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HomeMy WebLinkAbout5.2b HVS Market Study - FINAL 11 30 22 MARKET STUDY Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel US-10/US-61 CORRIDOR COTTAGE GROVE, MINNESOTA SUBMITTED TO:PR OPOSED Ms. Gretchen Larson City of Cottage Grove 12800 Ravine Parkway South Cottage Grove, Minnesota 55016 +1 (651) 458-2830 PREPARED BY: HVS Consulting & Valuation Division of TS Worldwide, LLC 33972 North Oak Drive Pequot Lakes, Minnesota 56472 +1 (303) 588-6558 November-2022 November 30, 2022 Ms. Gretchen Larson City of Cottage Grove 12800 Ravine Parkway South Cottage Grove, Minnesota 55016 Re: Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel Cottage Grove, Minnesota HVS Reference: 2022021420 Dear Ms. Larson: Pursuant to your request, we herewith submit our market study pertaining to the above-captioned property. We have inspected potential site locations and analyzed the hotel market conditions in the Cottage Grove, Minnesota area, and the results of our fieldwork and analysis are presented in this report. We have also made recommendations for the best-suited hotel product for the market area. We hereby certify that we have no undisclosed interest in the property, and our employment and compensation are not contingent upon our findings. This study is subject to the comments made throughout this report and to all assumptions and limiting conditions set forth herein. Sincerely, TS Worldwide, LLC Tanya J. Pierson, MAI, Senior Managing Director TPierson@hvs.com, +1 (303) 588-6558 HVS 33972 North Oak Drive Pequot Lakes, Minnesota 56472 +1 (303) 588-6558 +1 (516) 742-3059 FAX www.hvs.com Table of Contents SECTION TITLE PAGE 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Description of the Sites and Neighborhood 14 3. Market Area Analysis 24 4. Supply and Demand Analysis 45 5. Description of the Proposed Improvements 79 6. Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate 82 7. Projection of Income and Expense 91 8. Statement of Assumptions and Limiting Conditions 110 Addenda Qualifications November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 1 1. Executive Summary The objective of the market study is to examine the current and potential demand for lodging accommodations, as well as the existing and proposed supply in Cottage Grove and surrounding suburbs. This market study report is being prepared for the City of Cottage Grove. The findings of this market study are anticipated to be used to determine if the City of Cottage Grove hotel market has sufficient depth and need to support a new hotel. The City of Cottage Grove is looking into the development of a hotel and multiple site locations are available for such development; however, a specific site had not been chosen at the time of our report. We have analyzed the locations of the sites in regard to their proximity to demand generators, retail establishments, and entertainment venues. Based on interviews conducted with demand generators and our evaluation of the market performance, it is our recommendation that the proposed subject hotel operate as a midscale or upper-midscale limited-service property, such as a Fairfield by Marriott, Hampton by Hilton, Holiday Inn Express, or comparable brand. Given the existence of extended-stay demand in the market, there is the potential for a dual branding of the subject hotel to include some extended-stay rooms in the available inventory. Possible dual-branded hotel combinations include Fairfield/TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Tru/Home2 Suites by Hilton, and Avid/Candlewood Suites. For the purpose of this analysis, we have assumed that the property would open on May 1, 2025 and feature 90 rooms, a breakfast dining area, meeting space for at least 50 people, an indoor pool and whirlpool, a fitness room, a lobby workstation, a market pantry, and a guest laundry room. The hotel would also feature all necessary back-of-the-house space. Objective of the Market Study Intended Use and Audience of the Appraisal Subject of the Market Study November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 2 SITE LOCATIONS CONSIDERED Location Strengths Weaknesses 80th Street Exit (Gateway North) Near several retail and restaurant outlets; close to I-494 Older retail in area requiring redevelopment Jamaica Avenue Exit Proximate to business park, with numerous fast food and shopping venues Lack of full-service restaurants; limited sites close to the highway Keats Avenue Exit (Cottage View) Proximity to business park, Ravine Regional Park, event centers Lack of support businesses nearby (retail, restaurants) as it is undeveloped The effective date of the report is November 30, 2022. The subject sites were inspected by Tanya J. Pierson, MAI on September 12, 2022. In addition to the inspection, Tanya J. Pierson, MAI participated in the research for this assignment and assisted in the report’s preparation. Pertinent Dates November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 3 The hospitality industry has been, and continues to be, affected by a variety of external factors that influence both the lodging and the investment markets. The following paragraphs outline the global factors that are the most impactful to the lodging industry as of the effective date of this report. The COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020 and had a si gnificant impact throughout the world and on the respective economies. The onset of the pandemic resulted in decreased business activity, causing widespread economic hardships, including increases in unemployment. The hospitality industry was severely affected, as travel declined sharply and as restrictions on group sizes resulted in the cancellations of meetings, conventions, and events. The depth and duration of this impact was influenced by the course of the pandemic and the nature and extent of restrictions on business and travel activity; the period of greatest impact was 2020. With the availability of vaccines and lifting of restrictions, conditions generally improved in 2021, although the Omicron variant slowed the recovery in the latter part of the year. Currently, the prevailing market outlook is that the peak impact of the pandemic on the travel industry is behind us. While group meetings and events have resumed, business travel remains below pre-pandemic levels given that office occupancy and work-related travel have been affected by more widespread remote work options. Travel patterns have shifted to include more leisure demand, anticipated to comprise a greater proportion of lodging demand in the future. While ADR and RevPAR have passed 2019 levels in most markets, our research reflects a general expectation that lagging occupancy levels will recover by 2024; the timing and pace of recovery for individual markets will vary based on market-specific characteristics and conditions. Exacerbated by rising oil and gas prices in the wake of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the inflationary trends that first emerged during the pandemic have continued. Driven by supply-chain disruptions and pent-up consumer demand during the pandemic, prices for most goods and services increased substantially. The Federal Reserve is combating inflation through successive interest rate hikes (five thus far this year), with some initial success, as the pace of inflation and job growth have decelerated. However, further increases are possible and expected through the first part of 2023. The risk of a recession has emerged as a concern, as well, affecting the stock market, debt availability, and consumer confidence. The ongoing international conflicts have also contributed to economic uncertainty, continued supply disruptions, and increased energy costs. As a result, the near-term outlook is unclear, and investors are taking an increasingly cautious approach, which, when combined with the recent increases in interest rates, has put downward pressure on real estate values. As of the fourth quarter of 2022, inflation levels are anticipated to remain elevated in the near term, albeit below peak levels. Over the longer term, inflation is expected to moderate back to more normalized levels as the economy moves through the current cycle. Global Considerations November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 4 By its nature, the hospitality industry is a major employer and thus heavily reliant on the cost and availability of labor. Following the onset of the pandemic, roughly 33.0% of jobs were lost across the hotel industry between February 2020 and January 2021, according to Tourism Economics. While many of these jobs have returned, the workforce has not kept pace with the increased employment opportunities, and many hotels continue to report labor shortages. The industry has responded to this issue through wage increases, additional benefits, flexible schedules, and the implementation of cross-training and job sharing, as well as increased use of technology. In response to the pandemic, many hotels revised, downsized, or eliminated some services, particularly in the food and beverage (F&B) and housekeeping departments. Given the ongoing labor shortages, operators are retaining some aspects of these solutions, which should somewhat offset rising labor costs. Nevertheless, notable increases in labor costs are anticipated to continue in the near term. In preparing this report, we have considered the impact of these factors on the lodging and investment markets to the best of our ability, inclusive of the subject of this report. However, our analysis only considers what is known at the time of the effective date of the report, and there is a high degree of uncertainty currently influencing the market and the economy. Details pertaining to management terms were not yet determined at the time of this report; however, we assume that the proposed hotel will be managed by a professional hotel-operating company, with fees deducted at rates consistent with current market standards. Our projections reflect a total management fee of 3.0% of total revenues. We recommend that the proposed subject property operate as a midscale or upper- midscale limited-service hotel. For the purpose of this report, we have assumed that the property would be affiliated with a nationally recognized hotel brand, such as a Fairfield by Marriott, Hampton by Hilton, Holiday Inn Express, or another comparable limited-service brand. However, a specific franchise affiliation was not finalized at the time of this study. We have reviewed the royalty and marketing assessments of the referenced brands, and utilized an average level for the purpose of this analysis as shown in the following table. Management and Franchise Assumptions November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 5 FIGURE 1-1 FRANCHISE FEES Brand Fairfield 5.5%2.5%8.0% Hampton Inn & Suites 6.0%4.0%10.0% Holiday Inn Express 6.0%3.0%9.0% TownePlace Suites 5.5%2.0%7.5% Home2 Suites 5.0%3.5%8.5% Tru by Hilton 5.0%4.0%9.0% Candlewood Suites 5.0%2.5%7.5% Avid 5.0%3.0%8.0% Average 5.4%3.1%8.4% Median 5.3%3.0%8.3% Minimum 5.0%2.0%7.5% Maximum 6.0%4.0%10.0% Fees Selected 5.5%3.0%8.5% Total FeeRoyalty Fee Marketing Fee During the illustrated historical period, both occupancy and ADR generally followed a strengthening trend through 2016. This improvement in market conditions was driven largely by growth in the local economy and retail and commercial development in Woodbury. Occupancy and ADR began to soften in 2017 as new hotels were absorbed by the market. Supply increased by 88.0% between 2015 and 2018 with the opening of the Residence Inn by Marriott and La Quinta Inn & Suites Woodbury in late 2016, the Hampton Inn & Suites Oakdale in late 2017, and the Courtyard by Marriott in Woodbury in January 2018. While occupancy declined to the high 60s in 2018, average rate remained fairly stable due to Super Bowl LII, which was held in Minneapolis. Following the loss of this one-time demand source, RevPAR fell by 10.0% in 2019. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began to affect the local market, similar to the rest of the nation, resulting in stay-at-home orders, group cancellations, and decreased business travel; thus, the 2020 data illustrate a significant decline in occupancy and a roughly $21 loss in ADR. By year- end 2021, occupancy and ADR had recovered a substantial portion of their 2020 losses, gaining traction in the latter half of the year after the wide distribution of vaccines. The year-to-date data through August 2022 reflect continued recovery, with both occupancy and ADR nearing the levels achieved in 2019. Given the return of both commercial and leisure travel as well as the ongoing development in both Woodbury and Cottage Grove, the outlook for the market is optimistic. Summary of Hotel Market Trends November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 6 The following table provides a historical perspective on the supply and demand trends for a selected set of hotels, as provided by STR. FIGURE 1-2 HISTORICAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND TRENDS Year Average Daily Room Count Available Room Nights Change Occupied Room Nights Change Occupancy Average Rate Change RevPAR Change 2009 507 185,055 — 95,505 — 51.6 %$96.36 — $49.73 — 2010 507 185,055 0.0 %116,297 21.8 %62.8 96.51 0.2 %60.65 22.0 % 2011 507 185,055 0.0 124,310 6.9 67.2 101.15 4.8 67.95 12.0 2012 507 185,055 0.0 124,112 (0.2)67.1 106.10 4.9 71.16 4.7 2013 506 184,721 (0.2)129,720 4.5 70.2 112.46 6.0 78.98 11.0 2014 505 184,506 (0.1)131,739 1.6 71.4 118.09 5.0 84.32 6.8 2015 505 184,325 (0.1)136,575 3.7 74.1 120.29 1.9 89.13 5.7 2016 562 205,065 11.3 148,497 8.7 72.4 125.62 4.4 90.97 2.1 2017 746 272,185 32.7 196,385 32.2 72.2 121.18 (3.5)87.43 (3.9) 2018 949 346,385 27.3 237,588 21.0 68.6 123.02 1.5 84.38 (3.5) 2019 949 346,385 0.0 230,585 (2.9)66.6 113.89 (7.4)75.82 (10.1) 2020 949 346,385 0.0 126,181 (45.3)36.4 92.74 (18.6)33.78 (55.4) 2021 949 346,385 0.0 190,974 51.3 55.1 101.33 9.3 55.87 65.4 Year-to-Date Through August 2019 949 230,607 — 159,344 — 69.1 %$114.48 — $79.10 — 2020 949 230,607 0.0 %85,816 (46.1)%37.2 94.38 (17.6)%35.12 (55.6)% 2021 918 223,047 (3.3)126,768 47.7 56.8 98.67 4.5 56.08 59.7 2022 949 230,607 3.4 157,954 24.6 68.5 112.05 13.6 76.75 36.9 Average Annual Compounded Change: 2009 – 2019 6.5 %9.2 %1.7 %4.3 % 2009 – 2020 5.9 2.6 (0.3)(3.5) Competitive Hotels Included in Sample Class Status Hampton by Hilton Inn Minneapolis/St Paul-Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 63 May 2021 Jan 1996 Holiday Inn Express & Suites St Paul Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 100 Aug 1997 Aug 1997 Country Inn & Suites Cottage Grove Upper Midscale Class Primary 76 Jul 2002 Jul 2002 Hilton Garden Inn St Paul Oakdale Upscale Class Secondary 116 Feb 2005 Feb 2005 Sheraton Hotel St Paul Woodbury Upper Upscale Class Secondary 150 Jul 2008 Jul 2008 Residence Inn St Paul Woodbury Upscale Class Secondary 116 Sep 2016 Sep 2016 La Quinta Inns & Suites St Paul - Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 108 Nov 2016 Nov 2016 Hampton by Hilton Inn & Suites St Paul Oakdale/Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 100 Nov 2017 Nov 2017 Courtyard St Paul Woodbury Upscale Class Secondary 120 Jan 2018 Jan 2018 Total 949 Source: STR Number of Rooms Year Opened Year Affiliated The following tables reflect our estimates of operating data for hotels on an individual basis. These trends are presented in detail in the Supply and Demand Analysis chapter of this report. November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 7 FIGURE 1-3 PRIMARY COMPETITORS – OPERATING PERFORMANCE Est. Segmentation Estimated 2019 Estimated 2021 Property Occ.RevPAR RevPAR Occupancy Penetration Yield Penetration Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove 76 40 %10 %50 %76 60 - 65 %$95 - $100 $55 - $60 76 65 - 70 %$95 - $100 $60 - $65 110 - 120 %110 - 120 % Wakota Inn & Suites 31 10 0 90 31 45 - 50 75 - 80 35 - 40 31 45 - 50 70 - 75 35 - 40 85 - 90 60 - 65 Sub-Totals/Averages 107 33 %8 %60 %107 59.2 %$90.11 $53.37 107 61.4 %$91.39 $56 111 %101.7 % Secondary Competitors 873 63 %18 %19 %655 66.9 %$115.55 $77.31 655 54.1 %$101.67 $55 98 %99.7 % Totals/Averages 980 59 %17 %24 %762 65.8 %$112.33 $73.95 762 55.1 %$100.06 $55 100 %100.0 % * Specific occupancy and average rate data were utilized in our analysis, but are presented in ranges in the above table for the purposes of confidentiality. Weighted Annual Room Count Number of Rooms Average Rate Occ. Weighted Annual Room Count Average RateCommercialGroupLeisure November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 8 FIGURE 1-4 SECONDARY COMPETITORS – OPERATING PERFORMANCE Est. Segmentation Estimated 2019 Estimated 2021 Property Number of Rooms Occ. Average Rate RevPAR Occ. Average Rate RevPAR Sheraton Saint Paul Woodbury 150 55 %30 %15 %75 %113 65 - 70 %$115 - $120 $75 - $80 113 50 - 55 %$95 - $100 $50 - $55 Courtyard by Marriott Saint Paul Woodbury 120 65 20 15 75 90 60 - 65 120 - 125 75 - 80 90 55 - 60 110 - 115 60 - 65 Residence Inn by Marriott Saint Paul Woodbury 116 75 10 15 75 87 75 - 80 130 - 140 100 - 105 87 75 - 80 120 - 125 95 - 100 Hampton by Hilton Minneapolis Saint Paul Woodbury 63 70 10 20 75 47 65 - 70 110 - 115 75 - 80 47 25 - 30 95 - 100 25 - 30 Hilton Garden Inn Saint Paul Oakdale 116 60 30 10 75 87 65 - 70 115 - 120 75 - 80 87 30 - 35 95 - 100 30 - 35 Hampton by Hilton Saint Paul Oakdale Woodbury 100 60 10 30 75 75 60 - 65 105 - 110 65 - 70 75 50 - 55 95 - 100 50 - 55 La Quinta Inn & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury 108 60 10 30 75 81 65 - 70 95 - 100 65 - 70 81 55 - 60 85 - 90 50 - 55 Holiday Inn Express & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury 100 65 15 20 75 75 60 - 65 105 - 110 65 - 70 75 55 - 60 90 - 95 50 - 55 Totals/Averages 873 63 %18 %19 %75 %655 66.9 %$115.55 $77.31 655 54.1 %$101.67 $55.00 * Specific occupancy and average rate data was utilized in our analysis, but is presented in ranges in the above table for the purposes of confidentiality. Total Competitive Level Weighted Annual Room Count Weighted Annual Room CountLeisureCommercialGroup November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 9 Based on our analysis presented in the Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate chapter, we have chosen to use a stabilized occupancy level of 70% and a base-year rate position of for the proposed subject hotel. The following table reflects a summary of our proposed subject hotel occupancy and average rate (ADR) projections. FIGURE 1-5 FORECAST OF OCCUPANCY AND AVERAGE RATE Year 2025/26 66 %$129.93 5.0 %$123.43 2026/27 69 133.83 0.0 133.83 2027/28 70 137.84 0.0 137.84 Occupancy Average Rate Before Discount Discount Average Rate After Discount Our positioning of each revenue and expense level is supported by comparable operations or trends specific to this market. Our forecast of income and expense is presented in the following table. Summary of Forecast Occupancy and Average Rate Summary of Forecast Income and Expense Statement November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 10 FIGURE 1-6 DETAILED FORECAST OF INCOME AND EXPENSE 2025/26 Begins May 2026/27 Stabilized 2028/29 2029/30 Number of Rooms:90 90 90 90 90 Occupancy:66%69%70%70%70% Average Rate:$123.43 $133.83 $137.84 $141.98 $146.24 RevPAR:$81.47 $92.34 $96.49 $99.38 $102.37 Days Open:365 365 365 365 365 Occupied Rooms:21,681 %Gross PAR POR 22,667 %Gross PAR POR 22,995 %Gross PAR POR 22,995 %Gross PAR POR 22,995 %Gross PAR POR OPERATING REVENUE Rooms $2,676 98.2 %$29,733 $123.43 $3,033 98.3 %$33,700 $133.81 $3,170 98.3 %$35,222 $137.86 $3,265 98.3 %$36,278 $141.99 $3,363 98.3 %$37,367 $146.25 Other Operated Departments 38 1.4 423 1.75 42 1.4 464 1.84 43 1.3 480 1.88 45 1.3 495 1.94 46 1.3 509 1.99 Miscellaneous Income 11 0.4 119 0.49 11 0.4 124 0.49 12 0.4 128 0.50 12 0.4 132 0.52 12 0.4 136 0.53 Total Operating Revenues 2,725 100.0 30,275 125.67 3,086 100.0 34,288 136.14 3,225 100.0 35,831 140.24 3,321 100.0 36,904 144.44 3,421 100.0 38,012 148.77 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES * Rooms 715 26.7 7,947 32.99 750 24.7 8,329 33.07 777 24.5 8,629 33.77 800 24.5 8,887 34.78 824 24.5 9,154 35.83 Other Operated Departments 20 52.5 222 0.92 21 50.2 233 0.92 22 50.0 240 0.94 22 50.0 247 0.97 23 50.0 255 1.00 Total Expenses 735 27.0 8,169 33.91 771 25.0 8,562 34.00 798 24.8 8,869 34.71 822 24.8 9,135 35.75 847 24.8 9,409 36.83 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 1,989 73.0 22,105 91.76 2,315 75.0 25,726 102.15 2,427 75.2 26,962 105.53 2,499 75.2 27,770 108.69 2,574 75.2 28,603 111.95 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 259 9.5 2,876 11.94 273 8.8 3,031 12.03 282 8.7 3,133 12.26 290 8.7 3,227 12.63 299 8.7 3,323 13.01 Info & Telecom Systems 41 1.5 460 1.91 44 1.4 485 1.93 45 1.4 501 1.96 46 1.4 516 2.02 48 1.4 532 2.08 Marketing 142 5.2 1,582 6.57 136 4.4 1,515 6.02 141 4.4 1,566 6.13 145 4.4 1,613 6.31 150 4.4 1,662 6.50 Franchise Fee 227 8.3 2,527 10.49 258 8.4 2,865 11.37 269 8.4 2,994 11.72 278 8.4 3,084 12.07 286 8.4 3,176 12.43 Prop. Operations & Maint.128 4.7 1,421 5.90 142 4.6 1,576 6.26 147 4.5 1,629 6.38 151 4.5 1,678 6.57 156 4.5 1,728 6.76 Utilities 129 4.8 1,438 5.97 136 4.4 1,515 6.02 141 4.4 1,566 6.13 145 4.4 1,613 6.31 150 4.4 1,662 6.50 Total Expenses 927 34.0 10,305 42.78 989 32.0 10,986 43.62 1,025 31.8 11,390 44.58 1,056 31.8 11,731 45.91 1,087 31.8 12,083 47.29 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 1,062 39.0 11,800 48.98 1,327 43.0 14,739 58.52 1,402 43.4 15,572 60.95 1,443 43.4 16,039 62.77 1,487 43.4 16,520 64.66 Management Fee 82 3.0 908 3.77 93 3.0 1,029 4.08 97 3.0 1,075 4.21 100 3.0 1,107 4.33 103 3.0 1,140 4.46 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPR. INC. & EXP.980 36.0 10,892 45.21 1,234 40.0 13,711 54.44 1,305 40.4 14,497 56.74 1,344 40.4 14,931 58.44 1,384 40.4 15,380 60.19 NON-OPERATING INCOME & EXPENSE Property Taxes 121 4.4 1,344 5.58 249 8.1 2,769 10.99 257 8.0 2,852 11.16 264 8.0 2,937 11.50 272 8.0 3,025 11.84 Insurance 43 1.6 472 1.96 44 1.4 487 1.93 45 1.4 501 1.96 46 1.4 516 2.02 48 1.4 532 2.08 Total Expenses 163 6.0 1,816 7.54 293 9.5 3,255 12.93 302 9.4 3,353 13.12 311 9.4 3,453 13.52 320 9.4 3,557 13.92 EBITDA 817 30.0 9,076 37.67 941 30.5 10,456 41.52 1,003 31.0 11,145 43.62 1,033 31.0 11,478 44.92 1,064 31.0 11,823 46.27 Reserve for Replacement 54 2.0 605 2.51 93 3.0 1,029 4.08 129 4.0 1,433 5.61 133 4.0 1,476 5.78 137 4.0 1,520 5.95 EBITDA LESS RESERVE $762 28.0 %$8,470 $35.16 $848 27.5 %$9,427 $37.43 $874 27.0 %$9,711 $38.01 $900 27.0 %$10,002 $39.15 $927 27.0 %$10,302 $40.32 *Departmental expenses are expressed as a percentage of departmental revenues. November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 11 FIGURE 1-7 TEN-YEAR FORECAST OF INCOME AND EXPENSE 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 2028/29 2029/30 2030/31 2031/32 2032/33 2033/34 2034/35 Number of Rooms:90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 Occupied Rooms:21,681 22,667 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 Occupancy:66%69%70%70%70%70%70%70%70%70% Average Rate:$123.43 % of $133.83 % of $137.84 % of $141.98 % of $146.24 % of $150.62 % of $155.14 % of $159.80 % of $164.59 % of $169.53 RevPAR:$81.47 Gross $92.34 Gross $96.49 Gross $99.38 Gross $102.37 Gross $105.44 Gross $108.60 Gross $111.86 Gross $115.21 Gross $118.67 OPERATING REVENUE Rooms $2,676 98.2 %$3,033 98.3 %$3,170 98.3 %$3,265 98.3 %$3,363 98.3 %$3,464 98.3 %$3,568 98.3 %$3,675 98.3 %$3,785 98.3 %$3,898 98.3 % Other Operated Departments 38 1.4 42 1.4 43 1.3 45 1.3 46 1.3 47 1.3 49 1.3 50 1.3 52 1.3 53 1.3 Miscellaneous Income 11 0.4 11 0.4 12 0.4 12 0.4 12 0.4 13 0.4 13 0.4 13 0.4 14 0.4 14 0.4 Total Operating Revenues 2,725 100.0 3,086 100.0 3,225 100.0 3,321 100.0 3,421 100.0 3,524 100.0 3,630 100.0 3,738 100.0 3,850 100.0 3,965 100.0 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES * Rooms 715 26.7 750 24.7 777 24.5 800 24.5 824 24.5 849 24.5 874 24.5 900 24.5 927 24.5 955 24.5 Other Operated Departments 20 52.5 21 50.2 22 50.0 22 50.0 23 50.0 24 50.0 24 50.0 25 50.0 26 50.0 27 50.0 Total Expenses 735 27.0 771 25.0 798 24.8 822 24.8 847 24.8 872 24.8 898 24.8 925 24.8 953 24.8 982 24.8 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 1,989 73.0 2,315 75.0 2,427 75.2 2,499 75.2 2,574 75.2 2,652 75.2 2,731 75.2 2,813 75.2 2,897 75.2 2,984 75.2 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 259 9.5 273 8.8 282 8.7 290 8.7 299 8.7 308 8.7 317 8.7 327 8.7 337 8.7 347 8.7 Info & Telecom Systems 41 1.5 44 1.4 45 1.4 46 1.4 48 1.4 49 1.4 51 1.4 52 1.4 54 1.4 55 1.4 Marketing 142 5.2 136 4.4 141 4.4 145 4.4 150 4.4 154 4.4 159 4.4 163 4.4 168 4.4 173 4.4 Franchise Fee 227 8.3 258 8.4 269 8.4 278 8.4 286 8.4 294 8.4 303 8.4 312 8.4 322 8.4 331 8.4 Prop. Operations & Maint.128 4.7 142 4.6 147 4.5 151 4.5 156 4.5 160 4.5 165 4.5 170 4.5 175 4.5 180 4.5 Utilities 129 4.8 136 4.4 141 4.4 145 4.4 150 4.4 154 4.4 159 4.4 163 4.4 168 4.4 173 4.4 Total Expenses 927 34.0 989 32.0 1,025 31.8 1,056 31.8 1,087 31.8 1,120 31.8 1,154 31.8 1,188 31.8 1,224 31.8 1,261 31.8 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 1,062 39.0 1,327 43.0 1,402 43.4 1,443 43.4 1,487 43.4 1,532 43.4 1,578 43.4 1,625 43.4 1,673 43.4 1,723 43.4 Management Fee 82 3.0 93 3.0 97 3.0 100 3.0 103 3.0 106 3.0 109 3.0 112 3.0 116 3.0 119 3.0 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPR. INC. & EXP.980 36.0 1,234 40.0 1,305 40.4 1,344 40.4 1,384 40.4 1,426 40.4 1,469 40.4 1,513 40.4 1,558 40.4 1,604 40.4 NON-OPERATING INCOME & EXPENSE Property Taxes 121 4.4 249 8.1 257 8.0 264 8.0 272 8.0 280 8.0 289 8.0 298 8.0 306 8.0 316 8.0 Insurance 43 1.6 44 1.4 45 1.4 46 1.4 48 1.4 49 1.4 51 1.4 52 1.4 54 1.4 55 1.4 Total Expenses 163 6.0 293 9.5 302 9.4 311 9.4 320 9.4 330 9.4 340 9.4 350 9.4 360 9.4 371 9.4 EBITDA 817 30.0 941 30.5 1,003 31.0 1,033 31.0 1,064 31.0 1,096 31.0 1,129 31.0 1,163 31.0 1,198 31.0 1,233 31.0 Reserve for Replacement 54 2.0 93 3.0 129 4.0 133 4.0 137 4.0 141 4.0 145 4.0 150 4.0 154 4.0 159 4.0 EBITDA LESS RESERVE $762 28.0 %$848 27.5 %$874 27.0 %$900 27.0 %$927 27.0 %$955 27.0 %$984 27.0 %$1,013 27.0 %$1,044 27.0 %$1,074 27.0 % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % of Gross November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 12 As illustrated, the hotel is expected to stabilize at a profitable level. Please refer to the Forecast of Income and Expense chapter of our report for a detailed explanation of the methodology used in deriving this forecast. The methodology used to develop this study is based on the market research and valuation techniques set forth in the textbooks authored by Hospitality Valuation Services for the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers and the Appraisal Institute, entitled The Valuation of Hotels and Motels,1 Hotels, Motels and Restaurants: Valuations and Market Studies,2 The Computerized Income Approach to Hotel/Motel Market Studies and Valuations,3 Hotels and Motels: A Guide to Market Analysis, Investment Analysis, and Valuations,4 and Hotels and Motels – Valuations and Market Studies.5 1. All information was collected and analyzed by the staff of TS Worldwide, LLC. Information was supplied by the client and/or the property’s development team. 2. The subject sites have been evaluated from the viewpoint of physical utility for the future operation of a hotel, as well as access, visibility, and other relevant factors. 3. The surrounding economic environment, on both an area and neighborhood level, has been reviewed to identify specific hostelry-related economic and demographic trends that may have an impact on future demand for hotels. 4. Dividing the market for hotel accommodations into individual segments defines specific market characteristics for the types of travelers expected to utilize the area's hotels. The factors investigated include purpose of visit, average length of stay, facilities and amenities required, seasonality, daily demand fluctuations, and price sensitivity. 5. An analysis of existing and proposed competition provides an indication of the current accommodated demand, along with market penetration and the 1 Stephen Rushmore, The Valuation of Hotels and Motels. (Chicago: American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 1978). 2 Stephen Rushmore, Hotels, Motels and Restaurants: Valuations and Market Studies. (Chicago: American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 1983). 3 Stephen Rushmore, The Computerized Income Approach to Hotel/Motel Market Studies and Valuations. (Chicago: American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 1990). 4 Stephen Rushmore, Hotels and Motels: A Guide to Market Analysis, Investment Analysis, and Valuations (Chicago: Appraisal Institute, 1992). 5 Stephen Rushmore and Erich Baum, Hotels and Motels – Valuations and Market Studies. (Chicago: Appraisal Institute, 2001). Scope of Work November-2022 Executive Summary Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 13 degree of competitiveness. Unless noted otherwise, we have inspected the competitive lodging facilities summarized in this report. 6. Documentation for an occupancy and ADR projection is derived utilizing the build-up approach based on an analysis of lodging activity. 