Yes
Criterion B: Property is associated with the lives of significance persons.
❑ Yes
Criterion C: Property has significant architectural characteristics.
❑ Yes
Criterion D: Property may yield important information in history/prehistory.
❑ Yes
Criteria Considerations? ❑ No ❑ Yes
Area of Significance:
Period(s) of Significance:
Date(s) Constructed
Other Significant Construction Dates:
Date Source(s):
Architect/Builder/Engineer:
Architect/Builder/Engineer Documentation
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
❑ No
❑ More Research Recommended
If yes, describe in Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet.
Additional or Other
Area(s) of Significance:
Discuss in Statement of Significance on Continuation Sheet.
Page 2 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name:
Inventory Form Inventory No.:
Bibliography
Complete Bibliography on Continuation Sheet.
Additional Documentation
For all properties, the following additional documentation must be submitted with the inventory form. Refer to the Historic and
Architectural Survey Manual for guidance.
1. Photographs
2. Location Maps
Preparer's Information and Recommendation
Preparer Name and Title:
Organization/Firm (if applicable):
Date Inventory Form Prepared:
Recommended District Evaluation:
❑ Eligible for the National Register
❑ Not Eligible for the National Register
❑ More Information Needed for National Register Evaluation
❑ Eligible for Local Designation
❑ Not Eligible for Local Designation
❑ More Information Needed for Local Designation
Minnesota Historic Preservation Office Comments (MnHPO Use Only)
Initials: Date:
Historic District Recommendation (NHRP)
❑Concur ❑ Does Not Concur ❑ More Information Needed
Comments:
Page 3 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)
Minnesota Multiple Property Historic Name:
Inventory Form - Continuation Sheet Inventory No.:
Narrative Description
Statement of Significance
Bibliography
Page 4 of 4 (June 2017 Form Version)