7. A detailed projection of income and expense made in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI) sets forth the anticipated economic benefits of the proposed subject property. November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 14 2. Description of the Sites and Neighborhood The suitability of the land for the operation of a lodging facility is an important consideration affecting the economic viability of a property and its ultimate marketability. Factors such as size, topography, access, visibility, and the availability of utilities have a direct impact on the desirability of a particular site. No specific site has been chosen for the proposed subject hotel; therefore, we have considered three general areas within Cottage Grove for the location of the proposed hotel. The first location is near the 80th Street interchange of U.S. Highway 10/61, which is proximate to Hy-Vee Grocery and the Wakota Inn & Suites. The second location is near the Jamaica Avenue interchange of U.S. Highway 10/61, near Cub Foods and Target. The third location is in the northeast quadrant of the interchange of Keats Avenue and U.S. Highway 10/61. While other potential sites exist within Cottage Grove city limits, the access, visibility, and proximity to complimentary businesses of these three areas are beneficial for a limited-service lodging facility. November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 15 LOCATION MAP Based on current developments at each site, we would recommend a site at the 80th Street Exit given the prevalence of full-service and fast-food restaurants that many of the demand generators requested. While the Jamaica Exit area enjoys strong visibility and accessibility, it lacks full-service dine-in restaurants that families and business travelers alike prefer. The location at Keats Avenue is currently undeveloped and does not offer any ancillary options for hotel guests. If this area were to be developed with restaurants and retail in conjunction with or prior to the hotel development, this location would be favorable given its proximity to the event venues, the industrial park, and Ravine Regional Park. While a specific site has not been determined, we assume the shape and topography will permit efficient use of the site for the building and other improvements, as well as ingress and egress. It is expected that the future site will be developed fully with Topography and Site Utility November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 16 building and site improvements, thus contributing to the overall profitability of the hotel. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH – 80TH STREET EXIT (GATEWAY NORTH) November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 17 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH – JAMAICA AVENUE EXIT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH – KEATS AVENUE EXIT (COTTAGE VIEW) November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 18 It is important to analyze the site with respect to regional and local transportation routes and demand generators, including ease of access. The subject site is readily accessible to a variety of local and county roads, as well as state and interstate highways. MAP OF ACCESS ROUTES Primary regional access through the area is provided by north/south Interstate 35, which extends to such cities as Des Moines, Iowa, to the south and Duluth to the north. Interstate 35 divides into two thoroughfares (I-35 West and I-35 East) that segment the flow of traffic to Minneapolis and St. Paul, respectively. East/west Interstate 94 is another major highway, which provides access to Fargo, North Dakota, to the west and Eau Claire, Wisconsin, to the east. Local and regional routes include branches of Interstate 94, such as Interstates 394, 494, and 694. Access and Visibility November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 19 The proposed subject hotel will be located in Cottage Grove and will be served by the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport, which is located approximately twelve miles to the northwest of Cottage Grove. The neighborhood surrounding a lodging facility often has an impact on a hotel's status, image, class, style of operation, and sometimes its ability to attract and properly serve a particular market segment. This section of the report investigates the subject neighborhood and evaluates any pertinent location factors that could affect its future occupancy, average rate, and overall profitability. Cottage Grove is a southeastern suburban edge community within the Minneapolis- St. Paul metropolitan area, located along the U.S. Highway 10/61 corridor, just south of Interstate 494 and northwest of the confluence of the Mississippi and St. Croix rivers. Because a specific site has not been finalized, the zoning could not be confirmed. However, the general area along two of the main exits in Cottage Grove is zoned Mixed Use. Our projections assume that the specific site would be approved for hotel use. We assume that all necessary permits and approvals will be secured (including the appropriate liquor license if applicable) and that the subject property will be constructed in accordance with local zoning ordinances, building codes, and all other applicable regulations. Airport Access City of Cottage Grove November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 20 ZONING MAP The subject site will reportedly be served by all necessary utilities. Geological and soil reports were not provided to us or made available for our review during the preparation of this report. We are not qualified to evaluate soil conditions other than by a visual inspection of the surface; no extraordinary conditions were apparent at any of the locations. We were not informed of any site-specific nuisances or hazards in the three locations, and there were no visible signs of toxic ground contaminants at the time of our inspection. Because we are not experts in this field, we do not warrant the absence of hazardous waste and urge the reader to obtain an independent analysis of these factors. Utilities Soil and Subsoil Conditions Nuisances and Hazards November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 21 The City of Cottage Grove, as a primary focus within their 2040 Comprehensive Plan, has been very proactive in attracting industrial development, with ongoing residential projects to support employment growth in the market. The following charts illustrate the existing land use allocations in 2020 and what is planned for 2040. LAND USE – 2020 Land Use – Current and Future Expectations November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 22 LAND USE – 2040 A significant portion of the existing agriculture land is expected to be developed into residential and industrial uses. The following graphic illustrates the primary areas within Cottage Grove that are the focus of development. November-2022 Description of the Sites and Neighborhood Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 23 LAND USE CHANGE AREAS , and We have analyzed the issues of size, topography, access, visibility, and the availability of utilities. The subject site should be well suited for future hotel use, with acceptable access, visibility, and topography for an effective operation. Conclusion November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 24 3. Market Area Analysis The economic vitality of the market area and neighborhood surrounding the subject site is an important consideration in forecasting lodging demand and future income potential. Economic and demographic trends that reflect the amount of visitation provide a basis from which to project lodging demand. The purpose of the market area analysis is to review available economic and demographic data to determine whether the local market will undergo economic growth, stabilize, or decline. In addition to predicting the direction of the economy, the rate of change must be quantified. These trends are then correlated based on their propensity to reflect variations in lodging demand, with the objective of forecasting the amount of growth or decline in visitation by individual market segment (e.g., commercial, meeting and group, and leisure). The market area for a lodging facility is the geographical region where the sources of demand and the competitive supply are located. The subject site is located in the city of Cottage Grove, the county of Washington, and the state of Minnesota. The Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area is considered a regional capital, linking the upper Midwestern United States to other national and international centers, and is well known for its robust economy, a highly educated workforce, and an outstanding quality of life. Over 15 Fortune 500 industrial and service companies are headquartered here, including Ecolab, Target Corporation, 3M, Honeywell, General Mills, and Land O’Lakes. In addition, Minneapolis –St. Paul maintains one of the largest concentrations of high-technology businesses in the nation. The city of Cottage Grove is a southeastern suburb of the Minneapolis–St. Paul metro area. The subject property’s market area can be defined by its Combined Statistical Area (CSA): Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI. The CSA represents adjacent metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas that have a moderate degree of employment interchange. Micropolitan statistical areas represent urban areas in the United States based around a core city or town with a population of 10,000 to 49,999; the MSA requires the presence of a core city of at least 50,000 people and a total population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). The following exhibit illustrates the market area. Market Area Definition November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 25 MAP OF MARKET AREA A primary source of economic and demographic statistics used in this analysis is the Complete Economic and Demographic Data Source published by Woods & Poole Economics, Inc.—a well-regarded forecasting service based in Washington, D.C. Using a database containing more than 900 variables for each county in the nation, Woods & Poole employs a sophisticated regional model to forecast economic and demographic trends. Historical statistics are based on census data and information published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Projections are formulated by Woods & Poole, and all dollar amounts have been adjusted for inflation, thus reflecting real change. These data are summarized in the following table. Economic and Demographic Review November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 26 FIGURE 3-1 ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SUMMARY Average Annual Compounded Change 2010 2019 2021 2026 2010-19 2019-21 2021-26 Resident Population (Thousands) Washington County 238.9 262.4 267.6 282.1 1.0 %1.0 %1.1 % Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 3,340.0 3,640.0 3,691.2 3,838.9 1.0 0.7 0.8 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA 3,712.8 4,027.9 4,082.8 4,241.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 State of Minnesota 5,310.8 5,639.6 5,698.6 5,871.1 0.7 0.5 0.6 United States 309,321.6 328,241.4 332,219.5 343,776.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 Per-Capita Personal Income* Washington County $49,783 $62,380 $64,999 $69,890 2.5 2.1 1.5 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 48,288 58,493 60,456 64,850 2.2 1.7 1.4 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA 47,141 57,104 58,967 63,251 2.2 1.6 1.4 State of Minnesota 44,518 53,558 55,248 59,464 2.1 1.6 1.5 United States 42,366 51,424 53,262 57,739 2.2 1.8 1.6 W&P Wealth Index Washington County 119.4 121.8 122.4 121.5 0.2 0.2 (0.1) Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 113.9 113.7 113.5 112.5 (0.0)(0.1)(0.2) Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA 111.3 111.0 110.7 109.7 (0.0)(0.1)(0.2) State of Minnesota 104.6 103.6 103.3 102.6 (0.1)(0.2)(0.1) United States 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (0.0)0.0 0.0 Food and Beverage Sales (Millions)* Washington County $300 $479 $509 $596 5.3 3.1 3.2 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 5,599 7,591 7,944 8,863 3.4 2.3 2.2 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA 6,073 8,186 8,569 9,575 3.4 2.3 2.2 State of Minnesota 7,876 10,381 10,865 12,166 3.1 2.3 2.3 United States 475,553 683,513 718,507 814,042 4.1 2.5 2.5 Total Retail Sales (Millions)* Washington County $3,040 $3,995 $4,248 $4,761 3.1 3.1 2.3 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 52,756 70,111 74,064 81,671 3.2 2.8 2.0 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI CSA 58,612 77,053 81,377 89,670 3.1 2.8 2.0 State of Minnesota 80,256 101,028 106,472 116,662 2.6 2.7 1.8 United States 4,387,108 5,538,706 5,846,867 6,434,974 2.6 2.7 1.9 * Inflation Adjusted Source: Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 27 The U.S. population grew at an average annual compounded rate of 0.7% from 2010 through 2019. The county’s population has increased at a quicker pace than the nation’s population; the average annual growth rate of 1.0% between 2010 and 2019 reflects a gradually expanding area. Following this populati on trend, per- capita personal income increased, at 2.5% on average annually for the county between 2010 and 2019. Local wealth indexes have remained stable in recent years, registering a high 121.8 level for the county in 2019. Food and beverage sales totaled $479 million in the county in 2019, versus $300 million in 2010. This reflects a 5.3% average annual change. The pace of growth is anticipated to be 3.2% through 2026. The retail sales sector demonstrated an annual increase of 3.1% in the decade spanning from 2010 to 2019. An increase of 2.3% average annual change is expected in county retail sales through 2026. The characteristics of an area's workforce provide an indication of the type and amount of transient visitation likely to be generated by local businesses. Sectors such as finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE); wholesale trade; and services produce a considerable number of visitors who are not particularly rate sensitive. The government sector often generates transient room nights, but per-diem reimbursement allowances often limit the accommodations selection to budget and mid-priced lodging facilities. Contributions from manufacturing, construction, transportation, communications, and public utilities (TCPU) employers can also be important, depending on the company type. The following table sets forth the county workforce distribution by business sector in 2019, 2020, and 2019, as well as a forecast for 2026. Workforce Characteristics November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 28 FIGURE 3-2 HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT (000S) Average Annual Compounded Change Percent Percent Percent Percent Industry 2019 of Total 2020 of Total 2021 of Total 2026 of Total Farm 0.6 0.5 %0.6 0.5 %0.6 0.5 %0.6 0.4 %(1.1)%(0.9)%(1.0)% Forestry, Fishing, Related Activities And Other 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 (2.9)7.8 2.2 Mining 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 (13.8)19.1 1.3 Utilities 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.1 2.4 2.6 Construction 6.2 4.9 6.0 5.0 6.2 4.7 6.2 4.4 (1.6)1.7 (0.0) Manufacturing 10.7 8.5 10.4 8.5 10.7 8.2 10.6 7.5 (3.2)3.7 (0.3) Total Trade 21.2 16.8 20.8 17.1 21.8 16.7 23.3 16.5 (2.0)4.9 1.3 Wholesale Trade 3.8 3.0 3.8 3.2 4.0 3.1 4.6 3.3 0.3 5.3 2.7 Retail Trade 17.4 13.8 16.9 14.0 17.7 13.6 18.6 13.3 (2.5)4.8 1.0 Transportation And Warehousing 3.9 3.1 4.0 3.3 4.2 3.2 4.7 3.4 0.8 4.9 2.7 Information 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.2 (4.2)4.9 0.2 Finance And Insurance 7.4 5.9 7.6 6.3 7.8 6.0 8.6 6.1 2.8 2.6 2.0 Real Estate And Rental And Lease 6.7 5.3 6.6 5.4 7.0 5.3 7.8 5.5 (2.4)6.1 2.3 Total Services 54.6 43.3 50.7 41.9 57.1 43.8 63.4 45.1 (7.1)12.5 2.1 Professional And Technical Services 8.3 6.6 8.4 6.9 8.8 6.7 10.0 7.1 1.2 4.5 2.6 Management Of Companies And Enterprises 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.6 2.3 1.6 (1.2)4.8 1.7 Administrative And Waste Services 4.5 3.6 4.2 3.4 4.7 3.6 5.0 3.6 (7.3)11.5 1.5 Educational Services 2.3 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.7 1.9 (6.2)11.5 1.9 Health Care And Social Assistance 14.4 11.4 14.3 11.8 15.2 11.7 17.5 12.5 (0.5)6.3 2.9 Arts, Entertainment, And Recreation 4.5 3.6 3.4 2.8 4.7 3.6 5.3 3.8 (25.2)40.4 2.2 Accommodation And Food Services 10.2 8.1 8.5 7.0 10.5 8.1 11.4 8.1 (17.1)24.7 1.5 Other Services, Except Public Administration 8.3 6.6 7.8 6.4 8.6 6.6 9.3 6.6 (6.3)10.2 1.5 Total Government 12.2 9.6 11.9 9.9 12.3 9.4 12.5 8.9 (1.7)2.7 0.4 Federal Civilian Government 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 5.7 (4.9)0.2 Federal Military 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 State And Local Government 10.9 8.6 10.6 8.8 11.0 8.4 11.3 8.0 (2.1)3.3 0.5 TOTAL 126.1 100.0 %121.2 100.0 %130.3 100.0 %140.6 100.0 %(4.0)%7.5 %1.5 % MSA 2,565.6 — 2,477.9 — 2,632.1 — 2,790.9 — (3.4)%6.2 %1.2 % U.S.203,809.5 — 191,619.5 — 209,319.1 — 222,948.2 — (6.0)9.2 1.3 Source: Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2026 November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 29 Forecasts developed by Woods & Poole Economics, Inc. anticipate that total employment in the county will change by 1.5% on average annually through 2026. The trend is above the forecast rate of change for the U.S. as a whole during the same period. The following table illustrates historical and projected employment, households, population, and average household income data, as provided by REIS for the overall Minneapolis market. November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 30 FIGURE 3-3 HISTORICAL & PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION, AND HOUSEHOLD INCOME STATISTICS Year 2009 1,739,630 — 559,689 — 286,592 — 1,302,290 — 3,342,510 — $115,087 — 2010 1,762,200 1.3 %571,584 2.1 %290,051 1.2 %1,308,190 0.5 %3,371,240 0.9 %122,791 6.7 % 2011 1,806,000 2.5 584,375 2.2 297,204 2.5 1,325,250 1.3 3,404,940 1.0 127,177 3.6 2012 1,834,330 1.6 594,806 1.8 300,638 1.2 1,340,140 1.1 3,437,940 1.0 135,768 6.8 2013 1,874,670 2.2 605,752 1.8 302,528 0.6 1,358,560 1.4 3,474,260 1.1 133,936 (1.3) 2014 1,906,070 1.7 613,276 1.2 309,268 2.2 1,372,580 1.0 3,504,970 0.9 142,269 6.2 2015 1,942,170 1.9 623,602 1.7 313,394 1.3 1,384,130 0.8 3,535,000 0.9 146,405 2.9 2016 1,974,800 1.7 634,168 1.7 313,722 0.1 1,395,770 0.8 3,572,110 1.0 150,305 2.7 2017 2,003,600 1.5 641,640 1.2 314,231 0.2 1,402,540 0.5 3,608,320 1.0 156,416 4.1 2018 2,027,130 1.2 650,150 1.3 317,030 0.9 1,414,660 0.9 3,640,640 0.9 163,071 4.3 2019 2,041,670 0.7 653,578 0.5 319,328 0.7 1,427,590 0.9 3,669,840 0.8 166,203 1.9 2020 1,892,470 (7.3)618,700 (5.3)303,119 (5.1)1,434,670 0.5 3,694,800 0.7 171,027 2.9 2021 1,950,530 3.1 629,616 1.8 312,358 3.0 1,455,600 1.5 3,722,940 0.8 178,884 4.6 Forecasts 2022 2,013,250 3.2 %648,333 3.0 %324,377 3.8 %1,474,460 1.3 %3,753,520 0.8 %186,145 4.1 % 2023 2,039,070 1.3 654,386 0.9 326,019 0.5 1,491,730 1.2 3,782,410 0.8 193,646 4.0 2024 2,058,460 1.0 660,825 1.0 327,076 0.3 1,507,860 1.1 3,809,410 0.7 201,312 4.0 2025 2,068,110 0.5 664,805 0.6 326,613 (0.1)1,523,320 1.0 3,835,430 0.7 208,563 3.6 2026 2,076,990 0.4 669,612 0.7 325,458 (0.4)1,537,640 0.9 3,861,130 0.7 215,964 3.5 Average Annual Compound Change 2009 - 2021 1.0 %1.0 %0.7 %0.9 %0.9 %3.7 % Forecast 2022 - 2026 0.8 %0.8 %0.1 %1.1 %0.7 %3.8 % Household Avg. Income % Chg Source: REIS Report, 2nd Quarter, 2022 Households % Chg Population Industrial Employment % Chg % Chg% Chg Office Employment Total Employment % Chg November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 31 For the Minneapolis market, of the roughly 2,000,000 persons employed, 32% are categorized as office employees, while 16% are categorized as industrial employees. Total employment is expected to expand by 3.2% in 2022, while office employment is forecast to expand by 3.0% in 2022. The number of households is forecast to expand by 1.1% on average annually between 2022 and 2026. Population is forecast to expand during this same period, at an average annual compounded rate of 0.7%. Household average income is forecast to grow by 3.8% on average annually from 2022 through 2026. The following table illustrates historical and projected levels of population and number of households for the City of Cottage Grove, according to Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development and the Metropolitan Council. FIGURE 3-4 COTTAGE GROVE POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLDS As illustrated in the chart above, the population of Cottage Grove has increased significantly in the last thirty years, and is expected to continue to realize strong growth in the coming decades. Cottage Grove’s population exceeded projections for 2020, according to the Metropolitan Council. November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 32 The following table reflects radial demographic trends for our market area measured by three points of distance. FIGURE 3-5 DEMOGRAPHICS BY RADIUS (JAMAICA AVENUE EXIT USED) Population 2027 Projection 7,753 41,051 59,539 2022 Estimate 7,545 39,267 56,892 2010 Census 7,242 35,405 49,717 2000 Census 7,098 31,880 44,778 Percent Change: 2022 to 2027 2.8%4.5%4.7% Percent Change: 2010 to 2022 4.2%10.9%14.4% Percent Change: 2000 to 2010 2.0%11.1%11.0% Households 2027 Projection 2,746 14,404 21,211 2022 Estimate 2,650 13,712 20,159 2010 Census 2,460 12,091 17,269 2000 Census 2,316 10,442 15,030 Percent Change: 2022 to 2027 3.6%5.1%5.2% Percent Change: 2010 to 2022 7.7%13.4%16.7% Percent Change: 2000 to 2010 6.2%15.8%14.9% Income 2022 Est. Average Household Income $118,688 $133,035 $135,850 2022 Est. Median Household Income 105,852 111,569 111,405 2022 Est. Civ. Employed Pop 16+ by Occupation Architecture/Engineering 49 401 614 Arts/Design/Entertainment/Sports/Media 51 261 402 Building/Grounds Cleaning/Maintenance 116 715 1,038 Business/Financial Operations 262 1,314 1,864 Community/Social Services 97 486 638 Computer/Mathematical 94 733 1,125 Construction/Extraction 300 1,020 1,408 Education/Training/Library 356 1,393 1,938 Farming/Fishing/Forestry 4 62 88 Food Preparation/Serving Related 226 1,094 1,545 Healthcare Practitioner/Technician 293 1,494 2,137 Healthcare Support 161 797 1,111 Installation/Maintenance/Repair 247 978 1,199 Legal 51 229 294 Life/Physical/Social Science 25 182 284 Management 438 2,278 3,487 Office/Administrative Support 564 2,773 3,780 Production 298 1,554 2,049 Protective Services 69 401 588 Sales/Related 374 2,057 2,985 Personal Care/Service 159 683 959 Transportation/Material Moving 221 1,546 2,156 0.00 - 1.00 miles 0.00 - 3.00 miles 0.00 - 5.00 miles Source: Environics Analytics Radial Demographic Snapshot November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 33 This source reports a population of 56,892 and 20,159 households within a five- mile radius of the Jamaica Avenue Exit. The average household income within this radius is reported at $135,850, while the median is $111,405. The following table presents historical unemployment rates for the proposed subject hotel’s market area. FIGURE 3-6 UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Year 2012 5.3 %5.5 %5.6 %8.1 % 2013 4.6 4.8 5.0 7.4 2014 3.7 4.0 4.2 6.2 2015 3.2 3.4 3.7 5.3 2016 3.4 3.5 3.9 4.9 2017 3.1 3.1 3.4 4.4 2018 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.9 2019 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.7 2020 5.8 6.5 6.3 8.1 2021 3.0 3.4 3.4 5.4 Recent Month - July 2021 2.8 %3.2 %3.2 %5.4 % 2022 1.8 2.0 2.1 3.5 U.S.City MSA State Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Prior to the pandemic, U.S. unemployment levels were firmly below the 4.6% level recorded in 2006 and 2007, the peak years of the economic cycle prior to the Great Recession. The unemployment rate for February 2020 was 3.5%. The unemployment rate had remained in the 3.5% to 3.7% range since April 2019, reflecting a trend of stability and strength of the U.S. economy. However, in April 2020, unemployment rose to 14.7%, and employment dropped by 20.7 million because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Steady declines in unemployment have been registered since April 2020; most recently, the national unemployment rate was 3.7% in October 2022. A 292,000-, 315,000-, and 261,000-person rise in employment was registered in August, September, and October 2022, respectively. In October, the most significant gains were reported in the health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing sectors. Unemployment Statistics November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 34 Locally, the unemployment rate was 3.0% in 2021; for this same area in 2022, the most recent month’s unemployment rate was registered at 1.8%, versus 2.8% for the same month in 2021. Unemployment fell from 2013 through 2015 and remained somewhat flat in 2016. In 2017 and 2018, unemployment continued to decline given the strong economy and increased development in the Twin Cities region. In 2019, the region illustrated a minimal increase in unemployment due to a loss in employment opportunities created by such major events as the Super Bowl, which was hosted in Minneapolis in February 2018. However, unemployment data for 2020 illustrate a sharp increase given the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related global economic crisis, which included massive furloughs/layoffs. Unemployment declined in 2021 as the economy began to rebound, and the most recent comparative period shows where the local market stands in 2022 relative to the same month of 2021, reflecting improvement given the strengthening economic conditions. Market participants are optimistic for a long-term market recovery given the depth of local employers and construction in the industrial sector. Providing additional context for understanding the nature of the regional economy, the following table presents a list of the major employers (as available) in the Cottage Grove Business Park. FIGURE 3-7 MAJOR EMPLOYERS REPORTED IN BUSINESS PARK Number of Rank Firm*Employees 1 Renewal by Andersen 1,600 2 3M 751 3 Up North Plastics 500 4 Van Meter 189 5 ADMC 163 6 North Star Sheets 85 7 GTI/Leafline 52 8 Airgas 20 9 Aveka 17 * Data on some companies not available Source: City of Cottage Grove, 2022 Major Business and Industry November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 35 FIGURE 3-8 COTTAGE GROVE EMPLOYMENT TRENDS The population of Cottage Grove more than doubled between 1970 and 2000 and increased by another 25.0% between 2000 and 2020. While initially a bedroom community of the Twin Cities, Cottage Grove has grown into a popular business center for warehouse and industrial development. One of the larger employers is 3M, whose manufacturing facility has been in operation since 1947. Recent upgrades at 3M include over $165 million in a state-of-the-art water-treatment processing system. Expansions within the business park include the recent 37,000- square-foot expansion of North Star Sheets, as well as the ongoing 42,000-square- foot expansion of GTI/Leafline and 50,000-square-foot expansion of Van Meter. In addition, the largest employer, Renewal by Andersen, is currently undergoing a 332,000-square-foot expansion, and Syndica Companies is constructing new two buildings within the park. Furthermore, NorthPoint Development broke ground on Phase I of the Cottage Grove Logistical Center, which is a $310-million project that will total 3.4 million square feet of industrial space when fully developed. Ryan Companies has also announced plans for future industrial development off of Keats Avenue on the east site of the park. To accommodate the growing workforce, residential development remains strong, as Cottage Grove reportedly ranked third in the metro area for housing starts in 2021. In addition to attractive residential neighborhoods and affordable housing options, the city also comprises nearly 1,300 acres of park land and 45 miles of trails. November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 36 BUSINESS PARK November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 37 While industrial developments represent a significant volume of construction, prior the COVID-19 pandemic there was substantial investment in commercial and public and institutional projects. FIGURE 3-9 CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN COTTAGE GROVE Although many employers in the market temporarily reduced staffing and/or suspended operations following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, an economic recovery began in June 2020 when regulations began to be lifted; moreover, tourism in the metro area rebounded rapidly during the summer of 2021. The return of business travel and growth in industrial space should bolster the economic recovery going forward. The City of Cottage Grove does not offer a significant inventory of office space, and the greater Washington County area has one of the lowest inventories of office space in the metro area, as shown in the following table. Office Space Statistics November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 38 FIGURE 3-10 OFFICE SPACE STATISTICS – MARKET OVERVIEW Submarket 1 Dakota County 126 4,161,000 3,288,000 21.0 %$21.24 2 Midway/Greater St.Paul 64 4,046,000 3,097,000 23.5 22.22 3 Minneapolis CBD 165 30,081,000 23,513,000 21.8 28.32 4 Northeast 92 3,032,000 2,149,000 29.1 19.42 5 Southwest/Northeast Scott County 239 22,207,000 18,301,000 17.6 26.66 6 St. Paul CBD 28 4,767,000 3,613,000 24.2 20.42 7 West/Northwest 182 12,103,000 9,969,000 17.6 27.06 8 Anoka County 34 611,000 439,000 28.2 18.74 9 Washington County 54 1,540,000 1,064,000 30.9 $19.72 Totals and Averages 984 82,548,000 65,433,000 20.7 %$26.02 Source: REIS Report, 2nd Quarter, 2022 Inventory Occupied Office Space Vacancy Rate Average Asking Lease RateBuildingsSquare Feet The greater Minneapolis market comprises a total of 82.5 million square feet of office space. For the 2nd Quarter of 2022, the market reported a vacancy rate of 20.7% and an average asking rent of $26.02. The subject property is located in the Washington County submarket, which houses 1,540,000 square feet of office space. The submarket's vacancy rate of 30.9% is significantly above the overall market average. The average asking lease rate of $19.72 is below the average for the broader market. The following table illustrates a trend of office space statistics for the overall Minneapolis market and the Washington County submarket. November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 39 FIGURE 3-11 HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED OFFICE SPACE STATISTICS – GREATER MARKET VS. SUBMARKET Year 2009 78,297,000 — 63,006,000 — 19.5 %$21.81 — 1,512,000 — 1,181,000 — 21.9 %$17.85 — 2010 78,324,000 0.0 %62,819,000 (0.3)%19.8 21.61 (0.9)%1,512,000 0.0 %1,089,000 (7.8)%28.0 17.50 (2.0)% 2011 77,762,000 (0.7)63,057,000 0.4 18.9 21.80 0.9 1,512,000 0.0 1,126,000 3.4 25.5 17.22 (1.6) 2012 77,863,000 0.1 63,658,000 1.0 18.2 22.12 1.5 1,512,000 0.0 1,143,000 1.5 24.4 17.87 3.8 2013 78,743,000 1.1 64,903,000 2.0 17.6 22.38 1.2 1,512,000 0.0 1,129,000 (1.2)25.3 18.24 2.1 2014 78,631,000 (0.1)65,130,000 0.3 17.2 22.63 1.1 1,522,000 0.7 1,085,000 (3.9)28.7 18.21 (0.2) 2015 78,980,000 0.4 65,664,000 0.8 16.9 22.52 (0.5)1,522,000 0.0 1,068,000 (1.6)29.8 17.97 (1.3) 2016 79,486,000 0.6 66,588,000 1.4 16.2 23.07 2.4 1,540,000 1.2 1,096,000 2.6 28.8 18.20 1.3 2017 79,101,000 (0.5)65,563,000 (1.5)17.1 23.23 0.7 1,540,000 0.0 1,146,000 4.6 25.6 18.23 0.2 2018 79,958,000 1.1 65,547,000 (0.0)18.0 23.78 2.4 1,540,000 0.0 1,160,000 1.2 24.7 18.53 1.6 2019 80,634,000 0.8 66,077,000 0.8 18.1 24.69 3.8 1,540,000 0.0 1,212,000 4.5 21.3 18.90 2.0 2020 81,847,000 1.5 66,339,000 0.4 18.9 25.54 3.4 1,540,000 0.0 1,209,000 (0.2)21.5 19.39 2.6 2021 82,548,000 0.9 66,086,000 (0.4)19.9 25.81 1.1 1,540,000 0.0 1,054,000 (12.8)31.6 19.24 (0.8) Forecasts 2022 83,487,000 1.1 %66,091,000 0.0 %20.8 %26.05 0.9 %1,540,000 0.0 %1,085,000 2.9 %29.5 %19.58 1.8 % 2023 84,048,000 0.7 66,340,000 0.4 21.1 26.44 1.5 1,540,000 0.0 1,106,000 1.9 28.2 19.84 1.3 2024 84,349,000 0.4 66,520,000 0.3 21.1 26.87 1.6 1,540,000 0.0 1,132,000 2.4 26.5 20.00 0.8 2025 84,697,000 0.4 66,802,000 0.4 21.1 27.36 1.8 1,540,000 0.0 1,147,000 1.3 25.5 20.20 1.0 2026 85,309,000 0.7 67,267,000 0.7 21.2 27.91 2.0 1,540,000 0.0 1,167,000 1.7 24.2 20.43 1.1 Average Annual Compound Change 2009 - 2021 0.4 %0.4 %1.4 %0.2 %(0.9)%0.6 % Forecast 2022 - 2026 0.5 %0.4 %1.7 %0.0 %1.8 %1.1 % Source: REIS Report, 2nd Quarter, 2022 % Chg Vacancy Rate% Chg Available Office Space % Chg Occupied Office Space Asking Lease Rate % Chg Vacancy Rate% Chg Minneapolis Market Washington County Submarket Available Office Space % Chg Occupied Office Space Asking Lease Rate November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 40 Meeting and event facilities are important generators of demand for hotel rooms in the Cottage Grove area, and the city is home to three venues that are popular for weddings, social events, and corporate meetings. The Historic Furber Farm is located in on the eastern edge of Cottage Grove and features a restored 8,000- square-foot dairy barn that can accommodate up to 500 guests. Hope Glen Farm is a seasonal operation located near Ravine Regional Park and offers two venues for events, including an historic barn and a pavilion. In addition, River Oaks Golf Course can accommodate groups of up to 225 people inside and up to 240 outside and is popular venue for weddings, golf tournaments, banquets, and corporate events. Airport passenger counts are important indicators of lodging demand. Depending on the type of service provided by a particular airfield, a sizable percentage of arriving passengers may require hotel accommodations. Trends showing changes in passenger counts also reflect local business activity and the overall economic health of the area. The Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport (MSP) is located seven miles southeast of Downtown Minneapolis and about seven miles southwest of Downtown St. Paul. The airport is serviced by major commercial airlines, as well as numerous charter and cargo carriers. The airport has undergone expansions since the mid-2010s to support continued passenger growth. Changes include the February 2016 opening of the ten-lane North Security Checkpoint and the July 2018 opening of the 291-room InterContinental Hotel (connected to Lindbergh Terminal). Approximately $27.5 million was spent in late 2016 on the addition of four new gates at Terminal 2 to accommodate a projected increase in flights. The newly expanded gate area also includes a nursing mothers' room; a service-animal relief area; new restrooms, restaurants, and retail shops; and a new “green” roof. Furthermore, nine new restaurants and stores opened in Terminal 1 in early 2017. Beginning in August 2020, the new 5,000-space parking ramp opened in phases, providing access to all rental-car facilities and off-airport parking shuttles. The following table illustrates recent operating statistics for the Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport, which is the primary airport facility serving the proposed subject hotel’s submarket. Meeting and Event Facilities Airport Traffic November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 41 FIGURE 3-12 AIRPORT STATISTICS - MINNEAPOLIS ST. PAUL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Year 2012 33,170,960 — — 2013 33,897,335 2.2 %2.2 % 2014 35,147,083 3.7 2.9 2015 36,582,851 4.1 3.3 2016 37,505,521 2.5 3.1 2017 38,034,341 1.4 2.8 2018 38,037,381 0.0 2.3 2019 39,555,035 4.0 2.5 2020 14,851,289 (62.5)(9.6) 2021 25,202,120 69.7 (3.0) Year-to-date, Aug 2021 15,688,149 —— 2022 20,935,996 33.5 %— *Annual average compounded percentage change from the previous year **Annual average compounded percentage change from first year of data Source: Minneapolis St. Paul International Airport Passenger Change*Traffic Percent Percent Change** November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 42 FIGURE 3-13 LOCAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC VS. NATIONAL TREND -80% -60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Change in Passenger ActivitySource: HVS, Local Airport Authority Local Passenger Volume National Passenger Volume This facility recorded 25,202,120 passengers in 2021. The change in passenger traffic between 2020 and 2021 was 69.7%. The average annual change during the period shown was -3.0%. Following years of record growth in passenger traffic, 2020 data illustrate a significant decline given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the travel restrictions that were implemented; however, the 2021 data show a rebound in passenger traffic, a trend that has continued thus far in 2022, per the latest statistics. Airlines added eleven new domestic and international routes to MSP for late spring and summer of 2022, including new service to Montreal and the return of daily service to London Heathrow. The subject market benefits from a variety of tourism and leisure attractions in the area. The Twin Cities are well known for extensive theater and live performance-art offerings, excellent shopping options, and eclectic dining venues. Leisure demand generators include the Mall of America, the Guthrie Theater, Orpheum Theater, Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Science Museum of Minnesota, as well as the various sports venues including US Bank Stadium, Target Field, Target Center, and Xcel Energy Center. We note that many of the tourist attractions and entertainment venues temporarily closed or enacted visitor restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic, although most reopened in 2021 once the governmental restrictions were lifted. Tourist Attractions November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 43 This section discussed a wide variety of economic indicators for the pertinent market area. The Cottage Grove market is relatively healthy, despite the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The metropolitan area was adversely affected by the downturn, but a recovery is evidently underway. The concentration of corporate headquarters has served the Minneapolis MSA well, insulating the metro area from the adverse effects of one industry's decline. The continued improvement of the unemployment rate and ongoing expansions in the area should continue to fuel gains in housing and consumer-driven industries. Furthermore, a highly educated workforce should continue to attract and retain business investment in the future. In relation to national conditions, the Minneapolis MSA and the city of Cottage Grove rank well, featuring comparatively lower unemployment rates and greater stability among key employment sectors. Thus, the near-term market outlook is overall positive. Our analysis of the outlook for this specific market also considers the broader context of the national economy. The U.S. economy expanded at an overall rate of 2.3% in 2019, a decline from the 2.9% level achieved in 2018. For the seven quarters leading up to 2020, GDP quarterly growth ranged between 1.3% and 2.9%, reflecting moderate economic expansion. The slowdown and impact of COVID-19 became more evident in the first quarter of 2020, when GDP declined by 5.0%. As shutdowns halted major components of the U.S. economy from mid-March through May, and partial, halting re-openings continued to dampen business activity, the U.S. economy contracted by an annualized rate of 31.2% in the second quarter, the largest such decline in U.S. history. The decline affected virtually every corner of the economy, with major decreases in personal consumption, exports, private inventory investment, residential and nonresidential fixed investment, and state and local government spending. Conclusion November-2022 Market Area Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 44 FIGURE 3-14 UNITED STATES GDP GROWTH RATE 2.3 2.2 2.9 3.9 3.8 2.7 1.9 0.9 2.4 3.2 2.8 1.9 -5.1 -31.2 33.8 4.5 6.3 6.7 2.3 6.9 -1.6 -0.6 2.6 $18 $19 $20 $21 $22 $23 $24 $25 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 GDP (Trillions)Annualized % ChangeSources: tradingeconomics.com, Bureau of Economic Analysis Annualized % Change GDP (Trillions) While shocking, the GDP decline during the second quarter of 2020 was offset by a significant rebound in economic activity in the third quarter of 2020, greatly moderating the overall impact for the year. The U.S. economy grew by 33.8% on an annualized basis in the third quarter, followed by more modest gains in the five quarters that followed through the end of 2021 (GDP surpassed the pre-pandemic peak by the first quarter of 2021). In the first two quarters of 2022, GDP contracted 1.6% and 0.6%, respectively, on an annualized basis, driven in part by the trade deficit and a decline in inventory investment and government spending. Third- quarter GDP then increased by 2.6%, as employment continued to expand and as consumer spending, although slowing, remained strong. However, high inflation persists, and the recent and expected increases in the federal funds rate are slowing sectors of the economy. Hotel investors remain optimistic about the long-term outlook for the industry, based primarily upon the strong results achieved in the first three quarters of the year, citing factors such as the rebound in travel, rising hotel performance levels, and opportunities to generate significant returns. November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 45 4. Supply and Demand Analysis In the lodging industry, price varies directly, but not proportionately, with demand and inversely, but not proportionately, with supply. Supply is measured by the number of guestrooms available, and demand is measured by the number of rooms occupied; the net effect of supply and demand toward equilibrium results in a prevailing price, or average daily rate (ADR). The purpose of this section is to investigate current supply and demand trends, as indicated by the current competitive market, and to set forth a basis for the projection of future supply and demand growth. Within a 15-mile radius of the city of Cottage Grove, nearly 100 lodging facilities totaling more than 11,000 guestrooms are in operation. Within this greater market, the direct submarket that is expected to include the proposed subject hotel comprises the cities of Woodbury and Cottage Grove. The proposed subject hotel is expected to compete with two hotels within Cottage Grove, and an additional seven hotels in Woodbury have been considered as future secondary competitors given their product offering, price point, and location. A hotel’s local lodging market is most directly affected by the supply and demand trends within the immediate area. However, individual markets are also influenced by conditions in the national lodging market. We have reviewed national lodging trends to provide a context for the forecast of the supply and demand for the proposed subject hotel’s competitive set. STR is an independent research firm that compiles data on the lodging industry, and this information is routinely used by typical hotel buyers. The following STR diagram presents annual hotel occupancy, ADR, and rooms revenue per available room (RevPAR) data since 1989. RevPAR is calculated by multiplying occupancy by ADR and provides an indication of how well rooms revenue is being maximized. Definition of Subject Hotel Market National Trends Overview November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 46 FIGURE 4-1 NATIONAL OCCUPANCY, ADR, AND REVPAR TRENDS 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% $0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 $140 198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021Source: STR RevPAR Average Rate Occupancy The preceding chart illustrates the impact of the recessions of the early 1990s, 2000s, the financial crisis of 2008/09, and the recent pandemic on the U.S. lodging industry. In each case, the downturn caused lodging demand to drop, resulting in an occupancy decline. The aggregate ADR also fell, as hoteliers used price as a marketing tool to attract demand and support occupancy levels. As occupancy recovered, ADR growth resumed, although the ADR recovery lagged somewhat behind occupancy levels, as price discounts contributed to the initial recovery of demand. Following the financial crisis of the Great Recession, occupancy fell by over eight points, and ADR declined by 5.9%, resulting in an 18.3% decrease in RevPAR. The market recovered steadily thereafter, with occupancy surpassing the 65.0% mark in 2015, and ADR also consistently growing, albeit at a decelerating pace. November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 47 FIGURE 4-2 NATIONAL OCCUPANCY AND ADR TRENDS: 2019, 2020, 2021 United States 66.0 %44.0 %(33.3)%57.7 %31.1 %$131.23 $103.25 (21.3)%$124.68 20.7 %$86.64 $45.48 (47.5)%$71.88 58.2 %5.2 %37.8 % Region New England 64.7 %38.8 %(40.1)%55.7 %44.4 %$161.08 $123.17 (23.5)%$156.04 25.8 %$104.25 $47.77 (54.2)%$86.93 81.6 %5.6 %52.5 % Middle Atlantic 69.0 41.3 (40.1)55.4 34.1 166.27 115.26 (30.7)143.60 24.1 114.81 47.65 (58.5)79.52 66.4 4.8 40.6 South Atlantic 67.5 45.7 (32.2)59.9 31.2 128.41 107.99 (15.9)130.29 20.7 86.68 49.40 (43.0)78.08 58.3 6.2 39.3 E. North Central 61.1 39.1 (36.0)52.4 34.2 112.64 86.72 (23.0)105.15 20.6 68.82 33.93 (50.7)55.11 61.9 4.5 40.2 E. South Central 62.4 45.7 (26.8)59.5 30.6 103.58 85.74 (17.2)104.49 21.8 64.61 39.18 (39.4)62.21 59.0 3.1 34.6 W. North Central 58.3 39.1 (32.9)51.1 31.1 99.28 83.65 (15.7)97.01 15.7 57.88 32.72 (43.5)49.58 51.7 2.4 34.3 W. South Central 62.6 44.9 (28.2)58.2 29.7 101.84 82.88 (18.6)95.84 15.8 63.77 37.25 (41.6)55.73 50.1 3.4 34.0 Mountain 66.9 46.7 (30.1)59.6 28.2 121.89 105.70 (13.3)124.82 18.5 81.54 49.39 (39.4)74.44 51.9 6.3 36.3 Pacific 73.6 47.1 (36.0)60.3 27.6 171.40 129.57 (24.4)157.57 22.1 126.16 61.01 (51.6)94.97 55.8 7.2 36.8 Class Luxury 70.9 %36.8 %(48.1)%52.3 %42.0 %$304.11 $285.78 (6.0)%$342.63 19.7 %$215.73 $105.29 (51.2)%$179.24 70.0 %18.3 %68.0 % Upper-Upscale 72.6 34.8 (52.1)49.8 43.4 188.24 159.14 (15.5)179.35 12.6 136.67 55.30 (59.5)89.39 61.5 13.3 62.5 Upscale 71.5 42.8 (40.1)59.3 38.8 143.60 117.80 (18.0)133.72 13.4 102.68 50.45 (50.9)79.35 57.4 7.1 48.6 Upper-Midscale 67.5 45.3 (32.9)61.1 35.1 115.91 98.80 (14.8)114.82 16.1 78.20 44.72 (42.8)70.20 56.8 4.2 40.7 Midscale 59.5 44.4 (25.4)57.0 28.8 95.82 84.47 (11.8)99.25 17.9 57.03 37.52 (34.2)56.59 51.8 2.5 32.0 Economy 59.4 49.2 (17.1)58.8 20.0 75.50 65.45 (13.3)77.94 18.1 44.83 32.30 (28.2)45.83 41.8 0.0 20.0 Location Urban 73.2 %37.9 %(48.2)%51.8 %35.9 %$183.20 $127.80 (30.2)%$153.22 20.2 %$134.12 $48.47 (63.9)%$79.30 63.3 %9.9 %49.4 % Suburban 66.7 46.4 (30.4)60.0 29.3 111.26 88.81 (20.2)104.76 17.9 74.24 41.24 (44.4)62.88 52.5 3.5 33.9 Airport 73.7 44.5 (39.6)60.5 35.8 119.22 93.71 (21.4)104.53 11.4 87.85 41.72 (52.5)63.20 51.3 2.8 39.5 Interstate 57.9 44.8 (22.7)57.8 29.5 87.86 79.05 (10.0)92.05 16.6 50.85 35.39 (30.4)53.22 50.9 2.0 32.1 Resort 70.0 42.9 (38.6)57.9 35.4 182.74 170.36 (6.8)208.73 22.4 127.85 73.13 (42.8)120.93 65.7 14.3 54.7 Small Town 57.8 44.4 (23.1)57.0 28.9 107.26 96.95 (9.6)116.63 20.0 61.98 43.07 (30.5)66.43 54.8 2.0 31.6 Chain Scale Luxury 73.8 %32.0 %(56.7)%47.8 %49.7 %$343.02 $329.54 (3.9)%$383.64 16.1 %$253.17 $105.40 (58.4)%$183.44 73.8 %23.2 %84.3 % Upper-Upscale 73.9 33.4 (54.8)48.7 45.6 189.25 158.86 (16.1)175.87 10.8 139.80 53.10 (62.0)85.69 61.3 14.7 67.0 Upscale 72.6 43.0 (40.7)59.7 38.9 142.38 115.11 (19.2)128.58 11.7 103.32 49.52 (52.1)76.75 55.1 6.8 48.4 Upper-Midscale 67.5 45.4 (32.7)61.6 35.9 112.80 96.04 (14.9)111.18 15.8 76.14 43.61 (42.7)68.53 57.3 4.2 41.6 Midscale 58.1 44.2 (23.8)56.6 28.1 86.61 77.29 (10.8)89.42 15.7 50.30 34.19 (32.0)50.61 48.2 1.5 30.1 Economy 58.7 50.9 (13.2)59.7 17.6 63.70 58.21 (8.6)66.80 14.8 37.36 29.64 (20.7)39.89 35.0 (1.3)16.0 Independents 63.5 44.8 (29.5)57.2 28.2 133.08 110.74 (16.8)137.78 24.8 84.44 49.56 (41.3)78.87 60.0 4.6 34.1 2020 % Change 2020 % Change 2021 RevPAR % Change Rms. Avail. Rms. Sold Percent Change % Change Occupancy Average Rate 2021 % Change2020% Change2019 201920192021 Source: STR - December 2020 and December 2021 Lodging Reviews November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 48 The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 had a severe impact on the lodging industry, causing occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR to decline by unprecedented levels. The impact on the national lodging industry peaked mid-April; for the week ending April 11, 2020, STR reported that national RevPAR was 83.6% lower than the level recorded for the same week in 2019. By the conclusion of 2020, occupancy had declined 22 points, with ADR decreasing by roughly $28.00, resulting in a RevPAR loss of 48.0% (rounded). The sharp downturn in travel caused by COVID- 19 continued into early 2021, as the months of January and February 2020 had not been notably affected by the pandemic. Hotels that traditionally derive a significant component of their demand from the larger group and convention subsegment were the hardest hit by the pandemic, followed by properties in markets with a high proportion of business and international travel. For this reason, the major metropolitan areas reported deep RevPAR declines through the first half of 2021. Hotels in locations that depend primarily on automobile traffic have fared better (including drive-to leisure destinations), and the extended-stay category has also outperformed the national average, fueling the illustrated 2021 recovery. Gaining traction in the summer of 2021, group demand began to show signs of recovery, albeit at a slower pace. Accordingly, by the end of 2021, nationwide occupancy had rebounded to nearly 58.0%, with ADR reaching roughly $125, representing a RevPAR gain of 58.0% (rounded). Many corporations and institutions have begun to return to offices, at least in some capacity. Group travel is recovering at an accelerating pace, as participants feel increasingly comfortable gathering in larger numbers. Leisure demand, which led the recovery in many markets, remains strong, with ADR levels in most destinations surpassing historical levels. With a significant portion of the recovery now behind us, and further interest rate increases likely on the horizon, hotel owners, operators, and investors generally expect less-significant gains in 2023 than those achieved in 2021 and 2022. Job growth and employment levels remain strong, and the return of group travel in the summer and fall of 2022 has boded well for the industry. However, the inflation rate remains elevated, and the related increases in the federal funds rate may impact the degree of continued growth through 2023. November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 49 FIGURE 4-3 RECENT NATIONAL OCCUPANCY AND ADR TRENDS United States 51.1 %59.9 %17.1 %$106.75 $142.82 33.8 %$54.56 $85.50 56.7 %3.4 %21.1 % Region New England 54.6 %65.0 %18.9 %$154.86 $189.67 22.5 %$84.63 $123.29 45.7 %2.1 %21.4 % Middle Atlantic 54.2 63.0 16.3 135.99 176.27 29.6 73.69 111.05 50.7 6.5 23.8 South Atlantic 59.9 65.7 9.6 129.18 152.14 17.8 77.38 99.89 29.1 2.7 12.5 E. North Central 52.4 58.9 12.2 103.72 124.17 19.7 54.40 73.07 34.3 2.1 14.5 E. South Central 59.8 62.6 4.8 102.30 119.43 16.7 61.13 74.77 22.3 1.5 6.4 W. North Central 51.4 57.0 10.9 96.79 110.03 13.7 49.73 62.69 26.0 0.3 11.2 W. South Central 58.1 61.2 5.4 92.87 111.46 20.0 53.93 68.20 26.5 1.1 6.6 Mountain 59.3 65.1 9.9 122.90 146.83 19.5 72.87 95.65 31.3 0.9 10.9 Pacific 59.8 68.6 14.7 154.15 193.58 25.6 92.22 132.82 44.0 3.3 18.5 Class Luxury 50.6 %63.3 %25.1 %$318.17 $362.83 14.0 %$160.97 $229.66 42.7 %6.2 %32.8 % Upper-Upscale 48.2 63.6 31.9 170.62 207.34 21.5 82.22 131.79 60.3 6.7 40.8 Upscale 58.7 67.5 14.9 129.79 157.07 21.0 76.22 105.96 39.0 3.7 19.1 Upper-Midscale 61.3 66.4 8.2 113.02 130.61 15.6 69.33 86.73 25.1 2.5 10.9 Midscale 57.5 60.0 4.4 98.74 111.44 12.9 56.73 66.84 17.8 0.0 4.4 Economy 59.6 59.7 0.2 75.86 84.96 12.0 45.22 50.74 12.2 (1.0)(0.8) Location Urban 50.0 %63.4 %26.8 %$144.12 $194.54 35.0 %$72.11 $123.42 71.2 %7.8 %36.7 % Suburban 59.9 64.9 8.3 102.67 123.63 20.4 61.53 80.27 30.4 1.2 9.6 Airport 59.5 69.0 16.1 102.19 127.62 24.9 60.77 88.09 45.0 1.4 17.7 Interstate 58.3 60.0 2.9 91.61 102.00 11.3 53.45 61.21 14.5 0.5 3.4 Resort 57.2 66.5 16.3 207.54 236.89 14.1 118.71 157.65 32.8 4.0 21.0 Small Town 57.8 59.6 3.1 117.91 130.78 10.9 68.12 77.89 14.3 0.4 3.5 Chain Scale Luxury 44.7 %63.1 %40.9 %$370.80 $421.47 13.7 %$165.90 $265.78 60.2 %7.1 %51.0 % Upper-Upscale 46.5 63.8 37.1 170.83 210.06 23.0 79.43 133.94 68.6 7.5 47.4 Upscale 59.0 68.1 15.4 125.81 153.58 22.1 74.19 104.55 40.9 4.2 20.2 Upper-Midscale 61.7 66.8 8.2 109.96 126.99 15.5 67.90 84.82 24.9 3.1 11.5 Midscale 57.3 59.0 3.0 89.18 99.79 11.9 51.12 58.92 15.3 (0.2)2.8 Economy 60.6 60.1 (0.7)66.57 73.16 9.9 40.34 44.00 9.1 (2.4)(3.1) Independents 57.2 61.5 7.4 136.40 160.44 17.6 78.09 98.68 36.4 1.4 8.9 Rms. Avail. Rms. Sold202120212022 Source: STR - September 2022 Lodging Review 2021 20222022 % Change % Change% Change Occupancy - YTD September Average Rate - YTD September RevPAR - YTD September Percent Change To further understand the nature, timing, and degree of the impact of the pandemic and subsequent recovery, we have reviewed the following weekly data for the U.S. lodging industry, as published by STR. November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 50 FIGURE 4-4 NATIONAL OCCUPANCY TRENDS – WEEKLY DATA 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 2020 2021 2022 FIGURE 4-5 NATIONAL ADR TRENDS – WEEKLY DATA $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 $140 $160 $180 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 2020 2021 2022 November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 51 FIGURE 4-6 NATIONAL REVPAR TRENDS – WEEKLY DATA $0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 $140 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 2020 2021 2022 The subject property is located in the greater Minneapolis-St. Paul market. The following table presents the historical occupancy, average rate, and RevPAR data for this metropolitan area for 2001 through September 2022. The data reflect the historical performance of the market, including the impact of and recovery from the 2001 and 2008/09 downturns. Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN Lodging Market November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 52 FIGURE 4-7 MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL LODGING MARKET DATA – 2001 TO YTD SEPTEMBER 2022 Year 2001 62.6 %— $85.65 — $53.62 — 2002 60.5 (3.4)%83.26 (2.8)%50.37 (6.1)% 2003 60.5 0.0 81.07 (2.6)49.05 (2.6) 2004 63.7 5.3 81.92 1.0 52.18 6.4 2005 66.7 4.7 86.83 6.0 57.92 11.0 2006 65.6 (1.6)93.87 8.1 61.58 6.3 2007 65.9 0.5 98.40 4.8 64.85 5.3 2008 61.9 (6.1)102.39 4.1 63.38 (2.3) 2009 56.1 (9.4)91.47 (10.7)51.31 (19.0) 2010 61.0 8.7 90.88 (0.6)55.44 8.0 2011 63.9 4.8 95.40 5.0 60.96 10.0 2012 64.1 0.3 98.29 3.0 63.00 3.4 2013 66.8 4.2 101.21 3.0 67.61 7.3 2014 67.4 0.9 107.56 6.3 72.50 7.2 2015 68.4 1.5 112.17 4.3 76.72 5.8 2016 68.0 (0.6)118.35 5.5 80.48 4.9 2017 67.0 (1.5)115.89 (2.1)77.65 (3.5) 2018 67.5 0.7 122.74 5.9 82.85 6.7 2019 66.6 (1.3)121.46 (1.0)80.89 (2.4) 2020 33.5 (49.7)86.40 (28.9)28.94 (64.2) 2021 44.5 32.8 100.52 16.3 44.73 54.5 Year to date through September 2021 44.1 %$97.70 $43.09 2022 56.8 28.8 %123.70 26.6 %70.26 63.1 % Average Annual Compound Growth 2001 to 2021 (1.7)%0.8 %(0.9)% Source: STR Global, STR Monthly Hotel Review Percent Change Average Rate Percent Change RevPAR Percent ChangeOccupancy Local employers, including Fortune 500 companies, as well the Minneapolis Convention Center and the Mall of America, represent the primary sources of demand for the greater Minneapolis/St. Paul market. Hotels in this market enjoyed stable occupancy levels in the mid-60s prior to 2020. Because of this stability, ADR increased significantly following the Great Recession, largely due to corporate demand from Target, Medtronic, US Bank, Cargill, 3M, Wells Fargo, and Best Buy. Although the Minneapolis-St. Paul market was affected by the Great Recession, the impact was relatively short-lived, with occupancy declining in 2008 and 2009 and November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 53 ADR falling in 2009 and 2010. Overall, RevPAR declined by nearly $14 from 2007 through 2009. Occupancy registered a historical peak in 2015 driven by the strong levels of demand associated with the Ryder Cup. Record ADR levels caused a surge in new hotel development, particularly in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Bloomington. Absorption of new supply and induced demand from the Super Bowl in early 2018 led to a reversal of these trends and a record RevPAR level of nearly $83 by year- end 2018. Despite demand from the NCAA Final Four in 2019, occupancy and ADR levels declined because of the correction from the Super Bowl spike and the absorption of new supply, resulting in a $2 decline in RevPAR. To assess the impact of COVID-19 on this market, we have reviewed the following data, as published by STR, which track market performance on a weekly basis. The weekly data illustrate the timing and degree of impact that the market is experiencing. FIGURE 4-8 MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL OCCUPANCY TRENDS – WEEKLY DATA 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 2020 2021 2022 November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 54 FIGURE 4-9 MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL ADR TRENDS – WEEKLY DATA $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 $450 $500 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 2020 2021 2022 FIGURE 4-10 MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL REVPAR TRENDS – WEEKLY DATA $0 $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 $450 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2019 2020 2021 2022 The effects of COVID-19 on the Minneapolis lodging market have been severe. The pandemic particularly affected Downtown Minneapolis because of its reliance on November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 55 the meeting/group segment, and with international travel substantially reduced, hotels near the Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport and the Mall of America have been notably affected. Just as the Minnesota government's stay-at-home orders began to ease, Minneapolis drew national attention for the death of George Floyd during an arrest in May 2020; his death led to violence throughout the metro area and sparked social injustice protests worldwide. As a result, Minneapolis-St. Paul hotel market faced a slower recovery from the $52 loss in RevPAR recorded in 2020, with only a $16 gain in 2021. Many major employers delayed returning to offices, and Target vacated nearly one million square feet of office space. While many citywide events are planned for 2022, the full market recovery will require the earnest return of corporate travel. Minneapolis -St. Paul has been noted as one of the lowest-performing U.S. major markets this year, but the June opening of the Four Seasons in Downtown Minneapolis is expected to contribute to strong ADR growth. While the pandemic and negative publicity are anticipated to continue to affect business in the near term, the long-term outlook is optimistic given the return of international tourism, commercial demand, and citywide events. STR is an independent research firm that compiles and publishes data on the lodging industry, routinely used by typical hotel buyers. HVS has ordered and analyzed an STR Trend Report of historical supply and demand data for a group of hotels considered applicable to this analysis for the proposed subject hotel. This information is presented in the following table, along with the market-wide occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR. In response to the travel restrictions and the decline in demand associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous hotels in markets across the nation temporarily suspended operations. During these suspensions, hotels were typically closed to the public, with the majority of staff furloughed; however, key management and maintenance staff were retained to preserve the property and prepare for reopening. The Hampton Inn & Suites by Hilton Woodbury suspended operations between September 2020 and May 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis considers the full supply of competitive rooms, including any hotels that may have temporarily suspended operations. It is important to note that we have adjusted STR data to reflect the total available rooms in the market and true occupancy, regardless of suspended operations at competitive hotels. Historical Supply and Demand Data November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 56 FIGURE 4-11 HISTORICAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND TRENDS Year Average Daily Room Count Available Room Nights Change Occupied Room Nights Change Occupancy Average Rate Change RevPAR Change 2009 507 185,055 — 95,505 — 51.6 %$96.36 — $49.73 — 2010 507 185,055 0.0 %116,297 21.8 %62.8 96.51 0.2 %60.65 22.0 % 2011 507 185,055 0.0 124,310 6.9 67.2 101.15 4.8 67.95 12.0 2012 507 185,055 0.0 124,112 (0.2)67.1 106.10 4.9 71.16 4.7 2013 506 184,721 (0.2)129,720 4.5 70.2 112.46 6.0 78.98 11.0 2014 505 184,506 (0.1)131,739 1.6 71.4 118.09 5.0 84.32 6.8 2015 505 184,325 (0.1)136,575 3.7 74.1 120.29 1.9 89.13 5.7 2016 562 205,065 11.3 148,497 8.7 72.4 125.62 4.4 90.97 2.1 2017 746 272,185 32.7 196,385 32.2 72.2 121.18 (3.5)87.43 (3.9) 2018 949 346,385 27.3 237,588 21.0 68.6 123.02 1.5 84.38 (3.5) 2019 949 346,385 0.0 230,585 (2.9)66.6 113.89 (7.4)75.82 (10.1) 2020 949 346,385 0.0 126,181 (45.3)36.4 92.74 (18.6)33.78 (55.4) 2021 949 346,385 0.0 190,974 51.3 55.1 101.33 9.3 55.87 65.4 Year-to-Date Through August 2019 949 230,607 — 159,344 — 69.1 %$114.48 — $79.10 — 2020 949 230,607 0.0 %85,816 (46.1)%37.2 94.38 (17.6)%35.12 (55.6)% 2021 918 223,047 (3.3)126,768 47.7 56.8 98.67 4.5 56.08 59.7 2022 949 230,607 3.4 157,954 24.6 68.5 112.05 13.6 76.75 36.9 Average Annual Compounded Change: 2009 – 2019 6.5 %9.2 %1.7 %4.3 % 2009 – 2020 5.9 2.6 (0.3)(3.5) Competitive Hotels Included in Sample Class Status Hampton by Hilton Inn Minneapolis/St Paul-Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 63 May 2021 Jan 1996 Holiday Inn Express & Suites St Paul Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 100 Aug 1997 Aug 1997 Country Inn & Suites Cottage Grove Upper Midscale Class Primary 76 Jul 2002 Jul 2002 Hilton Garden Inn St Paul Oakdale Upscale Class Secondary 116 Feb 2005 Feb 2005 Sheraton Hotel St Paul Woodbury Upper Upscale Class Secondary 150 Jul 2008 Jul 2008 Residence Inn St Paul Woodbury Upscale Class Secondary 116 Sep 2016 Sep 2016 La Quinta Inns & Suites St Paul - Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 108 Nov 2016 Nov 2016 Hampton by Hilton Inn & Suites St Paul Oakdale/Woodbury Upper Midscale Class Secondary 100 Nov 2017 Nov 2017 Courtyard St Paul Woodbury Upscale Class Secondary 120 Jan 2018 Jan 2018 Total 949 Source: STR Number of Rooms Year Opened Year Affiliated November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 57 FIGURE 4-12 HISTORICAL SUPPLY AND DEMAND TRENDS (STR) 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Occupancy (%)Room NightsAvailable Room Nights Occupied Room Nights Occupancy It is important to note some limitations of the STR data. Hotels are occasionally added to or removed from the sample; furthermore, not every property reports data in a consistent and timely manner. These factors can influence the overall quality of the information by skewing the results, and these inconsistencies may also cause the STR data to differ from the results of our competitive survey. Nonetheless, STR data provide the best indication of aggregate growth or decline in existing supply and demand; thus, these trends have been considered in our analysis. Opening dates, as available, are presented for each reporting hotel in the previous table. The STR data for the competitive set reflect a market -wide occupancy level of 2021 in 55.1%, which compares to 36.4% for 2020. The STR data for the competitive set reflect a market-wide ADR level of $101.33 in 2021, which compares to $92.74 for 2020. These occupancy and ADR trends resulted in a RevPAR level of $55.87 in 2021. During the illustrated historical period, both occupancy and ADR generally followed a strengthening trend through 2016. This improvement in market conditions was driven largely by growth in the local economy and retail and commercial development in Woodbury. Occupancy and ADR began to soften in 2017 as new hotels were absorbed by the market. Supply increased by 88.0% between 2015 and 2018 with the opening of the Residence Inn by Marriott and La Quinta Inn & Suites November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 58 Woodbury in late 2016, the Hampton Inn & Suites Oakdale in late 2017, and the Courtyard by Marriott in Woodbury in January 2018. While occupancy declined to the high 60s in 2018, average rate remained fairly stable due to Super Bowl LII, which was held in Minneapolis. Following the loss of this one-time demand source, RevPAR fell by 10.0% in 2019. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began to affect the local market, similar to the rest of the nation, resulting in stay-at-home orders, group cancellations, and decreased business travel; thus, the 2020 data illustrate a significant decline in occupancy and a roughly $21 loss in ADR. By year- end 2021, occupancy and ADR had recovered a substantial portion of their 2020 losses, gaining traction in the latter half of the year after the wide distribution of vaccines. The year-to-date data through August 2022 reflect continued recovery, with both occupancy and ADR nearing the levels achieved in 2019. Given the return of both commercial and leisure travel as well as the ongoing development in both Woodbury and Cottage Grove, the outlook for the market is optimistic. Seasonality trends are presented in the following tables. FIGURE 4-13 SEASONALITY 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 High Season - June, July, August, September, October Occupancy 83.4 %81.4 %84.4 %81.0 %78.7 %42.1 %66.6 %— Average Rate $125.31 $130.89 $125.57 $123.42 $118.58 $91.05 $110.39 — RevPAR 104.52 106.51 105.95 99.99 93.27 38.36 73.56 — Shoulder Season - February, March, April, May Occupancy 72.3 %74.6 %72.2 %66.4 %63.6 %30.6 %50.4 %62.9 % Average Rate $117.96 $124.24 $119.53 $128.90 $110.92 $94.37 $88.91 $104.32 RevPAR 85.23 92.65 86.25 85.55 70.53 28.88 44.85 65.63 Low Season - January, November, December Occupancy 61.0 %57.7 %53.5 %50.8 %50.4 %34.5 %42.1 %— Average Rate $112.46 $116.99 $113.30 $111.93 $106.60 $94.29 $96.90 — RevPAR 68.61 67.46 60.63 56.89 53.70 32.58 40.82 — Source: STR The illustrated occupancy and ADR patterns reflect important seasonal characteristics. We have reviewed these trends in developing our forthcoming forecast of market-wide demand and average rate. The competitive market has historically been characterized by a moderate degree of seasonality. COVID-19 prompted some abnormalities to this regular trend in 2020 and early 2021; however, the regular seasonality patterns returned to the market soon thereafter. The strongest occupancy levels are often recorded in the summer months when Seasonality November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 59 demand from leisure travelers typically supplements the commercial segment that is the principal source of demand in this submarket. ADR levels have historically reflected a similar pattern. A review of the trends in occupancy and ADR by day of the week provides some insight into the impact that the current economic conditions have had on the competitive lodging market. The data, as provided by STR, are illustrated in the following tables. Patterns of Demand November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 60 FIGURE 4-14 OCCUPANCY BY DAY OF WEEK (TRAILING 12 MONTHS) Month Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Month Sep - 21 51.0 %57.2 %59.9 %60.0 %61.4 %81.5 %87.3 %65.1 % Oct - 21 41.3 55.7 59.2 58.8 58.2 74.6 80.7 61.6 Nov - 21 34.5 46.6 49.8 50.5 49.1 53.5 55.8 48.5 Dec - 21 36.6 45.5 47.2 46.1 42.2 53.3 55.2 46.6 January 22 34.1 42.4 46.5 44.2 41.0 48.3 55.1 44.4 Feb - 22 36.6 49.2 52.9 49.2 45.2 54.8 66.5 50.6 Mar - 22 42.9 53.9 60.2 59.0 56.2 64.8 67.6 57.9 Apr - 22 47.8 63.5 70.6 67.4 62.8 68.5 74.6 65.5 May - 22 59.6 71.3 80.6 81.8 73.4 85.4 88.5 76.6 Jun - 22 66.5 81.8 87.0 84.0 82.4 93.0 94.4 84.1 Jul - 22 71.0 77.7 86.6 87.8 87.0 88.1 91.0 84.1 Aug - 22 66.1 81.5 87.7 85.3 82.6 89.1 91.1 83.5 Average 49.2 %60.5 %66.0 %64.7 %61.7 %71.2 %75.6 %64.1 % Source: STR FIGURE 4-15 ADR BY DAY OF WEEK (TRAILING 12 MONTHS) Month Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Month Sep - 21 $108.27 $105.83 $108.25 $109.05 $108.00 $116.46 $121.84 $111.85 Oct - 21 102.35 105.45 107.08 106.49 105.57 113.93 116.24 109.39 Nov - 21 99.76 101.95 102.76 104.91 103.74 104.42 106.07 103.53 Dec - 21 94.66 98.71 98.79 99.21 99.13 99.82 99.87 98.84 January 22 93.85 96.68 100.00 97.35 94.96 96.36 100.57 97.39 Feb - 22 93.43 97.32 98.24 98.74 94.69 98.75 103.05 98.21 Mar - 22 95.54 100.44 101.08 100.82 98.08 107.28 110.61 102.29 Apr - 22 94.28 99.01 104.47 104.70 99.01 106.51 109.40 103.40 May - 22 103.67 104.34 106.38 106.14 105.48 120.25 124.33 110.26 Jun - 22 110.22 115.66 119.86 115.99 116.16 132.66 136.27 121.40 Jul - 22 112.78 118.26 119.68 121.22 118.86 130.36 132.45 122.70 Aug - 22 110.51 116.58 119.54 119.47 117.23 134.61 138.48 122.59 Average $103.37 $106.51 $108.80 $108.84 $106.94 $116.03 $118.80 $110.47 Source: STR FIGURE 4-16 OCCUPANCY AND ADR BY DAY OF WEEK (TRAILING 12 MONTHS) $95.00 $100.00 $105.00 $110.00 $115.00 $120.00 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday SaturdayOccupancy (%)Occupancy ADR November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 62 FIGURE 4-17 OCCUPANCY, ADR, AND REVPAR BY DAY OF WEEK (MULTIPLE YEARS) Occupancy (%) Sep 19 - Aug 20 33.7 %45.7 %51.6 %48.7 %41.3 %46.2 %50.4 %45.3 % Sep 20 - Aug 21 40.0 46.8 49.6 49.4 48.8 57.2 61.5 50.5 Sep 21 - Aug 22 49.2 60.5 66.0 64.7 61.7 71.2 75.6 64.1 Change (Occupancy Points) FY 19 - FY 20 6.3 1.1 (2.1)0.7 7.6 11.0 11.1 5.1 FY 20 - FY 21 9.1 13.7 16.4 15.3 12.9 14.0 14.1 13.7 ADR ($) Sep 19 - Aug 20 $98.73 $105.43 $108.11 $106.70 $100.88 $97.54 $99.32 $102.64 Sep 20 - Aug 21 92.19 93.47 94.52 94.57 95.38 100.06 101.79 96.40 Sep 21 - Aug 22 103.37 106.51 108.80 108.84 106.94 116.03 118.80 110.47 Change (Dollars) FY 19 - FY 20 ($6.53)($11.96)($13.59)($12.12)($5.51)$2.52 $2.46 ($6.24) FY 20 - FY 21 11.18 13.05 14.28 14.27 11.56 15.98 17.01 14.07 Change (Percent) FY 19 - FY 20 (6.6)%(11.3)%(12.6)%(11.4)%(5.5)%2.6 %2.5 %(6.1)% FY 20 - FY 21 12.1 14.0 15.1 15.1 12.1 16.0 16.7 14.6 RevPAR ($) Sep 19 - Aug 20 $33.26 $48.20 $55.83 $51.94 $41.62 $45.08 $50.06 $46.54 Sep 20 - Aug 21 36.91 43.72 46.86 46.74 46.55 57.26 62.58 48.65 Sep 21 - Aug 22 50.84 64.46 71.79 70.43 65.97 82.65 89.85 70.85 Change (Dollars) FY 19 - FY 20 $3.64 ($4.48)($8.97)($5.21)$4.93 $12.18 $12.52 $2.12 FY 20 - FY 21 13.93 20.74 24.93 23.70 19.41 25.39 27.27 22.20 Change (Percent) FY 19 - FY 20 11.0 %(9.3)%(16.1)%(10.0)%11.8 %27.0 %25.0 %4.5 % FY 20 - FY 21 37.8 47.4 53.2 50.7 41.7 44.3 43.6 45.6 Sunday Monday Tuesday Total YearWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday Source: STR Sunday Monday Tuesday Thursday Sunday Monday Tuesday Thursday Wednesday Total YearSaturday Friday Wednesday Friday Total YearSaturday In most markets, business travel, including individual commercial travelers and corporate groups, is the predominant source of demand on Monday through Thursday nights. Leisure travelers and non-business-related groups generate a majority of demand on Friday and Saturday nights. Occupancy levels are typically weak on Sunday nights when all segments of demand are at their lowest. As business November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 63 travel intensifies, Tuesday and Wednesday reflect strong nights of occupancy. Leisure travel strengthens on Friday and Saturday nights and often surpasses the levels experienced midweek. Based on an evaluation of the occupancy, rate structure, market orientation, chain affiliation, location, facilities, amenities, reputation, and quality of each area hotel, as well as the comments of management representatives, we have identified several properties that are expected to be primarily competitive with the Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel. If applicable, additional lodging facilities may be judged only secondarily competitive; although the facilities, rate structures, or market orientations of these hotels prevent their inclusion among the primary competitive supply, they are expected to compete with the proposed subject hotel to some extent. The following table summarizes the important operating characteristics of the future primary competitors and the aggregate secondary competitors (as applicable). This information was compiled from personal interviews, inspections, online resources, and our in-house database of operating and hotel facility data. In cases where exact operating data for an individual property (or properties) were not available, we have used these resources, as well as the STR data, to estimate positioning within the market. SUPPLY Primary Competition November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 64 FIGURE 4-18 PRIMARY COMPETITORS – OPERATING PERFORMANCE Est. Segmentation Estimated 2019 Estimated 2021 Property Occ.RevPAR RevPAR Occupancy Penetration Yield Penetration Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove 76 40 %10 %50 %76 60 - 65 %$95 - $100 $55 - $60 76 65 - 70 %$95 - $100 $60 - $65 110 - 120 %110 - 120 % Wakota Inn & Suites 31 10 0 90 31 45 - 50 75 - 80 35 - 40 31 45 - 50 70 - 75 35 - 40 85 - 90 60 - 65 Sub-Totals/Averages 107 33 %8 %60 %107 59.2 %$90.11 $53.37 107 61.4 %$91.39 $56 111 %101.7 % Secondary Competitors 873 63 %18 %19 %655 66.9 %$115.55 $77.31 655 54.1 %$101.67 $55 98 %99.7 % Totals/Averages 980 59 %17 %24 %762 65.8 %$112.33 $73.95 762 55.1 %$100.06 $55 100 %100.0 % * Specific occupancy and average rate data were utilized in our analysis, but are presented in ranges in the above table for the purposes of confidentiality. Weighted Annual Room Count Number of Rooms Average Rate Occ. Weighted Annual Room Count Average RateCommercialGroupLeisure November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 65 The following map illustrates the three possible locations of the proposed subject property and its future competitors. MAP OF COMPETITION November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 66 Our survey of the primarily competitive hotels in the local market shows a range of lodging types and facilities. Each primary competitor was inspected and evaluated. Descriptions of our findings are presented below. November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 67 PRIMARY COMPETITOR #1 - COUNTRY INN & SUITES BY CARLSON COTTAGE GROVE FIGURE 4-19 ESTIMATED HISTORICAL OPERATING STATISTICS Year Est. 2019 76 60 - 65 %$95 - $100 $55 - $60 90 - 95 %75 - 80 % Est. 2021 76 65 - 70 95 - 100 60 - 65 110 - 120 110 - 120 Wtd. Annual Room Count Occupancy RevPAR Occupancy Penetration Yield Penetration Average Rate This upper-midscale hotel benefits from its national brand affiliation, good condition, complimentary breakfast offering, and visible location along U.S. Highway 10/61. Overall, the property appeared to be in good condition. Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove 8350 East Point Douglas Road Cottage Grove, MN November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 68 PRIMARY COMPETITOR #2 - WAKOTA INN & SUITES FIGURE 4-20 ESTIMATED HISTORICAL OPERATING STATISTICS Year Est. 2019 31 45 - 50 %$75 - $80 $35 - $40 70 - 75 %45 - 50 % Est. 2021 31 45 - 50 70 - 75 35 - 40 85 - 90 60 - 65 Wtd. Annual Room Count Occupancy RevPAR Occupancy Penetration Average Rate Yield Penetration This economy, limited-service hotel is proximate to many restaurants at the 80th Avenue Exit of U.S. Highway 10/61, but is disadvantaged by its dated condition and lack of amenities. Overall, the property appeared to be in fair condition. Wakota Inn & Suites 7125 South 80th Street Cottage Grove, MN November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 69 We have also reviewed other area lodging facilities to determine whether any may compete with the proposed subject hotel on a secondary basis. The room count of each anticipated secondary competitor has been weighted based on its assumed degree of competitiveness in the future with the proposed subject hotel. By assigning degrees of competitiveness, we can assess how the proposed subject hotel and its future competitors may react to various changes in the market, including new supply, changes to demand generators, and renovations or franchise changes of existing supply. The following table sets forth the pertinent operating characteristics of the secondary competitors. Secondary Competitors November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 70 FIGURE 4-21 SECONDARY COMPETITORS – OPERATING PERFORMANCE Est. Segmentation Estimated 2019 Estimated 2021 Property Number of Rooms Occ. Average Rate RevPAR Occ. Average Rate RevPAR Sheraton Saint Paul Woodbury 150 55 %30 %15 %75 %113 65 - 70 %$115 - $120 $75 - $80 113 50 - 55 %$95 - $100 $50 - $55 Courtyard by Marriott Saint Paul Woodbury 120 65 20 15 75 90 60 - 65 120 - 125 75 - 80 90 55 - 60 110 - 115 60 - 65 Residence Inn by Marriott Saint Paul Woodbury 116 75 10 15 75 87 75 - 80 130 - 140 100 - 105 87 75 - 80 120 - 125 95 - 100 Hampton by Hilton Minneapolis Saint Paul Woodbury 63 70 10 20 75 47 65 - 70 110 - 115 75 - 80 47 25 - 30 95 - 100 25 - 30 Hilton Garden Inn Saint Paul Oakdale 116 60 30 10 75 87 65 - 70 115 - 120 75 - 80 87 30 - 35 95 - 100 30 - 35 Hampton by Hilton Saint Paul Oakdale Woodbury 100 60 10 30 75 75 60 - 65 105 - 110 65 - 70 75 50 - 55 95 - 100 50 - 55 La Quinta Inn & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury 108 60 10 30 75 81 65 - 70 95 - 100 65 - 70 81 55 - 60 85 - 90 50 - 55 Holiday Inn Express & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury 100 65 15 20 75 75 60 - 65 105 - 110 65 - 70 75 55 - 60 90 - 95 50 - 55 Totals/Averages 873 63 %18 %19 %75 %655 66.9 %$115.55 $77.31 655 54.1 %$101.67 $55.00 * Specific occupancy and average rate data was utilized in our analysis, but is presented in ranges in the above table for the purposes of confidentiality. Total Competitive Level Weighted Annual Room Count Weighted Annual Room CountLeisureCommercialGroup November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 71 Many of the area demand generators indicated that their guests stay at hotels in the neighboring city of Woodbury due to the lack of preferred hotel accommodations in Cottage Grove, preference for brand affiliation, lack of availability, and proximity to more restaurant/retail options. Therefore, we have identified eight hotels in the city of Woodbury that are expected to compete with the proposed subject hotel on a secondary level. It is important to consider any new hotels that may have an impact on the proposed subject hotel’s operating performance. We have identified the following new supply that is expected to have some degree of competitive interaction with the proposed subject hotel based on location, anticipated market orientation and price point, and/or operating profile. FIGURE 4-22 NEW SUPPLY Total Proposed Property Number of Competitive Level Estimated Opening Date Development Stage Proposed Subject Property 90 100 %90 May 1, 2025 Early Development Confluence Hotel 77 75 58 May 1, 2023 Under Construction Totals/Averages 167 148 Weighted Room Count The 77-room, full-service Confluence Hotel and Event Center is expected to open in the second quarter of 2023 in Hastings, which is approximately ten miles southeast of Cottage Grove. Given its expected location and product offering, this hotel has been considered a future secondary competitor in our analysis. Based on conversations with area planning officials, no additional hotels are under construction or planned for development in the competitive market. In response to the travel restrictions and the decline in demand associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous hotels in markets across the nation temporarily suspended operations. During these suspensions, hotels were typically closed to the public, with the majority of staff furloughed; however, key management and maintenance staff were retained to preserve the property and prepare for reopening. The Hampton Inn & Suites by Hilton Woodbury suspended operations between September 2020 and May 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis considers the full supply of competitive rooms, including any hotels that may have temporarily suspended operations. It is important to note that we have adjusted STR data to reflect the total available rooms in the market and true occupancy, regardless of suspended operations at competitive hotels. Supply Changes November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 72 While we have taken reasonable steps to investigate proposed hotel projects and their status, due to the nature of real estate development, it is impossible to determine with certainty every hotel that will be opened in the future or what thei r marketing strategies and effect on the market will be. Depending on the outcome of current and future projects, the future operating potential of the proposed subject hotel may be affected. Future improvement in market conditions will raise the risk of increased competition. Our forthcoming forecast of stabilized occupancy and ADR is intended to reflect such risk. We have identified various properties that are expected to be competitive to some degree with the proposed subject hotel. We have also investigated potential increases in competitive supply in this Cottage Grove submarket. The Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel should enter a dynamic market of varying product types and price points. Next, we will present our forecast for demand change, using the historical supply data presented as a starting point. The following table presents the most recent trends for the subject hotel market as tracked by HVS. These data pertain to the competitors discussed previously in this section; performance results are estimated, rounded for the competition, and weighted if there are secondary competitors present. In this respect, the information in the table differs from the previously presented STR data and is consistent with the supply-and-demand analysis developed for this report. FIGURE 4-23 HISTORICAL MARKET TRENDS Year Est. 2019 183,028 — 278,039 — 65.8 %$112.33 — $73.95 — Est. 2020 104,688 (42.8)%278,039 0.0 %37.7 90.80 (19.2)%34.19 (53.8)% Est. 2021 153,253 46.4 278,039 0.0 55.1 100.06 10.2 55.15 61.3 Avg. Annual Compounded Chg., Est. 2019-Est. 2021:(8.5)%(0.0)%(5.6)%(13.6)% % Change Market Occupancy Market ADR % Change Room Nights Available % Change % Change Market RevPAR Accommodated Room Nights For the purpose of demand analysis, the overall market is divided into individual segments based on the nature of travel. Based on our fieldwork, area analysis, and knowledge of the local lodging market, we estimate the 2019 distribution of accommodated-room-night demand as follows. Supply Conclusion DEMAND Demand Analysis Using Market Segmentation November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 73 FIGURE 4-24 BASE-YEAR ACCOMMODATED-ROOM-NIGHT DEMAND 2019 Marketwide Market Segment Commercial 108,875 59 %76,626 50 % Group 30,382 17 30,651 20 Leisure 43,771 24 45,976 30 Total 183,028 100 %153,253 100 % 2021 Marketwide Accommodated Demand Percentage of Total Accommodated Demand Percentage of Total FIGURE 4-25 MARKET-WIDE ACCOMMODATED-ROOM-NIGHT DEMAND 50% 20% 30%Commercial Group Leisure In 2021, the market’s demand mix comprised commercial demand, with this segment representing roughly 50% of the accommodated room nights in this Cottage Grove submarket. The group segment comprised 20% of the total, with the final portion leisure in nature, reflecting 30%. Using the distribution of accommodated hotel demand as a starting point, we will analyze the characteristics of each market segment in an effort to determine future trends in room-night demand. Commercial demand consists mainly of individual businesspeople passing through the subject market or visiting area businesses, in addition to high-volume corporate accounts generated by local firms. Brand loyalty (particularly frequent-traveler programs), as well as location and convenience with respect to businesses and amenities, influence lodging choices in this segment. Companies typically designate hotels as “preferred” accommodations in return for more favorable rates, which are Commercial Segment November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 74 discounted in proportion to the number of room nights produced by a commercial client. Commercial demand is strongest Monday through Thursday nights, declines significantly on Friday and Saturday, and increases somewhat on Sunday night. It is relatively constant throughout the year, with marginal declines in late December and during other holiday periods. Primary commercial demand generators for this market typically include major corporate offices in the area, such as 3M, Renewal by Andersen, Van Meter, Marathon Petroleum, and Smead Manufacturing. Commercially driven demand declined notably in 2020 and early 2021 given the COVID-19 pandemic. As employees continue to return to offices and development continues in the market, we expect commercial demand to surpass 2019 levels. In the limited-service sector, group demand is most commonly generated by groups that require ten or more room nights, but which need little to no meeting space within the hotel. Examples of these groups include family reunions, sports teams, and bus tours. In some markets, limited-service hotels may also accommodate demand from groups or individuals attending events at the local convention center or at one of the larger convention hotels in the area. Social groups and coordinated bookings for youth sports teams have historically generated group demand for local hotels; furthermore, corporate groups have represented additional sources of demand. However, this type of demand was limited in 2020 and early 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to area recreational officials, sports groups returned to the market in 2021 and 2022, while wedding business has increased significantly in 2022. Due to the lack of hotel rooms in the market, many groups reportedly stay in nearby Woodbury. Demand within this segment is forecast to continue to grow with the expansion of group facilities and sports venues in the area. Leisure demand consists of individuals and families spending time in an area or passing through en route to other destinations. Travel purposes include sightseeing, recreation, or visiting friends and relatives. Leisure demand also includes room nights booked through Internet sites such as Expedia, Hotels.com, and Priceline; however, leisure may not be the purpose of the stay. This demand may also include business travelers and group and convention attendees who use these channels to take advantage of any discounts that may be available on these sites. Leisure demand is strongest on Friday and Saturday nights and all week during holiday periods and the summer months. These peak periods represent the inverse of commercial visitation trends, underscoring the stabilizing effect of capturing weekend and summer tourist travel. Future leisure demand is related to the overall economic health of the region and the nation. Trends showing changes in state and Group Segment Leisure Segment November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 75 regional unemployment and disposable personal income correlate strongly with leisure travel levels. Leisure demand for this highway-adjacent market is typically generated by motorists on U.S. Highway 61/10 seeking a convenient stopover en route to other destinations, as well as by those visiting friends and family in the area. We have considered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on leisure demand in our forecasts. Leisure demand is a strong source of demand in this market and has been recovering since the spring of 2021, noticeably more quickly than the other segments. The purpose of segmenting the lodging market is to define each major type of demand, identify customer characteristics, and estimate future growth trends. Starting with an analysis of the local area, three segments were defined as representing the proposed subject hotel’s lodging market. Various types of economic and demographic data were then evaluated to determine their propensity to reflect changes in hotel demand. Based on this procedure, we forecast the following average annual compounded market-segment growth rates. FIGURE 4-26 AVERAGE ANNUAL COMPOUNDED MARKET-SEGMENT GROWTH RATES Annual Growth Rate Market Segment Commercial 25.0 %5.0 %3.0 %5.0 %3.0 %0.0 %0.0 % Group 15.0 7.0 10.0 7.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 Leisure 10.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 Base Demand Growth 18.5 %5.4 %4.4 %5.1 %3.2 %0.0 %0.0 % 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 A table presented earlier in this section illustrated the accommodated-room-night demand in the proposed subject hotel’s competitive market. Because this estimate is based on historical occupancy levels, it includes only those hotel rooms that were used by guests. Latent demand reflects potential room-night demand that has not been realized by the existing competitive supply, further classified as either unaccommodated demand or induced demand. Unaccommodated demand refers to individuals who are unable to secure accommodations in the market because all the local hotels are filled. These travelers must defer their trips, settle for less desirable accommodations, or stay in properties located outside the market area. Because this demand did not yield occupied room nights, it is not included in the estimate of historical accommodated- Base Demand Growth Rates Latent Demand Unaccommodated Demand November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 76 room-night demand. If additional lodging facilities are expected to enter the market, it is reasonable to assume that these guests will be able to secure hotel rooms in the future, and it is therefore necessary to quantify this demand. Unaccommodated demand is further indicated if the market is at all seasonal, with distinct high and low seasons; such seasonality indicates that although year-end occupancy may not average in excess of 70.0%, the market may sell out certain nights during the year. To evaluate the incidence of unaccommodated demand in the market, we have reviewed the average occupancy by the night of the week for the past twelve months for the competitive set, as reflected in the STR data. This is set forth in the following table. FIGURE 4-27 OCCUPANCY BY NIGHT OF THE WEEK Month Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Total Month Sep - 21 51.0 %57.2 %59.9 %60.0 %61.4 %81.5 %87.3 %65.1 % Oct - 21 41.3 55.7 59.2 58.8 58.2 74.6 80.7 61.6 Nov - 21 34.5 46.6 49.8 50.5 49.1 53.5 55.8 48.5 Dec - 21 36.6 45.5 47.2 46.1 42.2 53.3 55.2 46.6 January 22 34.1 42.4 46.5 44.2 41.0 48.3 55.1 44.4 Feb - 22 36.6 49.2 52.9 49.2 45.2 54.8 66.5 50.6 Mar - 22 42.9 53.9 60.2 59.0 56.2 64.8 67.6 57.9 Apr - 22 47.8 63.5 70.6 67.4 62.8 68.5 74.6 65.5 May - 22 59.6 71.3 80.6 81.8 73.4 85.4 88.5 76.6 Jun - 22 66.5 81.8 87.0 84.0 82.4 93.0 94.4 84.1 Jul - 22 71.0 77.7 86.6 87.8 87.0 88.1 91.0 84.1 Aug - 22 66.1 81.5 87.7 85.3 82.6 89.1 91.1 83.5 Average 49.2 %60.5 %66.0 %64.7 %61.7 %71.2 %75.6 %64.1 % Source: STR The following table presents our estimate of unaccommodated demand in the subject market. November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 77 FIGURE 4-28 UNACCOMMODATED DEMAND ESTIMATE Market Segment Commercial 108,875 0.0 %0 Group 30,382 4.6 1,391 Leisure 43,771 3.1 1,336 Total 183,028 1.5 %2,728 Unaccommodated Demand Unaccommodated Room Night Demand Accommodated Room Night Demand Accordingly, we have forecast unaccommodated demand equivalent to 1.5% of the base-year demand, resulting from our analysis of monthly and weekly peak demand and sell-out trends. Induced demand represents the additional room nights that are expected to be attracted to the market following the introduction of a new demand generator. Situations that can result in induced demand include the opening of a new manufacturing plant, the expansion of a convention center, or the addition of a new hotel with a distinct chain affiliation or unique facilities. Although increases in demand are expected in the local market, we have accounted for this growth in the determination of market-segment growth rates rather than induced demand. Based upon a review of the market dynamics in the proposed subject hotel’s competitive environment, we have forecast growth rates for each market segment. Using the calculated potential demand for the market, we have determined market- wide accommodated demand based on the inherent limitations of demand fluctuations and other factors in the market area. The following table details our projection of lodging demand growth for the subject market, including the total number of occupied room nights and any residual unaccommodated demand in the market. Induced Demand Accommodated Demand and Market- wide Occupancy November-2022 Supply and Demand Analysis Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 78 FIGURE 4-29 FORECAST OF MARKET OCCUPANCY 108,875 76,626 95,783 100,572 103,589 108,769 112,032 112,032 112,032 Growth Rate (29.6)%25.0 %5.0 %3.0 %5.0 %3.0 %0.0 %0.0 % 30,382 30,651 35,248 37,715 41,487 44,391 46,611 46,611 46,611 1,404 1,614 1,727 1,900 2,033 2,135 2,135 2,135 30,382 32,054 36,862 39,443 43,387 46,424 48,745 48,745 48,745 5.5 %15.0 %7.0 %10.0 %7.0 %5.0 %0.0 %0.0 % 43,771 45,976 50,573 53,102 54,695 56,883 58,021 58,021 58,021 1,404 1,544 1,621 1,670 1,737 1,771 1,771 1,771 43,771 47,379 52,117 54,723 56,365 58,619 59,792 59,792 59,792 8.2 %10.0 %5.0 %3.0 %4.0 %2.0 %0.0 %0.0 % Base Demand 183,028 153,253 181,604 191,389 199,771 210,043 216,663 216,663 216,663 Unaccommodated Demand 2,807 3,158 3,348 3,570 3,769 3,906 3,906 3,906 Total Demand 183,028 156,060 184,762 194,738 203,341 213,812 220,569 220,569 220,569 less: Residual Demand 2,807 3,158 2,470 2,646 755 542 542 542 Total Accommodated Demand 183,028 153,253 181,604 192,268 200,695 213,057 220,027 220,027 220,027 Overall Demand Growth —46.4 %18.5 %5.9 %4.4 %6.2 %3.3 %0.0 %0.0 % Market Mix 59.5 %50.0 %51.8 %51.6 %50.9 %50.9 %50.8 %50.8 %50.8 % 16.6 20.0 20.0 20.3 21.3 21.7 22.1 22.1 22.1 23.9 30.0 28.2 28.1 27.7 27.4 27.1 27.1 27.1 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 Proposed Subject Property 1 60 90 90 90 Confluence Hotel 2 39 58 58 58 58 58 Available Room Nights per Year 278,039 278,039 278,039 292,188 299,118 321,168 331,968 331,968 331,968 Nights per Year 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 Total Supply 762 762 762 801 820 880 910 910 910 Rooms Supply Growth 0.0 %0.0 %0.0 %5.1 %2.4 %7.4 %3.4 %0.0 %0.0 % Marketwide Occupancy 65.8 %55.1 %65.3 %65.8 %67.1 %66.3 %66.3 %66.3 %66.3 % 1 Opening in May 2025 of the 100% competitive, 90-room Proposed Subject Property 2 Opening in May 2023 of the 75% competitive, 77-room Confluence Hotel Leisure Existing Hotel Supply Proposed Hotels Totals Commercial Group Total Demand Growth Rate Leisure Base Demand Unaccommodated Demand Total Demand Growth Rate Unaccommodated Demand 2027 2028 Total Demand Group Base Demand Commercial 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 20262019 The defined competitive market of hotels experienced a sharp occupancy decline in 2020 and early 2021 because of the severe downturn in travel associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent recovery is expected to continue given the ongoing return of many employees to offices, stronger levels of industrial development in both Cottage Grove and Woodbury, and the return of larger group gatherings. November-2022 Description of the Proposed Improvements Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 79 5. Description of the Proposed Improvements The quality of a lodging facility's physical improvements has a direct influence on marketability, attainable occupancy, and average room rate. The design and functionality of the structure can also affect operating efficiency and overall profitability. This section investigates the subject property's proposed physical improvements and personal property in an effort to determine how they are expected to contribute to attainable cash flows. The City of Cottage Grove is looking into the development of a hotel and multiple site locations are available for such development; however, a specific site had not been chosen at the time of our report. We have analyzed the locations of the sites in regard to their proximity to demand generators, retail establishments, and entertainment venues. Based on interviews conducted with demand generators and our evaluation of the market performance, it is our recommendation that the proposed subject hotel operate as a midscale or upper-midscale limited-service property, such as a Fairfield by Marriott, Hampton by Hilton, Holiday Inn Express, or comparable brand. Given the existence of extended-stay demand in the market, there is the potential for a dual branding of the subject hotel to include some extended-stay rooms in the available inventory. Possible dual-branded hotel combinations include Fairfield/TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Tru/Home2 Suites by Hilton, and Avid/Candlewood Suites. It is important to note that select-service and full-service hotels may be preferred by some traveling corporate executives in the area, however, these type of hotels would need to garner significantly higher average rates than what is currently being achieved in order to justify the higher construction cost. Based on our demand generator surveys conducted in the area, there was not a substantial number of consumers willing to pay higher rates. Based on our review the existing supply and demand in the Cottage Grove and Woodbury markets, as well as considering the seasonality of the area, we would recommend a room count of between 80 and 100 rooms. For the purpose of our projections, we have positioned the proposed subject property as a 90 -unit nationally-affiliated, upper midscale limited-service hotel. The following table summarizes the facilities that we recommend be available at the proposed subject hotel. Project Overview Summary of the Recommended Facilities November-2022 Description of the Proposed Improvements Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 80 FIGURE 5-1 PROPOSED FACILITIES RECOMMENDATION Guestroom Configuration Queen/Queen 50% King 50% Total 80 to 100 Food & Beverage Facilities Complimentary Breakfast Area Indoor Meeting & Banquet Facilities Meeting Room 50 Amenities & Services Indoor Swimming Pool Lobby Workstation Indoor Whirlpool Market Pantry Fitness Room Guest Laundry Area Capacity Number of Units Once guests enter the site, ample parking should be available on a surface lot or subterranean parking lot underneath the hotel, depending on the constraints of the site. Site improvements are expected to include freestanding signage at the main entrance to the development, which should direct motorists to the hotel's main entrance (additional signage is also anticipated to be placed on the exterior of the building). We assume that all signage will adequately identify the property and meet brand standards. Landscaping should allow for a positive guest impression and competitive exterior appearance. Sidewalks should be present along the front entrance and around the perimeter of the hotel. The hotel structure will likely comprise one single building. The building components are expected to be normal for a hotel of this type and should meet the standards for this market and selected brand. We assume that all structural components will meet local building codes and that no significant defaults will occur during construction that would impact the future operating potential of the hotel or delay its assumed opening date. The hotel’s complimentary breakfast dining area is anticipated to be located off the lobby. Its size and layout should be appropriate for the hotel. The furnishings of the space are expected to be of a similar style and finish as lobby and guestroom furnishings. Based on market demand, and in consideration of brand standards, it is our recommendation that the proposed hotel offer at least one meeting room with a capacity for 50 people. This amount of meeting space should be appropriate for a hotel of this type and would be assumed to meet brand standards. The hotel should offer an indoor pool and whirlpool and a fitness room as recreational facilities. Other Site Improvements and Hotel Structure Facilities November-2022 Description of the Proposed Improvements Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 81 amenities are likely to include a lobby workstation or small business center, a market pantry, and a guest laundry area. Overall, the supporting facilities should be appropriate for a hotel of this type, and we assume that they will meet brand standards. A midscale and upper midscale hotel should feature standard and suite-style room configurations, with guestrooms present on all levels of the property's proposed single building. The standard guestrooms should offer typical amenities for this product type, while the suites would be expected to feature a larger living area. If the hotel is dual-branded, the extended-stay suites would offer fully equipped kitchens and separated living and sleeping areas. The guestroom bathrooms would be of a standard size, with a shower-in-tub or shower stall, commode, and single sink with vanity area. Overall, the guestrooms should offer a competitive product for this Cottage Grove neighborhood. The hotel is expected to be served by the necessary back-of-the-house space, including an in-house laundry facility, administrative offices, and a prep kitchen to service the needs of the breakfast dining area. These spaces should be adequate for a hotel of this type and should allow for the efficient operation of the property under competent management. We assume that the property will be built according to all pertinent codes and brand standards. Moreover, we assume its construction will not create any environmental hazards (such as mold) and that the property will fully comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Our analysis assumes that the hotel will require ongoing upgrades and periodic renovations after its opening in order to maintain its competitive level in this market and to remain compliant with brand standards. These costs should be adequately funded by the forecasted reserve for replacement, as long as hotel staff employs a successful, ongoing preventive-maintenance program. Overall, the proposed subject property should offer a well-designed, functional layout of support areas and guestrooms. All typical and market-appropriate features and amenities are expected to be included in the hotel's design. We assume that the building will be fully open and operational on the stipulated opening date and will meet all local building codes and brand standards. Furthermore, we assume that the hotel staff will be adequately trained to allow for a successful opening and that pre-marketing efforts will have introduced the product to major local accounts at least six months in advance of the opening date. Guestrooms Back-of-the-House, ADA, and Environmental Capital Expenditures Conclusion November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 82 6. Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Along with average rate results, the occupancy levels achieved by a hotel are the foundation of the property's financial performance. Most of a lodging facility's other revenue sources (such as food and beverage, other operated departments, and miscellaneous income) are driven by the number of guests, and many expense levels vary with occupancy. To a certain degree, occupancy attainment can be manipulated by management. For example, hotel operators may choose to lower rates in an effort to maximize occupancy. Our forecasts reflect an operating strategy that we believe would be implemented by a typical, professional hotel management team to achieve an optimal mix of occupancy and average rate. The proposed subject hotel's forecasted market share and occupancy levels are based upon its anticipated competitive position within the market, as quantified by its penetration rate. The penetration rate is the ratio of a hotel's market share to its fair share. In the following table, the penetration rates attained by the primary competitors and the aggregate secondary competitors are set forth for each segment for the base year. As discussed previously in the Supply and Demand Analysis chapter of this report, we are utilizing the market’s performance prior to the onset of the COVID- 19 pandemic as a benchmark for projecting a return to normalized performance. FIGURE 6-1 HISTORICAL PENETRATION RATES OverallCommercialGroupLeisureProperty Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove 119 %116 %300 %170 % Wakota Inn & Suites 22 0 405 127 Secondary Competition 101 103 62 91OverallCommercialGroupLeisure The Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove achieved the highest penetration rate within the commercial and group segments, while the Wakota Inn & Suites led the market with the highest leisure penetration rate. Penetration Rate Analysis Base-Year Penetration Rates by Market Segment November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 83 Because the supply and demand balance for the competitive market is dynamic, there is a circular relationship between the penetration factors of each hotel in the market. The performance of individual new hotels has a direct effect upon the aggregate performance of the market and, consequently, upon the calculated penetration factor for each hotel in each market segment. The same is true when the performance of existing hotels changes, either positively (following a refurbishment, for example) or negatively (when a poorly maintained or marketed hotel loses market share). A hotel’s penetration factor is calculated as its achieved market share of demand divided by its fair share of demand. Thus, if one hotel’s penetration performance increases, thereby increasing its achieved market share, this leaves less demand available in the market for the other hotels to capture, and the penetration performance of one or more of those other hotels consequently declines (other things remaining equal). This type of market share adjustment takes place every time there is a change in supply or a change in the relative penetration performance of one or more hotels in the competitive market. Our projections of penetration, demand capture, and occupancy performance for the proposed subject hotel account for these types of adjustments to market share within the defined competitive market. The proposed subject hotel's occupancy forecast is set forth as follows, with the adjusted projected penetration rates used as a basis for calculating the amount of captured market demand. Forecast of Subject Property’s Occupancy November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 84 FIGURE 6-2 FORECAST OF SUBJECT PROPERTY'S OCCUPANCY Market Segment Commercial Demand 108,769 111,766 111,766 111,766 Market Share 7.2 %11.2 %11.2 %11.2 % Capture 7,840 12,572 12,572 12,572 Penetration 105 %114 %114 %114 % Group Demand 46,017 48,620 48,620 48,620 Market Share 4.9 %8.0 %8.6 %8.6 % Capture 2,243 3,901 4,169 4,169 Penetration 71 %81 %87 %87 % Leisure Demand 58,272 59,642 59,642 59,642 Market Share 7.2 %10.4 %10.4 %10.4 % Capture 4,200 6,186 6,186 6,186 Penetration 105 %105 %105 %105 % Total Room Nights Captured 14,283 22,659 22,927 22,927 Available Room Nights 22,050 32,850 32,850 32,850 Subject Occupancy 65 %69 %70 %70 % Market-wide Available Room Nights 321,168 331,968 331,968 331,968 Fair Share 7 %10 %10 %10 % Market-wide Occupied Room Nights 213,057 220,027 220,027 220,027 Market Share 7 %10 %10 %10 % Market-wide Occupancy 66 %66 %66 %66 % Total Penetration 98 %104 %105 %105 % 2025 2026 2027 2028 Within the commercial segment, the proposed subject hotel’s occupancy penetration is positioned above the market-average level supported by the assumed national franchise affiliation, age of the property, and proximity to the industrial park. The proposed subject hotel's occupancy penetration in the meeting and group segment is positioned appropriately within the range of existing competitors given the proposed hotel's limited amount of anticipated meeting space. Within the leisure segment, the proposed subject hotel's occupancy penetration is positioned above the market-average level, largely attributed to the national affiliation, proposed complimentary amenities, and proximity to U.S. Highway 10/61. November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 85 These positioned segment penetration rates result in the following market segmentation forecast. FIGURE 6-3 MARKET SEGMENTATION FORECAST – SUBJECT PROPERTY Commercial 55 %55 %55 %55 % Group 16 17 18 18 Leisure 29 27 27 27 Total 100 %100 %100 %100 % 2025 2026 2027 2028 FIGURE 6-4 STABILIZED MARKET SEGMENTATION – SUBJECT PROPERTY 55% 18% 27% Commercial Group Leisure Based on our analysis of the proposed subject hotel and market area, we have selected a stabilized occupancy level of 70%. The stabilized occupancy is intended to reflect the anticipated results of the property over its remaining economic life given all changes in the life cycle of the hotel. Thus, the stabilized occupancy excludes from consideration any abnormal relationship between supply and demand, as well as any nonrecurring conditions that may result in unusually hi gh or low occupancies. Although the proposed subject hotel may operate at occupancies above this stabilized level, we believe it equally possible for new November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 86 competition and temporary economic downturns to force the occupancy below this selected point of stability. One of the most important considerations in estimating the feasibility of a lodging facility is a supportable forecast of its attainable average rate (ADR), which is more formally defined as the average rate per occupied room; ADR can be calculated by dividing the total rooms revenue achieved during a specified period by the number of rooms sold during the same period. The projected ADR and the anticipated occupancy percentage are used to forecast rooms revenue, which in turn provides the basis for estimating most other income and expense categories. Although the ADR analysis presented here follows the occupancy projection, these two statistics are highly correlated; in reality, one cannot project occupancy without making specific assumptions regarding ADR. This relationship is best illustrated by revenue per available room (RevPAR), which reflects a property's ability to maximize rooms revenue. The following table summarizes the historical ADR and RevPAR levels of the proposed subject hotel’s future primary competitors. FIGURE 6-5 BASE-YEAR ADR AND REVPAR OF THE COMPETITORS Property Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove $95 - $100 97.9 %65 - 70 %110 - 120 %$60 - $65 110 - 120 % Wakota Inn & Suites 70 - 75 70.0 45 - 50 85 - 90 35 - 40 60 - 65 Average - Primary Competitors $91.39 91.3 %61.4 %111.3 %$56.08 101.7 % Average - Secondary Competitors 101.67 101.6 54.1 98.1 55.00 99.7 Overall Average $100.06 100.0 %55.1 %100.0 %$55.15 100.0 % . Subject As If Stabilized (In 2021 Dollars)$105.00 104.9 %58.0 %105.3 %$60.94 110.5 % Estimated 2021 Average Room Rate Average Room Rate Penetration Rooms Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR) RevPAR PenetrationOccupancy Occupancy Penetration We have selected the rate position of $105.00, in base-year dollars (2021), for the proposed subject hotel. We have positioned the proposed subject hotel's stabil ized ADR in the 2021 base year in consideration of its new facility, strong brand affiliation, and proximity to area demand generators. Average rates for this competitive market are anticipated to continue the strengthening trend that began in 2021, with a strong growth rate forecast for 2022 given the swift recovery from Average Rate Analysis Competitive Position November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 87 the particularly low ADRs in the first half of 2021, as indicated by the month -over- month comparisons in the first half of 2022. ADR growth is then anticipated to moderate downward in the following years. The projected recovery related to the market's ADR growth in our forecast is based upon Cottage Grove's popularity as a industrial business and sports team destination. The following table presents the ADR forecast for the market and the proposed subject hotel on a calendar-year basis, as well as the resulting ADR penetration level. The proposed subject hotel’s projected ADR (as if stabilized) is then fiscalized to correspond with the hotel’s anticipated date of opening for each forecast year. FIGURE 6-6 ADR FORECAST – MARKET AND PROPOSED SUBJECT PROPERTY Calendar Year 2019 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 Market ADR $112.33 $100.06 $110.07 $115.57 $119.04 $122.61 $126.28 $130.07 $133.98 $137.99 Projected Market ADR Growth Rate — 10.0%5.0%3.0%3.0%3.0%3.0%3.0%3.0% Proposed Subject Property ADR (As-If Stabilized)$105.00 $115.50 $121.28 $124.91 $128.66 $132.52 $136.50 $140.59 $144.81 ADR Growth Rate 10.0%5.0%3.0%3.0%3.0%3.0%3.0%3.0% Proposed Subject Stabilized ADR Penetration 105%105%105%105%105%105%105%105%105% Fiscal Year 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 2028/29 2029/30 Proposed Subject Property Average Rate $129.93 $133.83 $137.84 $141.98 $146.24 Opening Discount 5.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0% Average Rate After Discount $123.43 $133.83 $137.84 $141.98 $146.24 Real Average Rate Growth — 8.4%3.0%3.0%3.0% Market ADR $123.82 $127.53 $131.36 $135.30 $139.36 Proposed Subject ADR Penetration (After Discount)100%105%105%105%105% ADR Expressed in Base-Year Dollars Deflated @ Inflation Rate $104.50 $110.00 $110.00 $110.00 $110.00 Historical The proposed subject hotel’s ADR penetration level is forecast to reach 105% by the stabilized period, consistent with our stabilized ADR positioning. Based on our review of the proposed improvements and the anticipated profile of the hotel product and its operation, it is our opinion that the ADR penetration level should be achievable with appropriate management and marketing. The proposed hotel’s positioned stabilized ADR is projected to increase at the same rate as the overall market’s ADR, prior to consideration of any ADR discounting during the hotel’s ramp-up period. A discount of 5% has been applied to the stabilized room rate projected for the first year of operation, as would be expected for a new property of this type as it builds its reputation and becomes established in the market. Note that our forecast of income and expense, which follows later in this report, assumes the following underlying inflation rates. November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 88 FIGURE 6-7 INFLATION ASSUMPTIONS 2021 to 2022 6.0 % 2022 to 2023 4.0 2023 to 2024 3.0 2024 to 2025 3.0 2025 to 2026 3.0 Rate of Inflation AssumedTimeframe The following table sets forth our concluding forecast of the proposed subject hotel’s occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR, with corresponding penetration levels, for the first projection year through the stabilized year of operation. The competitive market’s historical and projected occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR levels are presented for comparison, with the projections fiscalized to correspond with the proposed subject hotel’s forecast, as appropriate. November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 89 FIGURE 6-8 COMPARISON OF HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED OCCUPANCY, ADR, AND REVPAR – PROPOSED SUBJECT PROPERTY AND MARKET 2019 2020 2021 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel Occupancy — — — 66.2 %69.2 %69.8 % Change in Points — — — — 3.1 0.5 Occupancy Penetration — — — 99.8 %104.5 %105.3 % Average Rate $105.00 $117.40 $122.47 $126.15 $123.43 $133.83 $137.84 Change — 4.3 %3.0 %(2.2)%8.4 %3.0 % Average Rate Penetration 104.9 %104.9 %104.9 %99.7 %104.9 %104.9 % RevPAR — — — $81.66 $92.67 $96.20 Change — — — — 13.5 %3.8 % RevPAR Penetration — — — 99.4 %109.6 %110.5 % 2019 2020 2021 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 Cottage Grove Submarket Occupancy 65.8 %37.7 %55.1 %65.5 %66.2 %66.8 %66.3 %66.3 %66.3 % Change in Points — (28.2)17.5 10.4 0.8 0.6 (0.5)(0.0)0.0 Average Rate $112.33 $90.80 $100.06 $111.87 $116.71 $120.21 $123.82 $127.53 $131.36 Change — (19.2)%10.2 %11.8 %4.3 %3.0 %3.0 %3.0 %3.0 % RevPAR $73.95 $34.19 $55.15 $73.25 $77.29 $80.36 $82.11 $84.53 $87.06 Change — (53.8)%61.3 %32.8 %5.5 %4.0 %2.2 %2.9 %3.0 % Historical Projected Projected November-2022 Projection of Occupancy and Average Rate Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 90 The following occupancies and average rates will be used to project the proposed subject hotel’s rooms revenue; this forecast reflects years beginning on May 1, 2025, which correspond with our financial projections. FIGURE 6-9 FORECASTS OF OCCUPANCY AND AVERAGE RATE Year 2025/26 66 %$129.93 5.0 %$123.43 2026/27 69 133.83 0.0 133.83 2027/28 70 137.84 0.0 137.84 Occupancy Average Rate Before Discount Discount Average Rate After Discount November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 91 7. Projection of Income and Expense In this chapter of our report, we have compiled a forecast of income and expense for the proposed subject hotel. This forecast is based on the facilities program set forth previously, as well as the occupancy and ADR forecast discussed previously. The forecast of income and expense is expressed in current dollars for each year. The stabilized year is intended to reflect the anticipated operating results of the property over its remaining economic life given any or all applicable stages of build- up, plateau, and decline in the life cycle of the hotel. Thus, income and expense estimates from the stabilized year forward exclude from consideration any abnormal relationship between supply and demand, as well as any nonrecurring conditions that may result in unusual revenues or expenses. The ten-year period reflects the typical holding period of large real estate assets such as hotels. In addition, the ten-year period provides for the stabilization of income streams and comparison of yields with alternate types of real estate. The forecasted income streams reflect the future benefits of owning specific rights in income-producing real estate. In order to project future income and expense for the proposed subject hotel, we have included a sample of individual comparable operating statements from our database of hotel statistics. All financial data are presented according to the three most common measures of industry performance: ratio to sales (RTS), amounts per available room (PAR), and amounts per occupied room night (POR). These historical income and expense statements will be used as benchmarks in our forthcoming forecast of income and expense. The proposed subject hotel’s stabilized statement of income and expense, deflated to 2021 dollars, is also presented. Comparable Operating Statements November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 92 FIGURE 7-1 COMPARABLE OPERATING STATEMENTS: RATIO TO SALES Comp 1 Comp 2 Comp 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Subject Number of Rooms: 60 to 80 80 to 110 80 to 110 70 to 100 80 to 110 90 Days Open: 365 365 365 365 365 365 Occupancy: 67%72%70%69%72%70% Average Rate: $112 $112 $106 $108 $113 $110 RevPAR:$75 $81 $74 $74 $81 $77 REVENUE Rooms 98.0 %98.6 %95.6 %98.8 %97.3 %98.3 % Other Operated Departments 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.7 2.3 1.3 Miscellaneous Income 0.4 0.0 3.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES* Rooms 25.1 22.1 23.8 29.5 25.1 24.5 Other Operated Departments 21.9 40.3 52.6 58.3 23.5 50.0 Total 25.0 22.3 23.5 29.5 25.0 24.8 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 75.0 77.7 76.5 70.5 75.0 75.2 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 8.2 7.3 10.2 5.6 9.3 8.7 Info. and Telecom. Systems 0.8 1.3 2.5 1.0 2.0 1.4 Marketing 5.4 6.0 7.4 1.3 2.5 4.4 Franchise Fee 10.3 8.9 4.9 8.4 9.2 8.4 Property Operations & Maintenance 3.3 3.4 5.1 7.2 6.7 4.5 Utilities 3.5 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.1 4.4 Total 31.4 31.1 34.2 28.0 32.8 31.8 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 43.6 46.6 42.3 42.5 42.2 43.5 Management Fee 4.5 4.0 3.0 0.0 5.0 3.0 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPER. INC. & EXP.39.1 42.6 39.3 42.5 37.3 40.5 * Departmental expense ratios are expressed as a percentage of departmental revenues Def. Stab $ November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 93 FIGURE 7-2 COMPARABLE OPERATING STATEMENTS: AMOUNTS PER AVAILABLE ROOM Comp 1 Comp 2 Comp 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Subject Number of Rooms: 60 to 80 80 to 110 80 to 110 70 to 100 80 to 110 90 Days Open: 365 365 365 365 365 365 Occupancy: 67%72%70%69%72%70% Average Rate: $112 $112 $106 $108 $113 $110 RevPAR:$75 $81 $74 $74 $81 $77 REVENUE Rooms $27,484 $29,481 $27,031 $27,112 $29,409 $28,106 Other Operated Departments 449 408 378 200 709 383 Miscellaneous Income 99 3 860 120 100 102 Total 28,032 29,893 28,269 27,433 30,218 28,592 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES Rooms 6,907 6,512 6,437 7,989 7,378 6,886 Other Operated Departments 98 164 199 116 166 192 Total 7,006 6,676 6,636 8,105 7,545 7,078 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 21,026 23,217 21,632 19,328 22,673 21,514 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 2,294 2,185 2,897 1,549 2,815 2,500 Info. and Telecom. Systems 211 398 711 285 590 400 Marketing 1,511 1,800 2,100 360 770 1,250 Franchise Fee 2,886 2,657 1,383 2,293 2,768 2,389 Property Operations & Maintenance 914 1,008 1,428 1,985 2,019 1,300 Utilities 991 1,235 1,157 1,204 943 1,250 Total 8,807 9,284 9,676 7,675 9,904 9,089 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 12,219 13,933 11,956 11,653 12,769 12,425 Management Fee 1,262 1,195 848 0 1,511 858 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPER. INC. & EXP.10,957 12,738 11,108 11,653 11,259 11,567 Def. Stab $ November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 94 FIGURE 7-3 COMPARABLE OPERATING STATEMENTS: AMOUNTS PER OCCUPIED ROOM Comp 1 Comp 2 Comp 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 Subject Number of Rooms: 60 to 80 80 to 110 80 to 110 70 to 100 80 to 110 90 Days Open: 365 365 365 365 365 365 Occupancy: 67%72%70%69%72%70% Average Rate: $112 $112 $106 $108 $113 $110 RevPAR:$75 $81 $74 $74 $81 $77 REVENUE Rooms $111.89 $111.66 $106.19 $108.37 $112.50 $110.01 Other Operated Departments 1.83 1.55 1.49 0.80 2.71 1.50 Miscellaneous Income 0.40 0.01 3.38 0.48 0.38 0.40 Total 114.12 113.22 111.05 109.65 115.60 111.91 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES Rooms 28.12 24.66 25.29 31.93 28.23 26.95 Other Operated Departments 0.40 0.62 0.78 0.46 0.64 0.75 Total 28.52 25.29 26.07 32.39 28.86 27.70 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 85.60 87.93 84.98 77.25 86.74 84.20 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 9.34 8.27 11.38 6.19 10.77 9.78 Info. and Telecom. Systems 0.86 1.51 2.79 1.14 2.26 1.57 Marketing 6.15 6.82 8.25 1.44 2.95 4.89 Franchise Fee 11.75 10.06 5.43 9.16 10.59 9.35 Property Operations & Maintenance 3.72 3.82 5.61 7.93 7.72 5.09 Utilities 4.04 4.68 4.54 4.81 3.61 4.89 Total 35.85 35.16 38.01 30.68 37.89 35.58 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 49.74 52.77 46.97 46.57 48.85 48.63 Management Fee 5.14 4.53 3.33 0.00 5.78 3.36 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPER. INC. & EXP.44.61 48.25 43.64 46.57 43.07 45.27 Def. Stab $ The departmental income of the comparable properties ranged from 70.5% to 77.7% of total revenue. The comparable properties achieved a gross operating profit ranging from 42.2% to 46.6% of total revenue. We will refer to the comparable operating data in our discussion of each line item, which follows later in this section of the report. HVS uses a fixed and variable component model to project a lodging facility's revenue and expense levels. This model is based on the premise that hotel revenues and expenses have one component that is fixed and another that varies directly with occupancy and facility usage. A projection can be made by taking a known level of revenue or expense and calculating its fixed and variable components. The fixed Fixed and Variable Component Analysis November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 95 component is then increased in tandem with the underlying rate of inflation, while the variable component is adjusted for a specific measure of volume such as total revenue. The actual forecast is derived by adjusting each year’s revenue and expense by the amount fixed (the fixed expense multiplied by the inflated base-year amount) plus the variable amount (the variable expense multiplied by the inflated base-year amount) multiplied by the ratio of the projection year’s occupancy to the base-year occupancy (in the case of departmental revenue and expense) or the ratio of the projection year’s revenue to the base year’s revenue (in the case of undistributed operating expenses). Fixed expenses remain fixed, increasing only with inflation. Our discussion of the revenue and expense forecast in this report is based upon the output derived from the fixed and variable model. This forecast of revenue and expense is accomplished through a systematic approach, following the format of the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI). Each category of revenue and expense is estimated separately and combined at the end in the final statement of income and expense. November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 96 In consideration of the trends in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), inflation factors that directly influence lodging properties, projections set forth by economists surveyed, and the Federal Reserve’s target inflation rate, we have applied the underlying inflation rates as reflected in the following table. FIGURE 7-4 INFLATION ASSUMPTIONS 2021 to 2022 6.0 % 2022 to 2023 4.0 2023 to 2024 3.0 2024 to 2025 3.0 2025 to 2026 3.0 Rate of Inflation AssumedTimeframe Beyond the illustrated year, we have applied a 3.0% annual rate of growth to income and expenses to reflect the longer-term expectation of asset appreciation by typical investors. This position is based on interviews with numerous market participants indicating a distinction in the expectations of near-term cost inflation (i.e., related to labor and supplies) versus long-term income growth that drives appreciation. Any exceptions to the application of the assumed underlying inflation and EBITDA Less Replacement Reserve growth rates are discussed in our write-up of individual income and expense items. Based on an analysis that will be detailed throughout this section, we have formulated a forecast of income and expense. The following table presents a detailed forecast through the fifth projection year, including amounts per available room and per occupied room. The second table illustrates our ten-year forecast of income and expense, presented with a lesser degree of detail. The forecasts pertain to years that begin on May 1, 2025, expressed in inflated dollars for each year. Inflation and Appreciation Assumptions Forecast of Revenue and Expense November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 97 FIGURE 7-5 DETAILED FORECAST OF INCOME AND EXPENSE 2025/26 Begins May 2026/27 Stabilized 2028/29 2029/30 Number of Rooms:90 90 90 90 90 Occupancy:66%69%70%70%70% Average Rate:$123.43 $133.83 $137.84 $141.98 $146.24 RevPAR:$81.47 $92.34 $96.49 $99.38 $102.37 Days Open:365 365 365 365 365 Occupied Rooms:21,681 %Gross PAR POR 22,667 %Gross PAR POR 22,995 %Gross PAR POR 22,995 %Gross PAR POR 22,995 %Gross PAR POR OPERATING REVENUE Rooms $2,676 98.2 %$29,733 $123.43 $3,033 98.3 %$33,700 $133.81 $3,170 98.3 %$35,222 $137.86 $3,265 98.3 %$36,278 $141.99 $3,363 98.3 %$37,367 $146.25 Other Operated Departments 38 1.4 423 1.75 42 1.4 464 1.84 43 1.3 480 1.88 45 1.3 495 1.94 46 1.3 509 1.99 Miscellaneous Income 11 0.4 119 0.49 11 0.4 124 0.49 12 0.4 128 0.50 12 0.4 132 0.52 12 0.4 136 0.53 Total Operating Revenues 2,725 100.0 30,275 125.67 3,086 100.0 34,288 136.14 3,225 100.0 35,831 140.24 3,321 100.0 36,904 144.44 3,421 100.0 38,012 148.77 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES * Rooms 715 26.7 7,947 32.99 750 24.7 8,329 33.07 777 24.5 8,629 33.77 800 24.5 8,887 34.78 824 24.5 9,154 35.83 Other Operated Departments 20 52.5 222 0.92 21 50.2 233 0.92 22 50.0 240 0.94 22 50.0 247 0.97 23 50.0 255 1.00 Total Expenses 735 27.0 8,169 33.91 771 25.0 8,562 34.00 798 24.8 8,869 34.71 822 24.8 9,135 35.75 847 24.8 9,409 36.83 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 1,989 73.0 22,105 91.76 2,315 75.0 25,726 102.15 2,427 75.2 26,962 105.53 2,499 75.2 27,770 108.69 2,574 75.2 28,603 111.95 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 259 9.5 2,876 11.94 273 8.8 3,031 12.03 282 8.7 3,133 12.26 290 8.7 3,227 12.63 299 8.7 3,323 13.01 Info & Telecom Systems 41 1.5 460 1.91 44 1.4 485 1.93 45 1.4 501 1.96 46 1.4 516 2.02 48 1.4 532 2.08 Marketing 142 5.2 1,582 6.57 136 4.4 1,515 6.02 141 4.4 1,566 6.13 145 4.4 1,613 6.31 150 4.4 1,662 6.50 Franchise Fee 227 8.3 2,527 10.49 258 8.4 2,865 11.37 269 8.4 2,994 11.72 278 8.4 3,084 12.07 286 8.4 3,176 12.43 Prop. Operations & Maint.128 4.7 1,421 5.90 142 4.6 1,576 6.26 147 4.5 1,629 6.38 151 4.5 1,678 6.57 156 4.5 1,728 6.76 Utilities 129 4.8 1,438 5.97 136 4.4 1,515 6.02 141 4.4 1,566 6.13 145 4.4 1,613 6.31 150 4.4 1,662 6.50 Total Expenses 927 34.0 10,305 42.78 989 32.0 10,986 43.62 1,025 31.8 11,390 44.58 1,056 31.8 11,731 45.91 1,087 31.8 12,083 47.29 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 1,062 39.0 11,800 48.98 1,327 43.0 14,739 58.52 1,402 43.4 15,572 60.95 1,443 43.4 16,039 62.77 1,487 43.4 16,520 64.66 Management Fee 82 3.0 908 3.77 93 3.0 1,029 4.08 97 3.0 1,075 4.21 100 3.0 1,107 4.33 103 3.0 1,140 4.46 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPR. INC. & EXP.980 36.0 10,892 45.21 1,234 40.0 13,711 54.44 1,305 40.4 14,497 56.74 1,344 40.4 14,931 58.44 1,384 40.4 15,380 60.19 NON-OPERATING INCOME & EXPENSE Property Taxes 121 4.4 1,344 5.58 249 8.1 2,769 10.99 257 8.0 2,852 11.16 264 8.0 2,937 11.50 272 8.0 3,025 11.84 Insurance 43 1.6 472 1.96 44 1.4 487 1.93 45 1.4 501 1.96 46 1.4 516 2.02 48 1.4 532 2.08 Total Expenses 163 6.0 1,816 7.54 293 9.5 3,255 12.93 302 9.4 3,353 13.12 311 9.4 3,453 13.52 320 9.4 3,557 13.92 EBITDA 817 30.0 9,076 37.67 941 30.5 10,456 41.52 1,003 31.0 11,145 43.62 1,033 31.0 11,478 44.92 1,064 31.0 11,823 46.27 Reserve for Replacement 54 2.0 605 2.51 93 3.0 1,029 4.08 129 4.0 1,433 5.61 133 4.0 1,476 5.78 137 4.0 1,520 5.95 EBITDA LESS RESERVE $762 28.0 %$8,470 $35.16 $848 27.5 %$9,427 $37.43 $874 27.0 %$9,711 $38.01 $900 27.0 %$10,002 $39.15 $927 27.0 %$10,302 $40.32 *Departmental expenses are expressed as a percentage of departmental revenues. November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 98 FIGURE 7-6 TEN-YEAR FORECAST OF INCOME AND EXPENSE 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 2028/29 2029/30 2030/31 2031/32 2032/33 2033/34 2034/35 Number of Rooms:90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 Occupied Rooms:21,681 22,667 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 22,995 Occupancy:66%69%70%70%70%70%70%70%70%70% Average Rate:$123.43 % of $133.83 % of $137.84 % of $141.98 % of $146.24 % of $150.62 % of $155.14 % of $159.80 % of $164.59 % of $169.53 RevPAR:$81.47 Gross $92.34 Gross $96.49 Gross $99.38 Gross $102.37 Gross $105.44 Gross $108.60 Gross $111.86 Gross $115.21 Gross $118.67 OPERATING REVENUE Rooms $2,676 98.2 %$3,033 98.3 %$3,170 98.3 %$3,265 98.3 %$3,363 98.3 %$3,464 98.3 %$3,568 98.3 %$3,675 98.3 %$3,785 98.3 %$3,898 98.3 % Other Operated Departments 38 1.4 42 1.4 43 1.3 45 1.3 46 1.3 47 1.3 49 1.3 50 1.3 52 1.3 53 1.3 Miscellaneous Income 11 0.4 11 0.4 12 0.4 12 0.4 12 0.4 13 0.4 13 0.4 13 0.4 14 0.4 14 0.4 Total Operating Revenues 2,725 100.0 3,086 100.0 3,225 100.0 3,321 100.0 3,421 100.0 3,524 100.0 3,630 100.0 3,738 100.0 3,850 100.0 3,965 100.0 DEPARTMENTAL EXPENSES * Rooms 715 26.7 750 24.7 777 24.5 800 24.5 824 24.5 849 24.5 874 24.5 900 24.5 927 24.5 955 24.5 Other Operated Departments 20 52.5 21 50.2 22 50.0 22 50.0 23 50.0 24 50.0 24 50.0 25 50.0 26 50.0 27 50.0 Total Expenses 735 27.0 771 25.0 798 24.8 822 24.8 847 24.8 872 24.8 898 24.8 925 24.8 953 24.8 982 24.8 DEPARTMENTAL INCOME 1,989 73.0 2,315 75.0 2,427 75.2 2,499 75.2 2,574 75.2 2,652 75.2 2,731 75.2 2,813 75.2 2,897 75.2 2,984 75.2 UNDISTRIBUTED OPERATING EXPENSES Administrative & General 259 9.5 273 8.8 282 8.7 290 8.7 299 8.7 308 8.7 317 8.7 327 8.7 337 8.7 347 8.7 Info & Telecom Systems 41 1.5 44 1.4 45 1.4 46 1.4 48 1.4 49 1.4 51 1.4 52 1.4 54 1.4 55 1.4 Marketing 142 5.2 136 4.4 141 4.4 145 4.4 150 4.4 154 4.4 159 4.4 163 4.4 168 4.4 173 4.4 Franchise Fee 227 8.3 258 8.4 269 8.4 278 8.4 286 8.4 294 8.4 303 8.4 312 8.4 322 8.4 331 8.4 Prop. Operations & Maint.128 4.7 142 4.6 147 4.5 151 4.5 156 4.5 160 4.5 165 4.5 170 4.5 175 4.5 180 4.5 Utilities 129 4.8 136 4.4 141 4.4 145 4.4 150 4.4 154 4.4 159 4.4 163 4.4 168 4.4 173 4.4 Total Expenses 927 34.0 989 32.0 1,025 31.8 1,056 31.8 1,087 31.8 1,120 31.8 1,154 31.8 1,188 31.8 1,224 31.8 1,261 31.8 GROSS OPERATING PROFIT 1,062 39.0 1,327 43.0 1,402 43.4 1,443 43.4 1,487 43.4 1,532 43.4 1,578 43.4 1,625 43.4 1,673 43.4 1,723 43.4 Management Fee 82 3.0 93 3.0 97 3.0 100 3.0 103 3.0 106 3.0 109 3.0 112 3.0 116 3.0 119 3.0 INCOME BEFORE NON-OPR. INC. & EXP.980 36.0 1,234 40.0 1,305 40.4 1,344 40.4 1,384 40.4 1,426 40.4 1,469 40.4 1,513 40.4 1,558 40.4 1,604 40.4 NON-OPERATING INCOME & EXPENSE Property Taxes 121 4.4 249 8.1 257 8.0 264 8.0 272 8.0 280 8.0 289 8.0 298 8.0 306 8.0 316 8.0 Insurance 43 1.6 44 1.4 45 1.4 46 1.4 48 1.4 49 1.4 51 1.4 52 1.4 54 1.4 55 1.4 Total Expenses 163 6.0 293 9.5 302 9.4 311 9.4 320 9.4 330 9.4 340 9.4 350 9.4 360 9.4 371 9.4 EBITDA 817 30.0 941 30.5 1,003 31.0 1,033 31.0 1,064 31.0 1,096 31.0 1,129 31.0 1,163 31.0 1,198 31.0 1,233 31.0 Reserve for Replacement 54 2.0 93 3.0 129 4.0 133 4.0 137 4.0 141 4.0 145 4.0 150 4.0 154 4.0 159 4.0 EBITDA LESS RESERVE $762 28.0 %$848 27.5 %$874 27.0 %$900 27.0 %$927 27.0 %$955 27.0 %$984 27.0 %$1,013 27.0 %$1,044 27.0 %$1,074 27.0 % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % of Gross November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 99 The following description sets forth the basis for the forecast of income and expense. We anticipate that it will take three years for the proposed subject hotel to reach a stabilized level of operation. Each revenue and expense item has been forecast based upon our review of the proposed subject hotel's operating budget and comparable income and expense statements. The forecast is based upon fiscal years beginning May 1, 2025, expressed in inflated dollars for each year. Revenues associated with the proposed subject hotel's other operated department and miscellaneous income category have been forecast to reflect the hotel's planned facilities and amenities, including the market pantry and guest laundry room. Expense levels fall within a range of reasonableness given the provided comparable operating statements; furthermore, management fees are set forth in accordance with our assumptions provided earlier in our report. In addition, we have reviewed the franchise fees associated with a variety of midscale and upper-midscale brands and have utilized average royalty and marketing assessment fees for the purpose of our projections. Rooms revenue is determined by two variables: occupancy and average rate (ADR). We projected occupancy and ADR in a previous section of this report. The proposed subject hotel is expected to stabilize at an occupancy level of 70% with an ADR of $137.84 in 2027/28. Following the stabilized year, the proposed subject hotel’s ADR is projected to increase along with the underlying rate of growth assigned to EBITDA Less Replacement Reserve. According to the USALI, other operated departments include any major or minor operated department other than rooms, including market pantry sales, phone charges, and meeting room rental. FIGURE 7-7 OTHER OPERATED DEPARTMENTS REVENUE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 1.6 %1.4 %1.3 %0.7 %2.3 %1.4 %1.3 % Per Available Room $449 $408 $378 $200 $709 $423 $383 Per Occupied Room $1.83 $1.55 $1.49 $0.80 $2.71 $1.75 $1.50 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized The miscellaneous income sources comprise those other than guestrooms, F&B, and the other operated departments. Changes in this revenue item through the projection period result from the application of the underlying inflation rate and projected changes in occupancy. Rooms Revenue Other Operated Departments Revenue Miscellaneous Income November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 100 FIGURE 7-8 MISCELLANEOUS INCOME #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 0.4 %0.0 %3.0 %0.4 %0.3 %0.4 %0.4 % Per Available Room $99 $3 $860 $120 $100 $119 $102 Per Occupied Room $0.40 $0.01 $3.38 $0.48 $0.38 $0.49 $0.40 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized Rooms expense consists of items related to the sale and upkeep of gues trooms and public space. Salaries, wages, and employee benefits account for a substantial portion of this category. Although payroll varies somewhat with occupancy, and managers can generally scale the level of service staff on hand to meet an expected occupancy level, much of a hotel's payroll is fixed. A base level of front desk personnel, housekeepers, and supervisors must be maintained at all times. As a result, salaries, wages, and employee benefits are only moderately sensitive to changes in occupancy. Commissions and reservations are usually based on room sales and, thus, are highly sensitive to changes in occupancy and ADR. While guest supplies vary 100% with occupancy, linens and other operating expenses are only slightly affected by volume. FIGURE 7-9 ROOMS EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 25.1 %22.1 %23.8 %29.5 %25.1 %26.7 %24.5 % Per Available Room $6,907 $6,512 $6,437 $7,989 $7,378 $7,947 $6,886 Per Occupied Room $28.12 $24.66 $25.29 $31.93 $28.23 $32.99 $26.95 Deflated Stabilized Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Other operated departments expense includes all expenses reflected in the summary statements for the divisions associated in these categories, as discussed previously in this chapter. Rooms Expense Other Operated Departments Expense November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 101 FIGURE 7-10 OTHER OPERATED DEPARTMENTS EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 21.9 %40.3 %52.6 %58.3 %23.5 %52.5 %50.0 % Per Available Room $98 $164 $199 $116 $166 $222 $192 Per Occupied Room $0.40 $0.62 $0.78 $0.46 $0.64 $0.92 $0.75 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized Administrative and general expense includes the salaries and wages of all administrative personnel who are not directly associated with a particular department. Expense items related to the management and operation of the property are also allocated to this category. Most administrative and general expenses are relatively fixed. The exceptions are cash overages and shortages; commissions on credit card charges; provision for doubtful accounts, which are moderately affected by the number of transactions or total revenue; and salaries, wages, and benefits, which are very slightly influenced by volume. FIGURE 7-11 ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 8.2 %7.3 %10.2 %5.6 %9.3 %9.5 %8.7 % Per Available Room $2,294 $2,185 $2,897 $1,549 $2,815 $2,876 $2,500 Per Occupied Room $9.34 $8.27 $11.38 $6.19 $10.77 $11.94 $9.78 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized Information and telecommunications systems expense consists of all costs associated with a hotel’s technology infrastructure. This includes the costs of cell phones, administrative call and Internet services, and complimentary call and Internet services. Expenses in this category are typically organized by type of technology or the area benefiting from the technology solution. Marketing expense consists of all costs associated with advertising, sales, and promotion; these activities are intended to attract and retain customers. Marketing can be used to create an image, develop customer awareness, and stimulate patronage of a property's various facilities. The marketing category is unique in that all expense items, with the exception of fees and commissions, are totally controlled by management. Most hotel operators Administrative and General Expense Information and Telecommunications Systems Expense Marketing Expense November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 102 establish an annual marketing budget that sets forth all planned expenditures. If the budget is followed, total marketing expenses can be projected accurately. Marketing expenditures are unusual because, although there is a lag period before results are realized, the benefits are often extended over a long period. Depending on the type and scope of the advertising and promotion program implemented, the lag time can be as short as a few weeks or as long as several years. However, the favorable results of an effective marketing campaign tend to linger, and a property often enjoys the benefits of concentrated sales efforts for many months. FIGURE 7-12 MARKETING EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 5.4 %6.0 %7.4 %1.3 %2.5 %5.2 %4.4 % Per Available Room $1,511 $1,800 $2,100 $360 $770 $1,582 $1,250 Per Occupied Room $6.15 $6.82 $8.25 $1.44 $2.95 $6.57 $4.89 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized We recommend that the proposed subject property operate as a midscale or upper- midscale limited-service hotel. For the purpose of this report, we have assumed that the property would be affiliated with a nationally recognized hotel brand, such as a Fairfield by Marriott, Hampton by Hilton, Holiday Inn Express, or another comparable limited-service brand. However, a specific franchise affiliation was not finalized at the time of this study. While a specific franchise has not been selected, we have reviewed the royalty and marketing assessments of the referenced brands and utilized an average level for the purpose of this analysis. Marketing expense and franchise fees are often analyzed in total because hotels may account for some components of franchise expense in the marketing expense category. The subject property’s total marketing and franchise expense has been forecast at 12.8% of total revenue on a stabilized basis; the comparable operating statements show a range from 9.7% to 15.7% of total revenue. Property operations and maintenance expense is another expense category that is largely controlled by management. Except for repairs that are necessary to keep the facility open and prevent damage (e.g., plumbing, heating, and electrical items), most maintenance can be deferred for varying lengths of time. Maintenance is an accumulating expense. If management elects to postpone performing a required repair, the expenditure has not been eliminated, only deferred until a later date. A lodging facility that operates with a lower-than-normal Franchise Fee Property Operations and Maintenance November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 103 maintenance budget is likely to accumulate a considerable amount of deferred maintenance. The age of a lodging facility has a strong influence on the required level of maintenance. A new or thoroughly renovated property is protected for several years by modern equipment and manufacturers' warranties. However, as a hostelry grows older, maintenance expenses escalate. A well-organized preventive maintenance system often helps delay deterioration, but most facilities face higher property operations and maintenance costs each year, regardless of the occupancy trend. The quality of initial construction can also have a direct impact on future maintenance requirements. The use of high-quality building materials and construction methods generally reduces the need for maintenance expenditures over the long term. Changes in this expense item through the projection period result from the application of the underlying inflation rate and projected changes in occupancy. FIGURE 7-13 PROPERTY OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 3.3 %3.4 %5.1 %7.2 %6.7 %4.7 %4.5 % Per Available Room $914 $1,008 $1,428 $1,985 $2,019 $1,421 $1,300 Per Occupied Room $3.72 $3.82 $5.61 $7.93 $7.72 $5.90 $5.09 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized The utilities consumption of a lodging facility takes several forms, including water and space heating, air conditioning, lighting, cooking fuel, and other miscellaneous power requirements. The most common sources of hotel utilities are electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and steam. This category also includes the cost of water service. Total energy cost depends on the source and quantity of fuel used. Electricity tends to be the most expensive source, followed by oil and gas. Although all hotels consume a sizable amount of electricity, many properties supplement their utility requirements with less expensive sources, such as gas and oil, for heating and cooking. The changes in this utilities line item through the projection period are a result of the application of the underlying inflation rate and projected changes in occupancy. Utilities Expense November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 104 FIGURE 7-14 UTILITIES EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 3.5 %4.1 %4.1 %4.4 %3.1 %4.8 %4.4 % Per Available Room $991 $1,235 $1,157 $1,204 $943 $1,438 $1,250 Per Occupied Room $4.04 $4.68 $4.54 $4.81 $3.61 $5.97 $4.89 Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Deflated Stabilized Management expense consists of the fees paid to the managing agent contracted to operate the property. Some companies provide management services and a brand- name affiliation (first-tier management company), while others provide management services alone (second-tier management company). Some management contracts specify only a base fee (usually a percentage of total revenue), while others call for both a base fee and an incentive fee (usually a percentage of defined profit). Basic hotel management fees are often based on a percentage of total revenue, which means they have no fixed component. While base fees typically range from 2.0% to 4.0% of total revenue, incentive fees are deal specific and often are calculated as a percentage of income available after debt service and, in some cases, after a preferred return on equity. Total management fees for the proposed subject hotel have been forecast at 3.0% of total revenue. Property (or ad valorem) tax is one of the primary revenue sources of municipalities. Based on the concept that the tax burden should be distributed in proportion to the value of all properties within a taxing jurisdiction, a system of assessments is established. Theoretically, the assessed value placed on each parcel bears a definite relationship to market value, so properties with equal market values will have similar assessments and properties with higher and lower values will have proportionately larger and smaller assessments. Depending on the taxing policy of the municipality, property taxes can be based on the value of the real property or the value of the personal property and the real property. We have based our estimate of the proposed subject property's market value (for tax purposes) on an analysis of assessments of comparable hotel properties in the local municipality. Management Fee Property Taxes November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 105 FIGURE 7-15 COUNTY-ASSESSED VALUE OF COMPARABLE HOTELS Hotel Year Open Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove 2002 $1,054,800 $1,948,700 $3,003,500 Wakota Inn & Suites 1990 376,300 424,700 801,000 Sheraton Saint Paul Woodbury 2008 2,102,100 11,097,900 13,200,000 Courtyard by Marriott Saint Paul Woodbury 2018 2,798,100 8,289,900 11,088,000 Hampton by Hilton Minneapolis Saint Paul Woodbury 1996 462,000 3,469,800 3,931,800 Hilton Garden Inn Saint Paul Oakdale 2005 1,624,200 6,820,500 8,444,700 Hampton by Hilton Saint Paul Oakdale Woodbury 2017 1,268,900 6,381,200 7,650,100 Holiday Inn Express & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury 1997 977,100 6,165,700 7,142,800 Assessments per Room Country Inn & Suites By Carlson Cottage Grove 76 $13,879 $25,641 $39,520 Wakota Inn & Suites 31 12,139 13,700 25,839 Sheraton Saint Paul Woodbury 150 14,014 73,986 88,000 Courtyard by Marriott Saint Paul Woodbury 120 23,318 69,083 92,400 Hampton by Hilton Minneapolis Saint Paul Woodbury 63 7,333 55,076 62,410 Hilton Garden Inn Saint Paul Oakdale 116 14,002 58,797 72,799 Hampton by Hilton Saint Paul Oakdale Woodbury 100 12,689 63,812 76,501 Holiday Inn Express & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury 100 9,771 61,657 71,428 Positioned Subject - Per Room 90 $14,000 $64,000 $78,000 Positioned Subject - Total $1,260,000 $5,760,000 $7,020,000 Source: Washington County Assessor Improvements TotalLand # of Rms We have positioned the future assessment levels of the subject site and proposed improvements based upon the illustrated comparable data. We have positioned the land assessment closest to the Country Inn & Suites and the improvements assessment closest to the Hampton by Hilton properties, the Courtyard by Marriott, and the Holiday Inn Express in Woodbury because of the similarities in quality level and amenities; overall, the positioned assessments are well supported by the market data. Tax rates are based on the city and county budgets, which change annually. The most recent tax rate in this jurisdiction was reported at 33.13530. The following table shows changes in the tax rate during the last several years. November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 106 FIGURE 7-16 COUNTY TAX RATES (BASED ON COUNTRY INN & SUITES) Real Property Year 2021 33.35505 2022 33.13530 Source: Washingon County Millage Rate Based on comparable assessments and the tax rate information, the following table illustrates the proposed subject property's projected property tax expense levels. FIGURE 7-17 PROJECTED PROPERTY TAX BURDEN (BASE YEAR) Land Positioned (Assessed Value)$1,260,000 $5,760,000 $7,020,000 Equalization Rate 1.00000 Millage Rate 33.13530 Tax Burden as of Current Assessment Year $232,610 Real Property Improvements Total FIGURE 7-18 PROJECTED PROPERTY TAX EXPENSE – REAL PROPERTY Taxes Year Payable Positioned $232,610 — $232,610 2025/26 $232,610 4.0 %50 %$120,957 2026/27 241,914 3.0 100 $249,172 2027/28 249,172 3.0 100 $256,647 2028/29 256,647 3.0 100 $264,346 2029/30 264,346 3.0 100 $272,277 2030/31 272,277 3.0 100 $280,445 2031/32 280,445 3.0 100 $288,858 Real Property Real Tax Burden (Positioned Prior to Base Rate of Tax % of Positioned Tax BurdenBurden Increase November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 107 The insurance expense category consists of the cost of insuring the hotel and its contents against damage or destruction by fire, weather, sprinkler leakage, boiler explosion, plate glass breakage, and so forth. General insurance costs also include premiums relating to liability, fidelity, and theft coverage. Insurance rates are based on many factors, including building design and construction, fire detection and extinguishing equipment, fire district, distance from the firehouse, and the area's fire experience. Insurance expen ses do not vary with occupancy. FIGURE 7-19 INSURANCE EXPENSE #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 2025/26 Percentage of Revenue 1.3 %1.2 %1.0 %1.9 %1.0 %1.6 %1.4 % Per Available Room $375 $359 $269 $519 $315 $472 $400 Per Occupied Room $1.53 $1.36 $1.06 $2.07 $1.20 $1.96 $1.57 Deflated Stabilized Comparable Operating Statements Proposed Subject Property Forecast Furniture, fixtures, and equipment (FF&E) are essential to the operation of a lodging facility, and their quality often influences a property's class. This category includes all non-real estate items that are capitalized, rather than expensed. The FF&E of a hotel are exposed to heavy use and must be replaced at regular intervals. The useful life of these items is determined by their quality, durability, and the amount of guest traffic and use. Periodic replacement of FF&E is essential to maintain the quality, image, and income-producing potential of a lodging facility. Because capitalized expenditures are not included in the operating statement but affect an owner's cash flow, a forecast of income and expense should reflect these expenses in the form of an appropriate reserve for replacement. The International Society of Hospitality Consultants (ISHC) oversees a major industry-sponsored study of the capital expenditure requirements for full- service/luxury, select-service, and extended-stay hotels. The most recent study was published in 2014.6 Historical capital expenditures of well-maintained hotels were investigated through the compilation of data provided by most of the major hotel companies in the United States. A prospective analysis of future capital expenditure 6 The International Society of Hotel Consultants, CapEx 2014, A Study of Capital Expenditure in the U.S. Hotel Industry. Insurance Expense Reserve for Replacement November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 108 requirements was also performed based upon the cost to replace short- and long- lived building components over a hotel's economic life. The study showed that the capital expenditure requirements for hotels vary significantly from year to year and depend upon both the actual and effective ages of a property. The results of this study showed that hotel lenders and investors are requiring reserves for replacement ranging from 4.0% to 5.0% of total revenue. Based upon the results of our analysis, our review of the proposed subject asset, and current industry norms, a reserve for replacement equal to 4.0% of total revenues has been factored into our forecast of revenue and expense for funding the periodic replacement of the proposed subject property's FF&E. This amount has been ramped up during the initial projection period. Projected total revenue, gross operating profit, and EBITDA Less Replacement Reserve are set forth in the following table. FIGURE 7-20 FORECAST OF REVENUE AND EXPENSE CONCLUSION Year Total % Change Total % Change Total % Change Projected 2025/26 $2,725,000 — $1,062,000 — 39.0 %$762,000 — 28.0 % 2026/27 3,086,000 13.2 %1,327,000 25.0 %43.0 848,000 11.3 %27.5 2027/28 3,225,000 4.5 1,402,000 5.7 43.4 874,000 3.1 27.0 2028/29 3,321,000 3.0 1,443,000 2.9 43.4 900,000 3.0 27.0 2029/30 3,421,000 3.0 1,487,000 3.0 43.4 927,000 3.0 27.0 Total Revenue Gross Operating Profit House Profit Ratio EBITDA Less Replacement Reserve As a % of Ttl Rev In conclusion, our analysis reflects a profitable operation, with EBITDA less replacement reserve expected to total 31.0% of total revenue by the stabilized year. The stabilized total revenue comprises primarily rooms, with a secondary portion derived from other income sources. On the cost side, departmental expenses total 24.8% of revenue by the stabilized year, while undistributed operating expenses total 31.8% of total revenues; this assumes that the property will be operated competently by a well-known hotel operator. After a 3.0% of total revenues management fee, 9.4% of total revenues in fixed expenses, and a 4.0% reserve for replacement, an EBITDA less replacement reserves (net income) ratio of 27.0% is forecast by the stabilized year. The return on investment (ROI) can be defined as the future benefits of an income- producing property relative to its acquisition or construction cost. The first step in performing an ROI analysis would be to determine the amount to be initially Forecast of Revenue and Expense Conclusion November-2022 Projection of Income and Expense Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 109 invested, and for a proposed property, this amount is most likely to be the development cost of the hotel. Based on the total development cost, the investor would utilize an ROI analysis to determine if the future cash flow from a current cash outlay meets their own investment criteria and at what level above or below this amount such an outlay exceeds or fails to meet these criteria. November-2022 Statement of Assumptions and Limiting Conditions Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 110 8. Statement of Assumptions and Limiting Conditions 1. This report is set forth as a market study of the proposed subject hotel; this is not an appraisal report. 2. This report is to be used in whole and not in part. 3. No responsibility is assumed for matters of a legal nature, nor do we render any opinion as to title, which is assumed marketable and free of any deed restrictions and easements. The property is evaluated as though free and clear unless otherwise stated. 4. We assume that there are no hidden or unapparent conditions of the sub- soil or structures, such as underground storage tanks, that would affect the property’s development potential. No responsibility is assumed for these conditions or for any engineering that may be required to discover them. 5. We have not considered the presence of potentially hazardous materials or any form of toxic waste on the project site. We are not qualified to detect hazardous substances and urge the client to retain an expert in this field if desired. 6. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became effective on January 26, 1992. We have assumed the proposed hotel would be designed and constructed to be in full compliance with the ADA. 7. We have made no survey of the site, and we assume no responsibility in connection with such matters. Sketches, photographs, maps, and other exhibits are included to assist the reader in visualizing the property. It is assumed that the use of the described real estate will be within the boundaries of the property described, and that no encroachment will exist. 8. All information, financial operating statements, estimates, and opinions obtained from parties not employed by TS Worldwide, LLC are assumed true and correct. We can assume no liability resulting from misinformation. 9. Unless noted, we assume that there are no encroachments, zoning violations, or building violations encumbering the subject site. 10. The property is assumed to be in full compliance with all applicable federal, state, local, and private codes, laws, consents, licenses, and regulations (including the appropriate liquor license if applicable), and that all licenses, permits, certificates, franchises, and so forth can be freely renewed or transferred to a purchaser. November-2022 Statement of Assumptions and Limiting Conditions Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 111 11. All mortgages, liens, encumbrances, leases, and servitudes have been disregarded unless specified otherwise. 12. None of this material may be reproduced in any form without our written permission, and the report cannot be disseminated to the public through advertising, public relations, news, sales, or other media. 13. We are not required to give testimony or attendance in court because of this analysis without previous arrangements and shall do so only when our standard per-diem fees and travel costs have been paid prior to the appearance. 14. If the reader is making a fiduciary or individual investment decision and has any questions concerning the material presented in this report, it is recommended that the reader contact us. 15. We take no responsibility for any events or circumstances that take place subsequent to the date of our field inspection. 16. The quality of a lodging facility's onsite management has a direct effect on a property's economic viability. The financial forecasts presented in this analysis assume responsible ownership and competent management. Any departure from this assumption may have a significant impact on the projected operating results. 17. The financial analysis presented in this report is based upon assumptions, estimates, and evaluations of the market conditions in the local and national economy, which may be subject to sharp rises and declines. Over the projection period considered in our analysis, wages and other operating expenses may increase or decrease because of market volatility and economic forces outside the control of the hotel’s management. We assume that the price of hotel rooms, food, beverages, and other sources of revenue to the hotel will be adjusted to offset any increases or decreases in related costs. We do not warrant that our estimates will be attained, but they have been developed based upon information obtained during the course of our market research and are intended to reflect the expectations of a typical hotel investor as of the stated date of the report. 18. This analysis assumes continuation of all Internal Revenue Service tax code provisions as stated or interpreted on either the date of this analysis or the date of our field inspection, whichever occurs first. 19. Many of the figures presented in this report were generated using sophisticated computer models that make calculations based on numbers carried out to three or more decimal places. In the interest of simplicity, most numbers have been rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent. Thus, these figures may be subject to small rounding errors. November-2022 Statement of Assumptions and Limiting Conditions Proposed Cottage Grove Hotel – Cottage Grove, Minnesota 112 20. It is agreed that our liability to the client is limited to the amount of the fee paid as liquidated damages. Our responsibility is limited to the client; the use of this report by third parties shall be solely at the risk of the client and/or third parties. The use of this report is also subject to the terms and conditions set forth in our engagement letter with the client. 21. Evaluating and comprising financial forecasts for hotels is both a science and an art. Although this analysis employs various mathematical calculations to provide projections, the final forecasts are subjective and may be influenced by our experience and other factors not specifically set forth in this report. 22. This study was prepared by TS Worldwide, LLC. All opinions, recommendations, and conclusions expressed during the course of this assignment are rendered by the staff of TS Worldwide, LLC as employees, rather than as individuals. HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 1 Tanya Pierson, MAI HVS CONSULTING AND VALUATION SERVICES Minneapolis, Minnesota TABLE MOUNTAIN INN Golden, Colorado RICHFIELD HOTEL MANAGEMENT Denver, Colorado HOTEL BOULDERADO Boulder, Colorado CAESARS TAHOE Stateline, Nevada LA QUINTA MOTOR INN Denver, Colorado BSBA – Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management, University of Denver Certified General Appraiser Classes Completed: NCRE: 200 - Basic Appraisal Principles and Procedures NCRE: 201 - Basic Appraisal Applications NCRE: 208 - Standards and Ethics NCRE: 203 - Small Residential Income Properties NCRE: 211 - Certified Residential: Reporting, Reviewing, and Analyzing Appraisals NCRE: 215 - Appraisal Principles and Advanced Applications NCRE: 216 - Income Capitalization NCRE: 219 - Commercial Case Studies EMPLOYMENT 1994 to present 1993 - 1994 1993 1992 - 1993 1991 1990 EDUCATION AND OTHER TRAINING HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 2 Continuing Education Courses: Real Estate Finance Course 400: National USPAP Update Appraisal Loss Prevention Seminar Market Valuation & Financial Considerations Developing & Growing an Appraisal Practice Capitalization Rate Models Feasibility, Market Value & Investment Timing Using Your HP12C Small Hotel/Motel Valuation Internet Search Strategies for Appraisers Valuation of Detrimental Conditions in Real Estate Analyzing Operating Expenses What Commercial Clients Would Like Appraisers to Know Course 550: Advanced Applications Course 530: Advanced Sales Comparison and Cost Approach Course 510: Advanced Income Capitalization General Appraiser Market Analysis and HBU Advanced Applications Business Practices and Ethics Report Writing Risky Business: Ways to Minimize Your Liability Mortgage Fraud – Protect Yourself Perspectives from Commercial Review Appraisers Ad Valorem Tax Consultation Introduction to Legal Description Fundamentals of Separating Real, Personal Property, and Intangible Business Assets CA Law Class Appraisal Applications of Regression Analysis Land and Site Valuation Appraisal of Assisted Living Facilities Advanced Hotel Appraising - Full Service Hotels Avoiding Mortgage Fraud for Appraisers Expert Witness for Commercial Appraisers Litigation Appraising - Specialized Topics Appraisal of Land Subject to Ground Lease Discounted Cash Flow Forecasting Revenue Small Hotel/Motel Valuation Cool Tools Sexual Harassment Commercial Land Valuation Intro to Expert Witness Biennial USPAP Updates Appraisal Institute Comprehensive Exam – Passed EDUCATION AND OTHER TRAINING (CONTINUED) HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 3 Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, Texas, Wisconsin “HVS Market Pulse - Minneapolis-St. Paul,” February 2021 “The Impact of COVID-19 on Hotel Values,” April 2020 “HVS Market Pulse: Minneapolis-St. Paul Lodging Market Perceptions,” February 2020 “HVS Market Pulse: Minneapolis – After the Super Bowl,” co-authored with Justin Westad, February 2019 “Market Pulse: Minneapolis - St. Paul, MN,” co-authored with Justin Westad and Justin Kaminski, April 2017 “HVS Perspectives: Center Stage at ALIS,” co-authored with Kasia Russell and Jessica White, February 2017 “Twin Cities Hotel Boom,” November 2016 – Mentioned “Downtown Minneapolis’ Hotel Boom,” September 2016 – Mentioned “In Focus: Minneapolis, MN,” July 2016 “Seven Key Takeaways – ALIS Conference,” February 2016 “Hospitality in 2016: After a record year, will occupancy dip?” January 2016 – Mentioned “Twin Cities Operators Are Bullish on 2016,” January 2016 – Mentioned “In Focus: Minneapolis/St. Paul,” December 2015 “Five Key Takeaways – ALIS Conference The Americas Lodging Investment Summit,” co- authored with Susan Furbay and Brett Russell, February 2015 “Market Intelligence Report 2013: Minneapolis,” August 2013 “HVS Market Intelligence Report: Minneapolis, Minnesota,” co-authored with Tess Federer, June 2012 ”Grand Hotel for Sale as Wirth Tests the Waters,” October 2, 2009 STATE CERTIFICATIONS ARTICLES AND MENTIONS HVS Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal Twin Cities Business Twin Cities Business HVS Journal HVS Journal Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal HVS Journal Minneapolis-St. Paul Business Journal HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 4 “Seven Hotels Retain U.S. 36 Plans,” October 3, 2008 “Foreclosure won't shutter Holiday Inn Parkside,” March 25, 2005 "Major U.S. Transactions-Mid-Year 2004," August 2004 "Telecommunication Evolution and its Impact on the Hotel Industry," January 2003 “US 36 Hotel Market Diversifies,” April 18, 2001 “Too Many Rooms: Lessons to Learn from Salt Lake City,” August 8, 2000 – Feature Article "Why Hotel Markets Crash – Salt Lake City as a Blueprint," September 2000 "From Lodging to Senior Housing – A Natural Trend?" September 1998 "The South Pacific - Paradise Lost or Found?" June 1997 Speaker at Minnesota Association of Assessing Officers Summer Conference – May 2019 Speaker at Minnesota Association of Assessing Officers Fall Conference – September 2016 Panelist at WoodSpring Hotels Annual Conference – April 2016 Panelist at Hunter Hotel Investment Conference – March 2013 Panelist at the Lodging Conference – September 2010 HVS Valuation Summit, Minneapolis – June 2012, May 2013 Minnesota Real Estate Journal, Hotel & Hospitality Conference – September 2012 Guest Speaker, HRTM 3500: Lodging III - University of Denver – October 1999, February 2000, November 2000 Guest Speaker, TOM 3400: Hotel Management and Opportunities- University of Colorado – January 2004, September 2004 Guest Speaker, HRTM 4440: Hotel Asset Management – University of Denver – May 2004 Guest Speaker, Lodging Valuation – University of Denver – May 2007, May 2008, May 2009, May 2010 Contributing Editor, Hotel Investments Handbook, 1997 Denver Business Journal Missoulian The Hotel Valuation Journal The Hotel Valuation Journal Colorado Real Estate Journal e-hospitality.com The Hotel Valuation Journal The Hotel Valuation Journal The Hotel Valuation Journal CONFERENCE ENGAGEMENTS EDITING AND LECTURE ASSIGNMENTS HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 5 Appraisal Institute – Designated Member (MAI) Boulder, Colorado CVB – Advisory Board, 2008 – 2011 Eastern Carolina University – Hospitality Management Advisory Board, 2008 – 2011 University of Denver MBA Curriculum Review Committee, 2000 University of Denver Visiting Committee, 1997/98 University of Denver HRTM Society Eta Sigma Delta PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 6 EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES APPRAISED OR EVALUATED PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS Portfolio of 650 Extended StayAmerica Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 365 La Quinta-Owned Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 11 Boykin-Owned Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 48 Hotels, Various Locations (Due Diligence) Portfolio of 57 RFS-Owned Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 34 Athletic Clubs Facilities, Various Locations Portfolio of 13 Suburban Lodges, Various Locations Portfolio of 21 Equity Inns Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 10 Marriott Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 6 Summerfield Suites, Various Locations Portfolio of 5 Heart of America Properties, Various Locations Multiple Portfolios of Summit-Owned Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 8 La Quinta Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 11 Real Estate Capital Partners-Owned Properties, California Portfolio of 26 Summit-Owned Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 11 Tharaldson-Managed Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 5 LNR-Owned Properties, Various Locations Multiple Portfolios of Highland-Owned Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 8 Hyatt Place Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 5 DoubleTree Hotels, Tennessee Portfolio of 160 Tharaldson-Managed Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 28 Hotels for Citibank, Various Locations Portfolio of 9 Suburban and Candlewood Hotels, Virginia and North Carolina Portfolio of 99 Marriott and Hilton Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 27 Hotels for Citibank, Various Locations Portfolio of 56 Value Place Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 5 Hampton Inn and Residence Inn Properties, Various Locations Portfolio of 10 Limited- and Select- Service Hotels for Voya Investment Management, Various Locations Portfolio of 6 Hotels for Summit, Various Locations Portfolio of 15 Marriott and Hilton Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 8 Hotels for Credit Suisse, Various Locations Portfolio of 7 Hotels for Bank of America, Various Locations Portfolio of 38 Hyatt Place & Hyatt House Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 87 Marriott- and Hilton- Branded Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 28 Marriott- and Hilton- Branded Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 93 Limited- and Select- Service Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 3 Hotels, El Reno, Oklahoma Portfolio of 2 Hotels, Wichita, Kansas Portfolio of 4 Hotels, Western U.S. Portfolio of 8 TownePlace Suites Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 22 Limited-Service or Extended-Stay Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 89 Hotels for Tharaldson, Various Locations Portfolio of 106 Motel 6 Hotels, Various Locations Portfolio of 4 Hotels for Guggenheim Partners, Eastern U.S. Portfolio of 7 Marriott- and Hilton- Branded Hotels, Northeastern U.S. ALABAMA Proposed Hotel, Auburn Hilton, Birmingham Hilton Garden Inn Lakeshore, Birmingham Hilton Garden Inn Liberty Park, Birmingham Holiday Inn, Birmingham Hyatt Place Birmingham Inverness, Birmingham Marriott, Birmingham Hampton Inn, Dothan Holiday Inn, Dothan Holiday Inn Express, Gadsden Embassy Suites, Huntsville Proposed 4-Star Hotel, Huntsville Value Place, Huntsville Value Place, Madison Clarion Hotel, Mobile Proposed USA Hotel, Mobile Proposed Hotel, Montgomery Proposed Hotel, Prattville Holiday Inn, Sheffield ALASKA Hampton Inn, Anchorage Holiday Inn, Anchorage Marriott, Anchorage Proposed Embassy Suites, Anchorage Proposed Staybridge Suites, Anchorage Hampton Inn & Suites, Fairbanks Proposed Candlewood Suites, Fairbanks Proposed Hampton Inn, Fairbanks Westmark Baranoff Hotel, Juneau ARIZONA Carefree Resort, Carefree Proposed Hampton Inn, Carefree Courtyard by Marriott, Chandler Hampton Inn, Chandler HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 7 Homewood Suites, Chandler Proposed Home2 Suites, Chandler Proposed Hotel Site, Chandler AmeriSuites, Flagstaff Courtyard by Marriott, Flagstaff Embassy Suites, Flagstaff Howard Johnson, Flagstaff SpringHill Suites, Flagstaff CopperWynd Resort and Club, Fountain Hills Proposed Home2 Suites, Glendale Proposed Hotel, Glendale Renaissance, Glendale Holiday Inn Express, Goodyear Hampton Inn & Suites, Goodyear Proposed Hotel Site, Goodyear Residence Inn by Marriott, Mesa Proposed Hotel, Oro Valley Proposed Hampton Inn & Suites, Page Arizona Biltmore Resort & Spa, Phoenix Crowne Plaza, Phoenix Embassy Suites, Phoenix Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Phoenix Hampton Inn, Phoenix Holiday Inn West, Phoenix Homewood Suites, Phoenix Hyatt Place Phoenix North, Phoenix Proposed Hampton Inn, Phoenix Proposed Hotel Palomar, Phoenix Proposed Hotel Site, Phoenix Radisson, Phoenix Market Area Section, Phoenix/Tempe Holiday Inn Express, Prescott DoubleTree Resort, Scottsdale Hilton Resort, Scottsdale Proposed Fairfield Suites by Marriott, Scottsdale Proposed Staybridge Suites, Scottsdale Sanctuary on Camelback Mountain, Scottsdale Scottsdale Market Area Overview, Scottsdale TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Scottsdale L’Auberge de Sedona, Sedona Hampton Inn, Sedona Four Points Tempe (Conversion to Moxy), Tempe Proposed Residence Inn, Tempe Wyndham Buttes Resort, Tempe Embassy Suites Airport, Tucson JW Marriott Starr Pass Resort, Tucson Sheraton El Conquistador, Tucson Proposed Comfort Suites, Tucson Ramada Palo Verde, Tucson Residence Inn by Marriott, Tucson ARKANSAS Four Points by Sheraton, Bakersfield Courtyard by Marriott, Bentonville Courtyard by Marriott, Fort Smith Embassy Suites, Hot Springs Fairfield Inn, Little Rock Holiday Inn Presidential Conference Center, Little Rock Residence Inn by Marriott, Little Rock Embassy Suites, Rogers Proposed Marriott, West Little Rock CALIFORNIA Sheraton Disneyland, Anaheim Embassy Suites, Arcadia Proposed Hilton Garden, Arcadia Proposed SpringHill Suites by Marriott, Arcadia W Aspen, Aspen Claremont Resort & Spa, Berkeley Radisson Hotel, Brisbane Hampton Inn & Suites, Camarillo Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Carlsbad Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Carlsbad Courtyard by Marriott, Century City DoubleTree Hotel, Commerce Hardage Hotel, Emeryville Staybridge Suites Sacramento Folsom, Folsom Courtyard by Marriott, Fresno Piccadilly Airport Hotel, Fresno Hampton Inn, Goleta Holiday Inn Express, Hesperia Clarion Roosevelt, Hollywood La Quinta Resort & Club, La Quinta Courtyard by Marriott, Livermore Hotel D’Orsay, Long Beach Four Points LAX, Los Angeles Marriott LAX, Los Angeles Proposed AC by Marriott Hotel, Los Angeles The Standard Hotel, Los Angeles Beverly Heritage Hotel, Milpitas Sheraton Hotel, Milpitas DoubleTree Hotel, Mission Valley Courtyard, Modesto Silverado Resort, Napa Courtyard by Marriott, Oyster Point Residence Inn by Marriott, Oyster Point Holiday Inn Express, Palm Desert Homewood Suites, Palm Desert Renaissance Hotel, Palm Springs Four Points by Sheraton, Pleasanton Sierra Suites, Pleasanton Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Pleasanton Wyndham Garden, Pleasanton Hampton Inn & Suites, Poway Hyatt Place Sacramento Rancho Cordova, Rancho Cordova Homewood Suites, Rancho Cucamonga Holiday Inn, Riverside DoubleTree, Sacramento Residence Inn by Marriott, Sacramento Proposed Hotel, San Bernardino DoubleTree, San Diego Hardage Hotel, San Diego Hilton Harbor Island, San Diego Holiday Inn Mission Valley Stadium, San Diego Towne & Country Resort & Conference Center, San Diego Westin, San Diego Wyndham Emerald Plaza, San Diego Hilton Fisherman’s Wharf, San Francisco Proposed Le Meridien San Jose, San Jose Holiday Inn Express Fisherman’s Wharf, San Francisco HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 8 Hotel Rex, San Francisco Courtyard by Marriott, San Luis Obispo Courtyard, Santa Rosa Radisson Valley Center Hotel, Sherman Oaks Sonoma Valley Inn, Sonoma Four Points SFO, South San Francisco Maple Tree Inn, Sunnyvale Sheraton, Sunnyvale Holiday Inn Express, Temecula Courtyard by Marriott, Thousand Oaks TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Thousand Oaks Residence Inn by Marriott, Torrance Courtyard, Vacaville Holiday Inn, Ventura Ventura Beach Marriott, Ventura Wyndham Bel Age, West Hollywood Marriott Warner Center, Woodland Hills COLORADO Denver Marriott, Aurora DoubleTree Denver Southeast, Aurora Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott Denver Aurora Southlands, Aurora Hilton Garden Inn DIA, Aurora Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Aurora Proposed Residence Inn Gateway Park, Aurora Proposed Woolley Classic Suites, Aurora Sleep Inn, Aurora Suburban Lodge, Aurora Hyatt Regency Beaver Creek, Avon Proposed Hotel, Avon Proposed Timeshare, Avon Ritz-Carlton Bachelor Gulch, Avon Proposed TBD Hotel, Basalt Alps Boulder Canyon Inn, Boulder Clarion Harvest House, Boulder Proposed Hotel Renovation/Expansion, Boulder Proposed Marriott, Boulder Proposed St. Julien Hotel, Boulder Aloft Arista, Broomfield Interlocken Club & Spa, Broomfield Omni Interlocken Resort, Broomfield Proposed Interlocken Resort, Broomfield Proposed NYLO, Broomfield Proposed Summerfield Suites, Broomfield Proposed Aloft, Broomfield Proposed Holiday Inn, Clifton Academy Hotel, Colorado Springs Best Western Academy, Colorado Springs DoubleTree, Colorado Springs DoubleTree by Hilton World Arena, Colorado Springs Embassy Suites, Colorado Springs Hampton Inn, Colorado Springs Holiday Inn Colorado Springs Airport, Colorado Springs Holiday Inn Express, Colorado Springs Homewood Suites, Colorado Springs Proposed Brighton Gardens, Colorado Springs Proposed Homewood Suites by Hilton, Colorado Springs Proposed Hotel, Colorado Springs Proposed Mining Exchange Hotel, Colorado Springs Radisson, Colorado Springs WoodSpring Suites, Colorado Springs Holiday Inn, Craig Grande Butte Hotel, Crested Butte Irwin Mountain Lodge, Crested Butte MountainLair Hotel, Crested Butte Sheraton Hotel, Crested Butte Imperial Hotel & Casino, Cripple Creek Colorado Athletic Club Downtown, Denver Colorado Athletic Club Leetsdale, Denver Courtyard by Marriott, Denver DoubleTree DTC, Denver Embassy Suites, Denver Four Points by Sheraton, Denver Hampton Inn, Denver Hampton Inn DIA, Denver Hampton Inn & Suites, Denver Hilton DTC, Denver Hilton Garden Inn Downtown, Denver Holiday Inn Central, Denver Holiday Inn Express, Denver International Airport JW Marriott, Denver Proposed Best Western Plus Gateway Park, Denver Proposed Boutique Hotel – Sloan Lake, Denver Proposed Cherry Creek Hotel, Denver Proposed Denver Athletic Club Hotel, Denver Proposed Executive Tower Hotel, Denver Proposed Full-Service Hotel, Denver Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Denver Proposed Hotel at DU, Denver Proposed JW Marriott Hotel, Denver Proposed Limited-Service DTC Hotel, Denver Proposed Metro State Hotel, Denver Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Denver Proposed Union Station Hotel, Denver Ritz-Carlton Downtown, Denver Wyndham DTC, Denver Days Inn, Denver International Airport Ramada Limited, Denver International Airport Proposed Sheraton, Denver International Airport Proposed Jackson Creek Ranch, Douglas County Holiday Inn & Suites, Durango Proposed Holiday Inn, Durango AmericInn, Eagle 24 Hour Fitness, Englewood Colorado Athletic Club Inverness, Englewood Courtyard by Marriott, Englewood Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Englewood Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Englewood Residence Inn by Marriott, Englewood HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 9 Sheraton Denver Tech Center, Englewood Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Englewood The Stanley Hotel, Estes Park Comfort Suites Golden West on Evergreen Parkway, Evergreen Courtyard by Marriott, Fort Collins Homewood Suites, Fort Collins Marriott, Fort Collins, Residence Inn by Marriott, Fort Collins Holiday Inn, Frisco Hampton Inn & Suites, Glendale Staybridge Suites, Glendale Courtyard by Marriott, Glenwood Springs Residence Inn by Marriott, Glenwood Springs Fairfield Inn/AmericInn, Golden Golden Hotel, Golden Hampton Inn, Golden Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Golden Ramada Inn Denver West, Golden Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Golden Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Golden Table Mountain Inn, Golden Adams Mark, Grand Junction Comfort Inn, Grand Junction Hilton Hotel, Grand Junction Proposed Candlewood Suites, Grand Junction Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Grand Junction Proposed Hampton Inn, Grand Junction Proposed Holiday Inn, Grand Junction Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Grand Junction Proposed Hotel, Grand Junction Colorado Athletic Club DTC, Greenwood Village Greenwood Athletic Club, Greenwood Village Proposed Westin Hotel, Greenwood Village AmericInn, Lakewood Hampton Inn, Lakewood Proposed Brighton Gardens, Lakewood Sheraton Denver West, Lakewood Holiday Inn Express, Littleton Proposed Residence Inn, Littleton Proposed Staybridge Suites, Littleton Element Hotel, Lone Tree Proposed Hotel, Longmont Raintree Plaza, Longmont Comfort Inn, Louisville Courtyard by Marriott, Louisville Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Louisville Hampton Inn, Louisville Embassy Suites, Loveland Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Loveland Rock ‘N River Property, Lyons Holiday Inn Express, Montrose Ramada Limited, Northglenn Hampton Inn, Parker Marriott Convention Center, Pueblo Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Sterling Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Superior Proposed Hotel, Superior Proposed Westin, Telluride Peaks at Telluride, Telluride The Owners Club, Telluride Rosewood Resort, Telluride Radisson Graystone Castle, Thornton Chateau Vail, Vail Lodge at Vail, Vail Vail Village Inn, Vail Proposed Vail Plaza, Vail Proposed Four Seasons, Vail Vail Cascade Hotel & Club, Vail Courtyard by Marriott Denver North Westminster, Westminster Proposed Bradford Homesuites, Westminster Proposed Comfort Suites, Westminster Proposed Hyatt Place, Westminster Proposed SpringHill Suites by Marriott, Westminster Proposed Westin, Westminster Westin Hotel, Westminster Proposed Limited-Service Hotel, Woodland Park Proposed Select-Service Hotel, Woodland Park CONNECTICUT Radisson, Enfield Holiday Inn, East Hartford Courtyard by Marriott, Orange DoubleTree Hotel, Windsor Locks Marriott Airport, Windsor DELAWARE Residence Inn by Marriott, Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Kimpton Banneker Hotel Proposed Embassy Suites Proposed Residence Inn - Navy Yards FLORIDA TownePlace Suites by Marriott Orlando Altamonte Springs/Maitland, Altamonte Springs Proposed WoodSpring Suites, Belle Isle Boca Athletic Club, Boca Raton Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Brandon Courtyard by Marriott, Brandon Mayfair House, Coconut Grove Holiday Inn, Coral Gables Hyatt, Coral Gables DoubleTree Hotel, Fort Lauderdale DoubleTree Guest Suites, Fort Lauderdale Hampton Inn, Fort Lauderdale Marriott Sanibel Harbour Resort, Fort Myers Sanibel Harbour Resort & Spa, Ft. Myers Holiday Inn, Fort Pierce Aloft, Jacksonville Hampton Inn, Jacksonville Holiday Inn Sunspree, Jacksonville Beach Proposed Aloft, Jacksonville HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 10 Residence Inn by Marriott, Jacksonville Westin, Key Largo Courtyard by Marriott, Key West Holiday Inn, Key West Super 8, Lantana Hilton Walt Disney Work, Lake Buena Vista Sheraton, Maitland Holiday Inn, Melbourne Doral Golf Resort & Spa, Miami DoubleTree Club Hotel, Miami Hilton Garden Inn Miami Airport, Miami Hilton Miami Downtown, Miami Homewood Suites Miami Airport, Miami Proposed Aloft South Beach, Miami TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Miami Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Miami Grand Beach Hotel, Miami Beach TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Miami Lakes Proposed Hilton, Naples Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Naples DoubleTree Orlando at SeaWorld, Orlando Hyatt Place Convention Center, Orlando Hyatt Place Universal, Orlando Residence Inn by Marriott, Orlando Radisson Parkway Resort, Orlando Holiday Inn Express, Pensacola Holiday Inn University Mall, Pensacola Hampton Inn, Pensacola Sheraton Suites, Plantation Hyatt Regency, Sarasota SpringHill Suites by Marriott, Sarasota Proposed Radisson Hotel, Tallahassee Hampton Inn Ybor City, Tampa Harbour Island Athletic Club, Tampa Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, Tampa Crowne Plaza, West Palm Beach Residence Inn by Marriott, West Palm Beach Sheraton, West Palm Beach Holiday Inn, Winter Haven GEORGIA Hampton Inn, Alpharetta Marriott, Alpharetta Residence Inn by Marriott, Alpharetta Courtyard by Marriott, Atlanta Courtyard Vinings, Atlanta Crowne Plaza Ravinia, Atlanta Days Inn, Atlanta DoubleTree Guest Suites, Atlanta Georgian Terrace, Atlanta Hilton Suites Perimeter, Atlanta Hyatt Place Airport, Atlanta Marriott Hotel, Atlanta Northeast Athletic Club, Atlanta Residence Inn by Marriott, Atlanta Ritz-Carlton Downtown, Atlanta Sheraton Colony Square, Atlanta Sheraton Downtown, Atlanta Westin Perimeter North, Atlanta Wyndham Vining Inn, Atlanta Days Inn Downtown, Augusta Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Augusta Holiday Inn Gordon Hwy, Augusta Holiday Inn West, Augusta Holiday Inn, Brunswick Courtyard by Marriott, Buckhead Residence Inn by Marriott, Buckhead Sierra Suites, Buckhead Hampton Inn, Buford SpringHill Suites, Buford Hilton Garden Inn, Duluth Holiday Inn Gwinnett Center, Duluth Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Duluth Proposed Hotel, Duluth Residence Inn by Marriott, Duluth Hyatt Place Atlanta Airport, East Point Best Western Plus Fairburn Atlanta Southwest, Fairburn Residence Inn by Marriott, Gwinnett Holiday Inn, Jekyll Island Fairfield Inn, Kennesaw SpringHill Suites, Kennesaw Emerald Pointe Resort, Lake Lanier Islands SpringHill Suites, Lithia Springs Comfort Inn, Marietta Holiday Inn & Suites, Marietta Hyatt Regency, Marietta Wyndham Peachtree Center, Peachtree City Courtyard by Marriott, Savannah Hyatt Regency, Savannah Radisson Hotel, Savannah Westin, Savannah Holiday Inn, Valdosta Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Valdosta Ramada Inn, Warner Robins HAWAII Fairmont Orchid, Big Island Ritz-Carlton Kapalua, Maui Royal Hawaiian, Oahu Sheraton Moana Surfrider, Oahu Sheraton Princess, Oahu IDAHO DoubleTree Hotel, Boise Holiday Inn, Boise Red Lion Downtowner, Boise Proposed Cambria Suites, Boise Red Lion Riverside, Boise Shilo Inn, Boise SpringHill Suites, Boise The Grove Hotel, Boise Holiday Inn Express, Coeur d’Alene Shilo Inn, Idaho Falls Proposed Resort, McCall Proposed Home2 Suites by Hilton, Pocatello AmericInn, Twin Falls ILLINOIS Holiday Inn, Arlington Heights Sheraton Chicago Northwest, Arlington Heights Courtyard by Marriott, Bedford Park Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Bedford Park Holiday Inn Express, Bedford Park Proposed Holiday Inn Select, Bedford Park Hampton Inn, Bloomington HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 11 Proposed Hyatt Place, Bloomington Proposed JW Marriott, Bloomington SpringHill Suites, Burr Ridge Crowne Plaza Avenue Hotel & Office Building, Chicago Hilton Suites, Chicago Hyatt Printers Row, Chicago Proposed Hampton Inn Loyola, Chicago Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Chicago Ritz Carlton, Chicago Sheraton Hotel & Towers, Chicago Wyndham NW, Chicago Holiday Inn, Crystal Lake DoubleTree Club Hotel, Des Plaines Holiday Inn, Downers Grove Embassy Suites, East Peoria Proposed Staybridge Suites by Holiday Inn, Elgin SpringHill Suites, Elmhurst Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Forsyth Holiday Inn, Glen Ellyn DoubleTree Hotel, Glenview Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Glenview Proposed Hotel, Gurnee Hyatt Place, Hoffman Estates Marriott Northwest, Hoffman Estates Holiday Inn, Itasca Wyndham NW Chicago, Itasca SpringHill Suites by Marriott Chicago Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire Wyndham, Lisle Wyndham Garden, Naperville Marriott, Normal Proposed Radisson, Normal Proposed Hotel, Peoria Holiday Inn, Rolling Meadows Proposed Radisson Hotel, Schaumburg Wyndham Garden, Schaumburg DoubleTree Hotel, Skokie Proposed Residence Inn, Wilmette Wyndham Garden, Wood Dale INDIANA Holiday Inn, Bloomington Hyatt Place, Bloomington Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Bloomington Proposed Staybridge Suites, Carmel Renaissance, Carmel Residence Inn by Marriott, Fishers Courtyard by Marriott Downtown, Fort Wayne Hilton, Fort Wayne Holiday Inn, Fort Wayne Proposed Courtyard, Fort Wayne Proposed Hotel, Fort Wayne Staybridge Suites by Holiday Inn, Fort Wayne French Lick Resort, French Lick AmeriSuites, Indianapolis Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Indianapolis Hampton Inn, Indianapolis Hyatt Regency, Indianapolis Proposed Boutique Hotel, Indianapolis Proposed Canopy Hotel, Indianapolis Proposed Convention Hotel, Indianapolis Proposed Independent Hotel, Indianapolis Proposed InterContinental Indianapolis Downtown, Indianapolis Residence Inn by Marriott, Indianapolis Proposed Hampton Inn, Lawrenceburg Residence Inn by Marriott, Merrillville Proposed Home2 Suites, Mishawaka Proposed SpringHill Suites by Marriott, Munster Proposed Potato Creek Inn, North Liberty Proposed Casino, Paxton Knights Inn, Seymour Proposed Fairfield Inn, South Bend Proposed Valparaiso Hotel, Valparaiso Hilton Garden Inn Wabash Landing, West Lafayette Proposed Prophetstown Inn, West Lafayette IDAHO Hampton Inn & Suites, Pocatello IOWA Crowne Plaza, Cedar Rapids Hampton Inn, Cedar Rapids Wildwood Lodge, Clive Best Western Metro, Council Bluffs Proposed Candlewood Suites, Davenport Comfort Suites, Des Moines Country Inn & Suites, Des Moines Proposed 2525 Grand, Des Moines Proposed Boutique Hotel, Des Moines Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Des Moines Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Des Moines Proposed Hotel, Des Moines Savery Hotel, Des Moines Sleep Inn, Des Moines Surety Hotel Des Moines, Des Moines Four Points, West Des Moines Sheraton, Iowa City Proposed SpringHill Suites, Ottumwa KANSAS Holiday Inn Express, Hays Courtyard by Marriott, Junction City Holiday Inn, Lawrence Proposed Hotel, Lawrence Proposed MainStay Suites, Lawrence Proposed Candlewood Suites, Lenexa Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Lenexa Holiday Inn, Manhattan Comfort Suites, Olathe AmeriSuites, Overland Park Hampton Inn, Overland Park Homewood Suites, Overland Park Proposed Hampton Inn, Overland Park Proposed Staybridge Suites, Overland Park AmericInn, Salina Holiday Inn, Wichita Proposed Hotel – Bowllagio, Wichita Proposed Downtown Hotel, Wichita Proposed Hotel – Greenwich, Wichita Proposed Hotel – Southfork, Wichita HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 12 KENTUCKY Holiday Inn Riverfront, Covington Courtyard by Marriott, Florence Marriott Airport, Hebron Embassy Suites, Lexington Aloft Louisville Downtown, Louisville Hilton Garden Inn Northeast, Louisville Holiday Inn, Louisville Homewood Suites by Hilton Louisville Downtown, Louisville Proposed Aloft Hotel, Louisville Proposed Homewood Suites by Hilton, Louisville Proposed WoodSpring Suites, Louisville Radisson, Louisville Courtyard by Marriott, Paducah Super 8, Prestonburg LOUISIANA Comfort Inn, Baton Rouge Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Baton Rouge SpringHill Suites by Marriott, Baton Rouge TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Baton Rouge Residence Inn by Marriott Shreveport- Bossier City/Downtown, Bossier City TownePlace Suites by Marriott Shreveport-Bossier City, Bossier City Courtyard by Marriott, Lafayette Holiday Inn, Lafayette Courtyard by Marriott, Metairie Quality Inn, Metairie Residence Inn by Marriott, Metairie Astor Crowne Plaza, New Orleans Bourbon Orleans, New Orleans Courtyard Convention Center, New Orleans Crowne Plaza, New Orleans Hyatt Regency, New Orleans Maison DuPuy, New Orleans Radisson, New Orleans SpringHill Suites Convention Center, New Orleans SpringHill Suites by Marriott New Orleans Downtown, New Orleans Wingate Inn, Sulphur MARYLAND Marriott, Annapolis DoubleTree by Hilton, Annapolis Radisson, Annapolis Brookshire Suites, Baltimore Homewood Suites/Hilton Garden Inn Inner Harbor, Baltimore Proposed Extended-Stay Hotel, Baltimore Proposed Staybridge Suites, Baltimore Wyndham Inner Harbor Hotel, Baltimore Bel Air Athletic Club, Bel Air Holiday Inn, Belmont Residence Inn by Marriott, Bethesda Hilton, Columbia Holiday Inn, Cromwell Bridge Holiday Inn, Frederick Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Gaithersburg Holiday Inn Airport, Linthicum Heights DoubleTree, Rockville Days Inn, Silver Spring Holiday Inn, Silver Spring MASSACHUSETTS Wyndham, Billerica Atlantic Avenue Athletic Club, Boston Charles Square Athletic Club, Boston Commonwealth Athletic Club, Boston Courtyard by Marriott, Boston Proposed Intercontinental Hotel, Boston Westin Copley Place, Boston Wyndham Hotel, Boston Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Burlington TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Danvers Residence Inn by Marriott, Dedham Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Natick Newton Athletic Club, Newton Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Waltham Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Woburn Crowne Plaza, Worcester MICHIGAN Proposed TownePlace Suites, Ann Arbor Residence Inn by Marriott, Ann Arbor Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Auburn Hills Hilton Suites, Auburn Hills Proposed TownePlace Suites, Auburn Hills Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Canton Lifetime Fitness Center, Canton Courtyard by Marriott, Dearborn Hyatt Regency, Dearborn TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Dearborn DoubleTree Hotel Airport, Detroit Courtyard by Marriott, Flint Holiday Inn, Flint Delta Hotels by Marriott Grand Rapids Airport, Grand Rapids Proposed TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Grand Rapids Holiday Inn West, Lansing Embassy Suites Detroit Livonia, Livonia Proposed TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Livonia TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Livonia Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Madison Heights Delta Hotels Muskegon Downtown, Muskegon Holiday Inn Muskegon Harbor, Muskegon Hampton Inn, Northville Wyndham Garden, Novi Quality Inn, Plymouth Proposed Marriott, Pontiac Lifetime Fitness Center, Rochester Hills HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 13 Proposed WoodSpring Suites, Rochester Hills Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Romulus Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Romulus Courtyard by Marriott, Southfield Holiday Inn, Southfield Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Sterling Proposed TownePlace Suites, Sterling Heights Comfort Inn, Traverse City Courtyard by Marriott, Troy Drury Inn, Troy Hilton Inn Northfield, Troy Courtyard by Marriott, Warren Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Warren MINNESOTA Holiday Inn, Alexandria Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Alexandria Holiday Inn, Arden Hills Proposed Cobblestone Hotel & Suites, Austin Proposed SpringHill Suites Vadnais Heights, Arden Hills Proposed Country Inn, Bemidji Cambria Suites, Bloomington Crowne Plaza, Bloomington GuestHouse Inn, Bloomington Hampton Inn & Suites, Bloomington Hilton Garden Inn Minneapolis Airport Mall of America, Bloomington Holiday Inn, Bloomington Holiday Inn Express, Bloomington Le Bourget Aero Suites (conversion to Holiday Inn Express), Bloomington Marriott Airport, Bloomington Northwest Athletic Club 98th Street, Bloomington Northwest Athletic Club Normandale, Bloomington Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Bloomington Proposed Full-Service Hotel, Bloomington Proposed Hampton Inn & Suites, Bloomington Proposed Home2 Suites, Bloomington Proposed Hyatt, Bloomington Proposed JW Marriott, Bloomington Proposed MOA Hotel, Bloomington Proposed Radisson Blu, Bloomington Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Bloomington Radisson Blu Mall of America, Bloomington Ramada Mall of America, Bloomington Renaissance Hotel, Bloomington Staybridge Suites Minneapolis Bloomington, Bloomington Wyndham Garden, Bloomington Motel 6 Minneapolis Brooklyn Center, Brooklyn Center Northwest Athletic Club Highway 100, Brooklyn Center Cragun's Resort, Brainerd Northland Inn, Brooklyn Park Proposed Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Brooklyn Park Northwest Athletic Club Burnsville, Burnsville Proposed Hotel, Chaska Proposed Cohasset Hotel, Cohasset Days Inn Duluth Lakewalk, Duluth Edgewater Hotel and Waterpark, Duluth Holiday Inn, Duluth Motel 6, Duluth Proposed Cambria Suites, Duluth Proposed Clyde Ironworks Hotel, Duluth Proposed GrandStay Hotel & Suites, Duluth Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Duluth Proposed Mixed-Use Development, Duluth Proposed Fairfield Inn & Suites, Eagan Proposed Home2 Suites, Eagan Proposed Hotel, Eagan Residence Inn by Marriott, Eagan Westin Edina Galleria, Edina Hilton Garden Inn, Eden Prairie Northwest Athletic Club Crosstown, Eden Prairie Flagship Athletic Club, Eden Prairie Proposed TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Eden Prairie Hawthorn Suites, Edina Northwest Athletic Club Midwest, Edina Northwest Athletic Club St. Louis Park, Edina Proposed Homewood Suites by Hilton, Edina Proposed Hotel Market Study, Edina Westin, Edina Proposed Boutique Hotel on Lake Minnetonka, Excelsior Northwest Athletic Club Moore Lake, Fridley Proposed Best Western Plus, Grand Rapids Sawmill Inn, Grand Rapids Wendigo Lodge, Grand Rapids Proposed Hastings Hotel, Hastings Proposed Microtel, Hastings Hibbing Park Hotel, Hibbing Grand Casino Hinckley’s RV Resort, Hinckley Proposed AmericInn by Wyndham, International Falls Proposed Best Western Plus International Falls, International Falls Proposed Microtel International Falls, International Falls Motel 6 Lakeville/Minneapolis, Lakeville Lutsen Resort, Lutsen Proposed Hampton Inn, Mankato Northwest Athletic Club Maple Grove, Maple Grove Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Maple Grove Proposed Staybridge Suites by Marriott, Maple Grove Proposed Hotel, Maplewood Courtyard by Marriott, Mendota Heights AC Hotel by Marriott Minneapolis Downtown, Minneapolis HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 14 Airport Market Area Overview, Minneapolis Comfort Suites, Minneapolis Courtyard by Marriott Minneapolis Downtown, Minneapolis Crowne Plaza Minneapolis Northstar Downtown, Minneapolis Days Inn University of MN, Minneapolis Element Minneapolis Downtown, Minneapolis Elliot Park Hotel Autograph Collection Minneapolis, Minneapolis Emery Autograph Collection by Marriott, Minneapolis Grand Hotel Minneapolis, Minneapolis Homewood Suites Mall of America, Minneapolis Hampton Inn & Suites Minneapolis University Area, Minneapolis Hewing Hotel, Minneapolis Hilton, Minneapolis Hotel Ivy, Minneapolis Hotel Minneapolis, Minneapolis Hyatt Place, Minneapolis Le Meridien Chambers Hotel, Minneapolis Northwest Athletic Club Arena, Minneapolis Proposed AC Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Autograph Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Canopy Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Conrad Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Minneapolis Proposed Dual-Branded Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Element, Minneapolis Proposed Extended-Stay Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Full-Service Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Gateway Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Hampton Inn, Minneapolis Proposed Hotel at MSP, Minneapolis Proposed Hyatt Centric, Minneapolis Proposed Hyatt Place (conversion), Minneapolis Proposed Limited-Service Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Minneapolis Stadium Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Moxy, Minneapolis Proposed SALT Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed Terminal Hotel, Minneapolis Proposed TownePlace Suites, Minneapolis Proposed Westin, Minneapolis Radisson Metrodome, Minneapolis Sheraton Midtown Minneapolis, Minneapolis The Grand Hotel, Minneapolis The Marquette Hotel, Minneapolis W Minneapolis The Foshay, Minneapolis Hampton Inn, Minnetonka Holiday Inn Express, Minnetonka Northwest Athletic Club Oakdale, Minnetonka Sheraton Minneapolis West, Minnetonka Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Mounds View Proposed New Brighton Hotel, New Brighton Proposed Hilton Garden, Oakdale Proposed Home2 Suites by Hilton, Oakdale Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Oak Park Heights Owatonna Proposed Hotel, Owatonna Proposed Courtyard by Marriott, Owatonna Proposed Hotel, Plymouth Motel 6 Minneapolis Airport Mall Of America, Richfield Extended Stay America North, Rochester Extended Stay America South, Rochester Holiday Inn Rochester Downtown, Rochester Proposed Cambria Suites, Rochester Proposed Dual Brand IHG Rochester, Rochester Proposed Embassy Suites, Rochester Proposed Hilton Hotel, Rochester Proposed Hotel, Rochester Proposed Hyatt House Rochester, Rochester Staybridge Suites, Rochester Comfort Inn, Roseville Motel 6 Roseville/Minneapolis, Roseville Proposed Roseville Avid Hotel, Roseville Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Roseville Holiday Inn West, St. Louis Park Proposed Extended-Stay Hotel, St. Louis Park Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, St. Louis Park Proposed Hotel, St. Louis Park DoubleTree by Hilton Saint Paul East, Saint Paul Holiday Inn, St. Paul Proposed Element Hotel, St. Paul Proposed Hotel, St. Paul Proposed Hyatt Place, St. Paul Saint Paul Hotel, St. Paul Proposed Hotel, Stillwater Proposed Hotel, Wabasha Proposed Holiday Inn, Waite Park Proposed Staybridge Suites, Waite Park Proposed Limited-Service Hotel, Willmar La Quinta Inn & Suites Saint Paul Woodbury, Woodbury Sheraton, Woodbury MISSISSIPPI Hampton Inn, Harrisburg Comfort Inn, Hattiesburg Courtyard by Marriott, Jackson Holiday Inn Express, Jackson Proposed Conference Resort, Jackson Ramada, McComb HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 15 Holiday Inn Express, Milford Homewood Suites, Ridgeland Staybridge Suites, Ridgeland MISSOURI Branson Landing Hilton, Branson Chateau on the Lake, Branson Hilton Branson Convention Center, Branson Sheraton, Clayton Proposed Home 2 Suites by Hilton, Independence Residence Inn by Marriott, Joplin Hampton Inn, Kansas City Proposed Boutique Hotel, Kansas City Proposed Hotel, Kansas City Proposed Residence Inn by Marriott, Kansas City Residence Inn by Marriott, Kansas City Country Club Hotel & Spa, Lake Ozark Big Cedar Lodge, Ridgedale Embassy Suites, St. Charles Comfort Inn, St. Louis Holiday Inn North, St. Louis Radisson Hotel, St. Louis Courtyard by Marriott, Springfield Holiday Inn Express, Springfield Residence Inn by Marriott, Springfield University Plaza, Springfield MONTANA Crowne Plaza, Billings Proposed TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Billings Best Western Butte Plaza Inn, Butte Hampton Inn, Butte Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Glendive Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Great Falls Holiday Inn Express, Helena Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Helena Wingate Inn, Helena Holiday Inn Express, Kalispell Proposed Homewood Suites, Kalispell Proposed Hotel, Missoula Proposed TownePlace Suites, Missoula TownePlace Suites by Marriott, Missoula Proposed Best Western, Shelby Best Western Golden Prairie Inn & Suites, Sidney Proposed Best Western, Sidney Richland Motor Inn, Sidney Proposed Hotel, Whitefish NEBRASKA Proposed Hotel, Ashland Proposed Hotel, Beatrice Proposed Hotel, Grand Island Proposed Hotel, Hastings Embassy Suites, La Vista Embassy Suites, Lincoln Hampton Inn, Lincoln Proposed Fallbrook Hotel, Lincoln Proposed Hotel, Lincoln Courtyard by Marriott, La Vista Proposed Hotel, Lincoln Best Western Central, Omaha DoubleTree, Omaha Hampton Inn, Omaha Marriott Hotel, Omaha Proposed Blackstone Hotel, Omaha Proposed Hotel, Omaha Proposed Marriott, Omaha Ramada Inn, Omaha Sheraton Inn, Omaha Proposed Hotel, Waverly NEVADA Candlewood Suites, Henderson Hampton Inn & Holiday Inn Express, Henderson Proposed Holiday Inn Express, Henderson Proposed Timeshare Resort, Lake Tahoe Alexis Park Suites, Las Vegas Courtyard by Marriott, Las Vegas Embassy Suites, Las Vegas Marriott Suites, Las Vegas Proposed Hotel, Las Vegas SpringHill Suites, Las Vegas Homewood Suites, Reno Hyatt Place, Reno NEW HAMPSHIRE Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Merrimack NEW JERSEY Trump Marina Hotel & Casino, Atlantic City Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Bridgewater Courtyard by Marriott, Edison Leisure Park Retirement Community, Lakewood Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Morristown Hilton Gateway Plaza, Newark Hilton, Parsippany Residence Inn by Marriott, Princeton Courtyard by Marriott, Secaucus DoubleTree, Somerset Residence Inn by Marriott, Tinton Falls Summerfield Suites by Wyndham, Whippany NEW MEXICO Andaluz, Albuquerque Del Norte Athletic Club, Albuquerque DoubleTree by Hilton, Albuquerque Downtown Athletic Club, Albuquerque Embassy Suites, Albuquerque Hilton Garden Inn Uptown, Albuquerque Highpoint Athletic Club, Albuquerque Holiday Inn Express, Albuquerque Hotel Albuquerque, Albuquerque La Posada, Albuquerque Midtown Athletic Club, Albuquerque Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Albuquerque Proposed Hotel Indigo, Albuquerque Proposed Residence Inn, Albuquerque Proposed SpringHill Suites, Albuquerque Riverpoint Athletic Club, Albuquerque Suburban Lodge, Albuquerque Holiday Inn Express, Farmington Hilton Garden Inn, Las Cruces HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 16 Proposed Resort, Pojoaque Hilton Garden Inn, Rio Rancho Bishop's Lodge, Santa Fe Courtyard by Marriott, Santa Fe Eldorado Hotel, Santa Fe Encantado Resort, Santa Fe Hilton, Santa Fe Holiday Inn, Santa Fe Hotel Chimayo, Santa Fe Proposed Hotel, Santa Fe NEW YORK Crowne Plaza, Albany Omni Hotel, Albany Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Buffalo Holiday Inn Express, Cooperstown Residence Inn by Marriott, Fishkill Hyatt Place, Garden City Holiday Inn, Grand Island Holiday Inn, Jamestown Sofitel, New York Four Points, Niagara Falls Holiday Inn Select, Niagara Falls Proposed Hotel, Niagara Falls Embassy Suites, Syracuse Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Syracuse Holiday Inn, Syracuse Wyndham Hotel, Syracuse NORTH CAROLINA Sleep Inn & Suites, Albemarle Hampton Inn, Asheboro DoubleTree Biltmore, Asheville Hotel Indigo, Asheville Renaissance, Asheville Cape Pines Motel, Buxton Embassy Suites Ayrsley, Charlotte Hilton Garden Inn Ayrsley, Charlotte Homewood Suites, Charlotte Residence Inn by Marriott, Charlotte Westin Hotel, Charlotte Proposed Select-Service Hotel, Charlotte Holiday Inn Express, Clemmons Embassy Suites, Concord Hilton Garden Inn, Concord 21c Museum Hotel, Durham Candlewood Suites Durham Research Triangle Park, Durham Proposed 21c Hotel, Durham Proposed Hotel, Durham Holiday Inn, Fayetteville Radisson Inn, Greensboro Holiday Inn Express, Henderson Days Inn RPT, Raleigh Holiday Inn, Raleigh Proposed Hotel, Raleigh Renaissance Hotel, Raleigh Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Rocky Mount NORTH DAKOTA Hampton by Hilton, Bismarck Proposed SpringHill Suites by Marriott, Bismarck Proposed University Hotel, Bismarck Staybridge Suites, Bismarck Proposed Dakota Suites, Dickinson Delta Hotels by Marriott Fargo, Fargo Hampton by Hilton Fargo Medical Center, Fargo Hawthorn Suites by Wyndham Fargo, Fargo Holiday Inn, Fargo Proposed Hawthorn Suites, Fargo Proposed Hotel, Fargo Proposed Limited-Service Hotel, Fargo Proposed Wingate Inn, Fargo Radisson, Fargo Ramada Plaza Conversion, Fargo Ramada Plaza Suites, Fargo Canad Inns Destination Center Grand Forks, Grand Forks Baymont Inn & Suites, Minot Hyatt House, Minot La Quinta Inn & Suites, Minot Noble Inn, Minot North Hills Suites Conversion to Hyatt House, Minot Proposed Extended-Stay Hotel, Minot Proposed Limited-Service Hotel, Minot Proposed Baymont Inn & Suites, South Heart Proposed Candlewood Suites, West Fargo Market Overview, Williston Proposed Hotel(s), Williston Supply Update, Williston OHIO Fairfield Inn by Marriott, Akron Proposed Hilton, Chippewa Lake Hyatt Regency, Cincinnati Radisson, Cincinnati Courtyard by Marriott, Cleveland Holiday Inn Beachwood, Cleveland Holiday Inn Westlake, Cleveland Marriott East, Cleveland Marriott North, Cleveland Radisson, Cleveland AmeriSuites, Columbus Courtyard Easton, Columbus DoubleTree Guest Suites, Columbus Hilton Easton, Columbus Hilton Polaris, Columbus Marriott Airport, Columbus Westin, Columbus DoubleTree Guest Suites, Dayton Marriott Columbus Northwest, Dublin La Quinta Inn & Suites Fairborn Wright Patterson, Fairborn AmeriSuites, Forest Park Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Dayton Huber Heights, Huber Heights Harley Hotel, Independence Comfort Inn, Marietta Marriott Cincinnati Northeast, Mason Comfort Inn Cleveland Airport, Middleburg Heights Harley Hotel, Middleburg Heights Holiday Inn, Richfield Homewood Suites, Sharonville Holiday Inn, Strongsville Marriott Cincinnati North, West Chester Ramada Hotel, Willoughby OKLAHOMA Holiday Inn Express & Suites, Duncan Embassy Suites, Norman HVS, Minneapolis, Minnesota Qualifications of Tanya Pierson, MAI 17 Courtyard by Marriott Downtown, Oklahoma City Hampton Inn, Oklahoma City Hampton Inn & Suites Oklahoma City Airport, Oklahoma City Home2 Suites by Hilton Oklahoma City Airport, Oklahoma City Park Inn, Oklahoma City Proposed Boutique Hotel, Oklahoma City Proposed NYLO Hotel, Oklahoma City Residence Inn by Marriott Bricktown, Oklahoma City Westin, Oklahoma City Courtyard by Marriott, Tulsa Hampton Inn, Tulsa Renaissance, Tulsa OREGON Windmill Inn, Ashland Best Western Pier Point Inn, Florence Proposed Staybridge Suites, Hillsboro Columbia Gorge Hotel & Spa, Hood River Residence Inn by Marriott, Lake Oswego Proposed Candlewood Suites, Medford Windmill Inn, Medford DoubleTree Downtown, Portland DoubleTree Lloyd Center, Portland Marriott, Portland Proposed Hilton Garden Inn, Portland Proposed Hyatt Convention Hotel, Portland Residence Inn by Marriott, Portland Windmill Inn, Roseburg DoubleTree, Springfield Holiday Inn, Wilsonville PENNSYLVANIA Courtyard by Marriott, Cranberry Township Marriott North, Cranberry Township Hilton Garden Inn, Fort Washington Holiday Inn, Greentree Crowne Plaza, Harrisburg Proposed Hotel – King of Prussia Mall, King of Prussia Four Points by Sheraton, Mars Holiday Inn, McKnight Holiday Inn, Monroeville DoubleTree, Moon Township DoubleTree Club, Philadelphia Proposed Ritz-Carlton, Philadelphia Proposed Sofitel, Philadelphia Residence Inn by Marriott, Philadelphia Sofitel, Philadelphia Wyndham Franklin Plaza, Philadelphia Crowne Plaza, Pittsburgh Holiday Inn, Pittsburgh Holiday Inn Parkway East, Pittsburgh Windsor Court Hotel Conversion, Pittsburgh Wyndham, Pittsburgh DoubleTree Guest Suites, Plymouth Meeting Nittany Lion, State College Penn 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